scholarly journals Sagittal abdominal diameter and waist circumference are equally good as identifiers of cardiometabolic risk

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grith Møller ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Louise Kjølbæk ◽  
Stine Vuholm ◽  
Sanne Kellebjerg Korndal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractBackgroundBody mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are commonly used markers of cardiometabolic risk. However, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been proposed to be a better marker of intra-abdominal obesity compared to WC and might better associate with metabolic disturbances in high-risk populations. The objective of this study was to compare SAD, WC, and BMI as determinants of an adverse metabolic phenotype.MethodAnthropometric and metabolic measures of 1516 overweight or obese individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome were included to examine differences between SAD, WC and BMI as measures of an adverse metabolic phenotype. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between SAD, WC, and BMI and markers of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, blood lipids, and low grade inflammation.ResultsBoth SAD and WC correlated with BMI, but as BMI increased, SAD proportionately estimated higher abdominal adiposity compared to WC (slope = 0.0037 (0.0029; 0.0046), p<0.0001). We did not find major differences between SAD, WC and BMI in explained variance in models with the different markers of metabolic risk. Furthermore, we did not find differences between SAD and WC in the ability to identify individuals with metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cut-offs, but a few differences from BMI were indicated but mostly before adjustments. Moreover, the differences between SAD and WC associations were not modified by sex or degree of adiposity, but identification of individuals with a metabolic phenotype was generally better in women.ConclusionThese data indicate that SAD and WC are equally good indicators of an adverse metabolic phenotype. Thus, from a public health perspective choice of anthropometric measure may depend only on what is the most practical method in a given situation.

scholarly journals Irregularity of energy intake at meals: prospective associations with the metabolic syndrome in adults of the 1946 British birth cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda K. Pot ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Alison M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Development

AbstractIrregularity in eating patterns could be a potential cardiometabolic risk factor. We aimed to study the associations of irregular intake of energy at meals in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors 10 and 17 years later. Variability of energy intake data – derived from 5-d estimated diet diaries of cohort members of the National Survey for Health and Development collected at ages 36 (n1416), 43 (n1505) and 53 years (n1381) – was used as a measure for irregularity. Associations between meal irregularity scores with cardiometabolic risk factors measured 10 and 17 years later were investigated using linear mixed models and logistic regression models. The results showed that irregularity scores changed significantly over the years (P<0·05). At age 36 years, subjects with a more irregular intake of energy at lunch (OR 1·42; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·91) and between meals (OR 1·35; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·82) had an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome 17 years later; at lunch was also associated with an increased waist circumference (OR 1·58; 95 % 1·27, 1·96) and TAG levels (OR 1·33; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·72). At age 43 years, subjects with a more irregular intake at breakfast had an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome 10 years later (OR 1·53; 95 % CI 1·15, 2·04), as well as an increased BMI (OR 1·66; 95 % CI 1·31, 2·10), waist circumference (OR 1·53; 95 % CI 1·23, 1·90) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1·42; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·78). In conclusion, subjects with a more irregular intake of energy, mostly at breakfast and lunch, appeared to have an increased cardiometabolic risk 10 and 17 years later.

scholarly journals Comparison of the established definition criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome between overweight and obese children in Vojvodina

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-505
Author(s):  
Ivana Vorgucin ◽  
Jovan Vlaski ◽  
Nada Naumovic ◽  
Dragan Katanic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background/Aim. Metabolic syndrome is a clinical term which encompasses obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, as well as an increased risk of the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disorders in early adulthood. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing and directly related to the obesity rate among children. The aim of the research was to compare the established definition of the criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in a sample group consisting of overweight and obese children in Vojvodina. Methods. The research was performed as a cross study analysis of 206 examinees. In terms of the sample group (25% children and 75% adolescents), 74% were obese and 26% overweight according to the body mass index (BMI). Two sets of criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome were applied in the sample of adolescents: the criteria for adults, specifically adapted for children, and the criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) for children and adolescents. The research included the analysis of the following criteria: BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glycemia and insulinemia during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results. By applying the specific criteria for diagnosing the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents on the whole sample, it was established that the metabolic syndrome was present in 41% of the examinees, while the application of the criteria defined by the IDF confirmed the diagnosis in 22% of the examinees. An analysis of the metabolic syndrome risk factors established that among the defined specific criteria the most frequent factors present were elevated BMI and the pathological results of the OGTT, while the least frequent was low HDL cholesterol. Among the criteria listed by the IDF, the most frequent metabolic syndrome factors were waist circumference and increased blood pressure, while the least frequent was elevated fasting glucose. Conclusion. Metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese children in Vojvodina was diagnosed much more often when the specific criteria for children and adolescents were applied than it was the case when the criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation were applied.

scholarly journals Correlation between hsCRP and Anti-beta2GPI Antibody in Metabolic Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Meiriza Djohari ◽  
Mansyur Arif ◽  
Burhanuddin Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunological Mechanism ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Several researches reported that inflammatory and immunological mechanism such as autoantibody to β2-glycoprotein I (anti β2GPI) appear as related factors in initiation and progress of atherosclerosis lesion in patient with autoimmune disease. Antibody to β2GPI titers are correlated with atherosclerosis and in vitro studies showed that they enhance oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake by macrophages. Immunization with auto-antigen β2GPI elicits an immune response to influence lesion progression that mostly happens in autoimmune subjects. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is combination of several metabolic disorders such as obesity, dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and conditions due to inflammation and stress oxidative. The Correlation between inflammatory markers such as High sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and anti-β2GPI antibody in MetS needs to be further investigated.METHODS: This was an observational study with cross sectional design on subject with MetS as determined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2005’s criteria.RESULTS:There was a positive and significant correlation between hsCRP and anti-β2GPI antibody in MetS group (r=0.406; p≤0.05) as compared to non-MetS group. We found that there was elevated level of anti-β2GPI antibody in hsCRP of 3-10 mg/L.CONCLUSIONS: Anti-β2GPI antibody may be elevated in subjects with MetS who have low grade of inflammation as shown by hsCRP.KEYWORDS: metabolic syndrome, inflammation, autoantigen, atherosclerosis, obesity

Regulation of adipokine secretion byn-3 fatty acids

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Moreno-Aliaga ◽  
Silvia Lorente-Cebrián ◽  
J. Alfredo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Obesity leads to several chronic morbidities including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and hypertension, which are major components of the metabolic syndrome. White adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism and WAT-derived factors (fatty acids and adipokines) play an important role in the development of these metabolic disturbances. In fact, dysregulated adipokine secretion from the expanded WAT of obese individuals contributes to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Then-3 PUFA EPA and DHA have been widely reported to have protective effects in a range of chronic inflammatory conditions including obesity. In fact,n-3 PUFA have been shown to ameliorate low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue associated with obesity and up-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and induce beta-oxidation in WAT in mice. Moreover, the ability ofn-3 PUFA to regulate adipokine gene expression and secretion has been observed bothin vitroandin vivoin rodents and human subjects. The present article reviews: (1) the physiological role of adiponectin, leptin and pre-B cell colony-enhancer factor/visfatin, three adipokines with immune-modulatory properties involved in the regulation of metabolism and insulin sensitivity and (2) the actions ofn-3 PUFA on these adipokines focusing on the underlying mechanisms and the potential relationship with the beneficial effects of these fatty acids on obesity-associated metabolic disorders. It can be concluded that the ability ofn-3 PUFA to improve obesity and insulin resistance conditions partially results from the modulation of WAT metabolism and the secretion of bioactive adipokines including leptin, adiponectin and visfatin.

scholarly journals Study of metabolic syndrome in south Indian PCOS women

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Ushadevi Gopalan ◽  
V Kalaivani ◽  
Balaji Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
South Indian

PCOS is one of the common endocrine disorders in women leading to various complications like infertility, menstrual, psychological disturbances and metabolic syndrome. The objectives of this study were to study the clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age group with PCOS. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre from September 2018 to June 2020. Fifty six women diagnosed with PCOS, underwent clinical and laboratory assessments for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, as per international diabetes federation (IDF) criteria. 14.3% subjects had metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of individual components of the metabolic syndrome among PCOS patients were: waist circumference &#62;80cms in 100%, HDL &#60; 50mg/dl in 100%, triglycerides &#62; 150mg/dl in 75%, blood pressure &#62;130/85mmhg in 12.5%, fasting plasma glucose &#62; 100 mg /dl in 87.5%. Subjects with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher BMI compared to those without metabolic syndrome (p=0.043). The metabolic syndrome and its individual components, like waist circumference and decreased HDL were found to be more common among PCOS patients in this study. As the risk of MetS increases with age and BMI, early screening and timely interventions like lifestyle changes will prevent metabolic complications like cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes mellitus.

Determining the Waist Circumference Cut off which Best Predicts the Metabolic Syndrome components in urban Africans: The SABPA study

2011 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Prinsloo ◽  
L. Malan ◽  
J. de Ridder ◽  
J. Potgieter ◽  
H. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

AbstractVarious studies have shown that the relationship between waist circumference (WC) and abdominal obesity is age, gender as well as ethnicity-dependent. WC criteria for Sub Saharan Africans have not been defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The aim was to determine which WC cut off best predicted Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in a group of urban African teachers (80 males and 93 females). We determined sphygmomanometer blood pressure, WC, glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HdL) and triglyceride (TRIG) values. The males′ MetS profile was less favourable as their glucose, TRIG and blood pressure levels were higher than the proposed cut off for MetS. The females could be classified as obese, based on their mean BMI (32.78±6.36) and WC (93.48±15.68). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) WC cut offs of 90, 91, 94 and 96 cm for the respective MetS components in males (blood pressure, HdL, glucose and TRIG) were suggested. In the females, cut offs of 92, 98, 94 and 94 cm for TRIG, blood pressure, HdL and glucose respectively, were put forward. Odds ratios revealed that increased blood pressure best predicted ROC WC in both males (OR 9.59; 95% CI 3.14–29.32) and females (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.30–7.42) irrespective of age. We suggest that the optimal cut off point for the males be set at 90 cm, as opposed to the current 94 cm; whilst the female cut off be set at 98 cm as opposed to the existing cut off of 80 cm. Larger sample groups are recommended to justify our data.

scholarly journals NAFLD progression is related with plasma pro-oxidative biomarkers rather than liver tissue-measured nitrogen metabolism biomarkers in population with obesity and metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca ◽  
Gabriela Alexandra Domínguez-Pérez ◽  
Rolando Efraín Hernández-Muñóz ◽  
Alejandro Hernández-Patricio ◽  
Eduardo Vera-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with an increased production of nitrogen metabolites and elevated oxidative stress, which favor the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Subjects with the phenotype known as metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) meet most of the MS cardiometabolic risk criteria and show a higher prevalence of NAFLD and fibrosis progression risk, compared to the so-known as metabolically healthy obese (MHO). The present study aimed to explore whether liver-specific biomarkers of nitrogen metabolism and oxidative stress, measured in both plasma and in liver tissue, may relate to NAFLD severity and/or metabolic phenotype. Methods. This observational, cross-sectional study included candidates for bariatric surgery with biopsy-proven NAFLD diagnosis and staging. For comparison, the study population was divided according to NAFLD progression (steatohepatitis F0-F1 vs F2-F4) and metabolic phenotype (MHO vs MUO, based on the MS criteria). Hepatic and plasma concentrations of nitrogen metabolites and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined by enzymatic kinetics assays, ELISA and Griess reaction. Results. The study population consisted of 28 patients with obesity and higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. NAFLD progression was related with the metabolic phenotype. According to plasma biomarkers, MUO phenotype was related to higher cardiometabolic risk; while NAFLD severity progression was related to higher Hb A1c and triglycerides. Elevated hepatic concentrations of ammonium, nitrites, arginine and citrulline were found in MUO phenotype, but only higher plasma concentration of MDA was found as specifically related to NAFLD progression. Conclusions. Circulating biomarkers of redox state were selectively related with NAFLD progression, supporting prognostic and therapeutic potential target. Hepatic concentrations of nitrogen metabolism biomarkers may be more related to cardiometabolic risk.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoids associate with cardiometabolic risk factors in black South Africans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siphiwe N Dlamini ◽  
Zané Lombard ◽  
Lisa K. Micklesfield ◽  
Nigel Crowther ◽  
Shane A. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
African Women ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Beta Coefficient

Circulating glucocorticoids are associated with the metabolic syndrome and related cardiometabolic risk factors in non-Africans. This study investigated these associations in Africans, whose metabolic phenotype reportedly differs from Europeans. Measures of adiposity, blood pressure, glycaemia, insulin resistance, and lipid profile, were measured in 316 African men and 788 African women living in Soweto, Johannesburg. The 2009 harmonized criteria were used to define the metabolic syndrome. Serum glucocorticoids were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cortisol was associated with greater odds of presenting with the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (95% confidence interval, 95%CI) =1.50 [1.04, 2.17] and higher systolic (beta coefficient, β (95%CI) =0.04 [0.01, 0.08]) and diastolic (0.05 [0.02, 0.09]) blood pressure, but higher HDL (0.10 [0.02, 0.19]) and lower LDL (-0.14 [-0.24, -0.03]) cholesterol concentrations, in the combined sample of men and women. In contrast, corticosterone was only associated with higher insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index; 0.22 [0.03, 0.41]), but this was not independent of BMI. Sex-specific associations were observed, such that both cortisol and corticosterone were associated with higher fasting glucose (standardized β (95%CI): 0.24 [0.12, 0.36] for cortisol; and 0.12 [0.01, 0.23] for corticosterone) and HbA1c (0.13 [0.01, 0.25] for cortisol; and 0.12 [0.01, 0.24] for corticosterone) in men only, but lower HbA1c (0.10 [ -0.20, -0.01] for cortisol; and -0.09 [-0.18, -0.03] for corticosterone) in women only. Our study reports for the first time that associations between circulating glucocorticoid concentrations and key cardiometabolic risk factors exhibit both glucocorticoid- and sex-specificity in Africans.

scholarly journals The prediction of Metabolic Syndrome alterations is improved by combining waist circumference and handgrip strength measurements compared to either alone

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose P. Lopez-Lopez ◽  
Daniel D. Cohen ◽  
Daniela Ney-Salazar ◽  
Daniel Martinez ◽  
Johanna Otero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Background Adiposity is a major component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), low muscle strength has also been identified as a risk factor for MetS and for cardiovascular disease. We describe the prevalence of MetS and evaluate the relationship between muscle strength, anthropometric measures of adiposity, and associations with the cluster of the components of MetS, in a middle-income country. Methods MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. To assess the association between anthropometric variables (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (W/H), body mass index (BMI)), strength (handgrip/kg bodyweight (HGS/BW)) and the cluster of MetS, we created a MetS score. For each alteration (high triglycerides, low HDLc, dysglycemia, or high blood pressure) one point was conferred. To evaluate the association an index of fat:muscle and MetS score, participants were divided into 9 groups based on combinations of sex-specific tertiles of WC and HGS/BW. Results The overall prevalence of MetS in the 5,026 participants (64% women; mean age 51.2 years) was 42%. Lower HGS/BW, and higher WC, BMI, and W/H were associated with a higher MetS score. Amongst the 9 HGS/BW:WC groups, participants in the lowest tertile of HGS/BW and the highest tertile of WC had a higher MetS score (OR = 4.69 in women and OR = 8.25 in men;p < 0.01) compared to those in the highest tertile of HGS/BW and in the lowest tertile of WC. Conclusion WC was the principal risk factor for a high MetS score and an inverse association between HGS/BW and MetS score was found. Combining these anthropometric measures improved the prediction of metabolic alterations over either alone.

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