scholarly journals Metabolic cost calculations of gait using musculoskeletal energy models, a comparison study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne D. Koelewijn ◽  
Dieter Heinrich ◽  
Antonie J. van den Bogert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
Metabolic Energy Expenditure

AbstractThis paper compares predictions of metabolic energy expenditure in gait using seven metabolic energy expenditure models to assess their correlation with experimental data. Ground reaction forces, marker data, and pulmonary gas exchange data were recorded for six walking trials at combinations of two speeds, 0.8 m/s and 1.3 m/s, and three inclines, −8% (downhill), level, and 8% (uphill). The metabolic cost, calculated with the metabolic energy models was compared to the metabolic cost from the pulmonary gas exchange rates. A repeated measures correlation showed that all models correlated well with experimental data, with correlations of at least 0.9. The model by Bhargava et al. [7] and the model by Lichtwark and Wilson [21] had the highest correlation, 0.96. The model by Margaria [23] predicted the increase in metabolic cost following a change in dynamics best in absolute terms.

scholarly journals Human walking in the real world: Interactions between terrain type, gait parameters, and energy expenditure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Kowalsky ◽  
JR Rebula ◽  
LV Ojeda ◽  
PG Adamczyk ◽  
AD Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Real World ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
The Real ◽  
Terrain Type ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Metabolic Energy Expenditure

AbstractHumans often traverse real-world environments with a variety of surface irregularities and inconsistencies, which can disrupt steady gait and require additional effort. Such effects have, however, scarcely been demonstrated quantitatively, because few laboratory biomechanical measures apply outdoors. Walking can nevertheless be quantified by other means. In particular, the foot’s trajectory in space can be reconstructed from foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs), to yield measures of stride and associated variabilities. But it remains unknown whether such measures are related to metabolic energy expenditure. We therefore quantified the effect of five different outdoor terrains on foot motion (from IMUs) and net metabolic rate (from oxygen consumption) in healthy adults (N = 10; walking at 1.25 m/s). Energy expenditure increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the order Sidewalk, Dirt, Gravel, Grass, and Woodchips, with Woodchips about 27% costlier than Sidewalk. Terrain type also affected measures, particularly stride variability and virtual foot clearance (swing foot’s lowest height above consecutive footfalls). In combination, such measures can also roughly predict metabolic cost (adjusted R2 = 0.52, partial least squares regression), and even discriminate between terrain types (10% reclassification error). Body-worn sensors can characterize how uneven terrain affects gait, gait variability, and metabolic cost in the real world.

scholarly journals Human walking in the real world: Interactions between terrain type, gait parameters, and energy expenditure

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0228682
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Kowalsky ◽  
John R. Rebula ◽  
Lauro V. Ojeda ◽  
Peter G. Adamczyk ◽  
Arthur D. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Real World ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
The Real ◽  
Terrain Type ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Metabolic Energy Expenditure

Humans often traverse real-world environments with a variety of surface irregularities and inconsistencies, which can disrupt steady gait and require additional effort. Such effects have, however, scarcely been demonstrated quantitatively, because few laboratory biomechanical measures apply outdoors. Walking can nevertheless be quantified by other means. In particular, the foot’s trajectory in space can be reconstructed from foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs), to yield measures of stride and associated variabilities. But it remains unknown whether such measures are related to metabolic energy expenditure. We therefore quantified the effect of five different outdoor terrains on foot motion (from IMUs) and net metabolic rate (from oxygen consumption) in healthy adults (N = 10; walking at 1.25 m/s). Energy expenditure increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the order Sidewalk, Dirt, Gravel, Grass, and Woodchips, with Woodchips about 27% costlier than Sidewalk. Terrain type also affected measures, particularly stride variability and virtual foot clearance (swing foot’s lowest height above consecutive footfalls). In combination, such measures can also roughly predict metabolic cost (adjusted R2 = 0.52, partial least squares regression), and even discriminate between terrain types (10% reclassification error). Body-worn sensors can characterize how uneven terrain affects gait, gait variability, and metabolic cost in the real world.

scholarly journals Muscle mechanics and energy expenditure of the triceps surae during rearfoot and forefoot running

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison H. Gruber ◽  
Brian R. Umberger ◽  
Ross H. Miller ◽  
Joseph Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Elastic Energy ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Forefoot Running ◽  
Metabolic Energy Expenditure

ABSTRACTForefoot running is advocated to improve running economy because of increased elastic energy storage than rearfoot running. This claim has not been assessed with methods that predict the elastic energy contribution to positive work or estimate muscle metabolic cost. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical work and metabolic cost of the gastrocnemius and soleus between rearfoot and forefoot running. Seventeen rearfoot and seventeen forefoot runners ran over-ground with their habitual footfall pattern (3.33-3.68m•s−1) while collecting motion capture and ground reaction force data. Ankle and knee joint angles and ankle joint moments served as inputs into a musculoskeletal model that calculated the mechanical work and metabolic energy expenditure of each muscle using Hill-based muscle models with contractile (CE) and series elastic (SEE) elements. A mixed-factor ANOVA assessed the difference between footfall patterns and groups (α=0.05). Forefoot running resulted in greater SEE mechanical work in the gastrocnemius than rearfoot running but no differences were found in CE mechanical work or CE metabolic energy expenditure. Forefoot running resulted in greater soleus SEE and CE mechanical work and CE metabolic energy expenditure than rearfoot running. The metabolic cost associated with greater CE velocity, force production, and activation during forefoot running may outweigh any metabolic energy savings associated with greater SEE mechanical work. Therefore, there was no energetic benefit at the triceps surae for one footfall pattern or the other. The complex CE-SEE interactions must be considered when assessing muscle metabolic cost, not just the amount of SEE strain energy.

Ambulatory foot contact monitor to estimate metabolic cost of human locomotion

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1818-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Hoyt ◽  
J. J. Knapik ◽  
J. F. Lanza ◽  
B. H. Jones ◽  
J. S. Staab
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Metabolic Energy Expenditure ◽  
Average Individual

The rate of metabolic energy expenditure during locomotion (Mloco) is proportional to body weight (Wb) divided by the time during each stride that a single foot contacts the ground (tc) (Nature Lond. 346: 265–267, 1990). Using this knowledge, we developed an electronic foot contact monitor. Our objective was to derive and cross-validate an equation for estimation Mloco from Wb/tc. Twelve males were tested [age = 19.4 +/- 1.4 (SD) yr, Wb = 78.4 +/- 8.0 kg] during horizontal treadmill walking (0.89, 1.34, and 1.79 m/s) and running (2.46, 2.91, and 3.35 m/s). Measured Mloco was defined as the total rate of energy expenditure, measured by indirect calorimetry, minus the estimated rate of resting energy expenditure. The equation to estimate Mloco was derived in six randomly selected subjects: Mloco = 3.702.(Wb/tc) - 149.6 (r2 = 0.93). Cross-validation in the remaining six subjects showed that estimated and measured Mloco were highly correlated (r2 = 0.97). The average individual error between estimated and measured Mloco was 0% (range -22 to 29%). In conclusion, Mloco can be accurately estimated from Wb and measurements of tc made by an ambulatory foot contact monitor.

Metabolic Energy Expenditure During Spring-Loaded Crutch Ambulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Seeley ◽  
Ryan P. Sandberg ◽  
Joshua F. Chacon ◽  
Merrill D. Funk ◽  
Neil Nokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Metabolic Energy Expenditure

Context:Individuals using traditional axillary crutches to ambulate expend approximately twice as much energy as individuals who perform able-bodied gait. A relatively novel spring-loaded crutch now being marketed may reduce metabolic energy expenditure during crutch ambulation. This idea, however, had not yet been tested.Objective:To determine whether the novel spring-loaded crutch reduces oxygen consumption during crutch ambulation, relative to traditional-crutch ambulation. A secondary purpose was to evaluate the design for subject-perceived comfort and ease of use.Design:Within-subject.Setting:Indoor track.Participants:10 able-bodied men and 10 able-bodied women.Interventions:The independent variable was crutch design. Each subject ambulated using 3 different crutch designs (traditional, spring-loaded, and modified spring-loaded), in a randomized order.Main Outcome Measures:The primary dependent variable was oxygen consumption. Secondary dependent variables were subject-perceived comfort and ease of use, as rated by the subjects using a 100-mm visual analog scale. Dependent variables were compared among the 3 crutch designs using a 1-way repeated-measures ANOVA (α = .05).Results:Oxygen consumption during spring-loaded-crutch ambulation (17.88 ± 2.13 mL · kg−1 · min−1) was 6.2% greater (P = .015; effect size [ES] = .50) than during traditional axillary-crutch ambulation (16.84 ± 2.08 mL · kg−1 · min−1). There was no statistically significant difference (P = .068; ES = −.45) for oxygen consumption between spring-loaded-crutch ambulation and ambulation using the modified crutch (17.03 ± 1.61 mL · kg−1 · min−1). Subjects perceived the spring-loaded crutch to be more comfortable (P < .001; ES = .56) than the traditional crutch. There was no difference (P = .159; ES = −.09) between the spring-loaded and traditional crutches for subject-perceived ease of use.Conclusions:Compared with traditional axillary crutches, the novel spring-loaded crutch may be more comfortable but does not appear to benefit subjects via reduced metabolic energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Reduced Achilles Tendon Stiffness Disrupts Calf Muscle Neuromechanics in Elderly Gait

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Krupenevich ◽  
Owen N. Beck ◽  
Gregory S. Sawicki ◽  
Jason R. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Tendon Stiffness ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ankle Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Energy Expenditure

Older adults walk slower and with a higher metabolic energy expenditure than younger adults. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that age-related declines in Achilles tendon stiffness increase the metabolic cost of walking due to less economical calf muscle contractions and increased proximal joint work. This viewpoint may motivate interventions to restore ankle muscle-tendon stiffness, improve walking mechanics, and reduce metabolic cost in older adults.

Study of Rest Time of Workers Using Biomechanical Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Okumoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Digital Human Model ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Metabolic Energy Expenditure ◽  
Digital Human

This report focuses on welding work for the assembly of large steel structures as an example of physical jobs. Task simulations using a digital human model, including metabolic energy expenditure analysis, have been carried out using the biomechanical approach for typical welding postures. Moreover, necessary rest time to recover from fatigue has been studied, and the optimal work cycle in a day was examined. As a result, it can be concluded that the flat position for welding, the most widely applied posture, requires the greatest energy expenditure, whereas the overhead position is requires the least. Furthermore, it is concluded that the rule of taking short breaks and often is preferable from the viewpoint of recovery from fatigue, especially for work where the consumption of energy is large. Finally, an optimal work cycle is proposed.

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