scholarly journals Increased genetic marker density reveals high levels of admixture between red deer and introduced Japanese sika in Kintyre, Scotland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eryn McFarlane ◽  
Darren C. Hunter ◽  
Helen V. Senn ◽  
Stephanie L. Smith ◽  
Rebecca Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Ancestry Informative Markers ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Better Than

AbstractHybridization is a natural process at species range boundaries, but increasing numbers of species are hybridizing due to direct or indirect human activities. In such cases of anthropogenic hybridization, subsequent introgression can threaten the survival of native species. To date many such systems have been studied with too few genetic markers to assess the level of threat resulting from advanced backcrossing. Here we use 44,999 single nucleotide polymorphisms and the ADMIXTURE program to study two areas of Scotland where a panel of 22 diagnostic microsatellites previously identified introgression between native red deer (Cervus elaphus) and introduced Japanese sika (Cervus nippon). In Kintyre we reclassify 26% of deer from the pure species categories to the hybrid category whereas in the NW Highlands we only reclassify 2%. As expected, the reclassified individuals are mostly advanced backcrosses. We also investigate the ability of marker panels selected on different posterior allele frequency criteria to find hybrids assigned by the full marker set, and show that in our data, ancestry informative markers (i.e. those that are highly differentiated between the species, but not fixed) are better than diagnostic markers (those markers that are fixed between the species) because they are more evenly distributed in the genome. Diagnostic loci are concentrated on the X chromosome to the detriment of autosomal coverage.

scholarly journals Impact of interspecific relations between native red deer (Cervus elaphus) and introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) on their rutting season in the Doupovské hory Mts.

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Macháček ◽  
S. Dvořák ◽  
M. Ježek ◽  
D. Zahradník
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Data Set ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Military

The behaviour of sika and red deer during the rutting season is highly variable in relation to vocalization, habitat preference during the rut, and onset and termination of rutting. The red deer is a native species in Central Europe, but the areas where it lives in sympatry with the introduced sika deer have been increasing in the last three decades. Such situation can be found in the Doupovské hory Mts., where sika deer has been intensively spreading. Hybridization between the two species and changes in behaviour are the most important problems. In this study we prove the shift in the rutting period shown by both species. To evaluate the shift in the rutting season, we used a very extensive long-term data set on deer shot within the Military Training Area. These changes occur very slowly, however, and are very difficult to monitor and evaluate in the wild. Based on our results, the timing of the rutting season has converged at the mean rate of 0.62 day per year (rutting season starts later in the red deer and earlier in the sika deer).  

scholarly journals Admixture mapping reveals loci for carcass mass in red deer x sika hybrids in Kintyre, Scotland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eryn McFarlane ◽  
Josephine M. Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Admixture Mapping ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Genomic Locations ◽  
Term Analysis

AbstractWe deployed admixture mapping on a sample of 386 deer from a hybrid swarm between native red deer (Cervus elaphus) and introduced Japanese sika (Cervus nippon) sampled in Kintyre, Scotland to search for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) underpinning phenotypic differences between the species. These two species are highly diverged genetically (Fst between pure species, based on 50K SNPs, = 0.532) and phenotypically: pure red have on average twice the carcass mass of pure sika in our sample (38.7kg vs 19.1 kg). After controlling for sex, age and population genetic structure we found ten autosomal genomic locations with QTL for carcass mass. Effect sizes ranged from 0.191 to 1.839 Kg and as expected, in all cases the allele derived from sika conferred lower carcass mass. The sika population was fixed for all small carcass mass alleles, whereas the red deer population was typically polymorphic. GO term analysis of genes lying in the QTL regions are associated with oxygen transport. Although body mass is a likely target of selection, none of the SNPs marking QTL are introgressing faster or slower than expected in either direction.

scholarly journals Admixture mapping reveals loci for carcass mass in red deer x sika hybrids in Kintyre, Scotland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Eryn McFarlane ◽  
Josephine M Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Admixture Mapping ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Genomic Locations ◽  
Term Analysis

Abstract We deployed admixture mapping on a sample of 386 deer from a hybrid swarm between native red deer (Cervus elaphus) and introduced Japanese sika (Cervus nippon) sampled in Kintyre, Scotland to search for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) underpinning phenotypic differences between the species. These two species are highly diverged genetically (Fst between pure species, based on 50K SNPs, = 0.532) and phenotypically: pure red have on average twice the carcass mass of pure sika in our sample (38.7 kg vs 19.1 kg). After controlling for sex, age and population genetic structure we found ten autosomal genomic locations with QTL for carcass mass. Effect sizes ranged from 0.191 to 1.839 Kg and as expected, in all cases the allele derived from sika conferred lower carcass mass. The sika population was fixed for all small carcass mass alleles, whereas the red deer population was typically polymorphic. GO term analysis of genes lying in the QTL regions are associated with oxygen transport. Although body mass is a likely target of selection, none of the SNPs marking QTL are introgressing faster or slower than expected in either direction.

Vocalizations in red deer (Cervus elaphus), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and red × sika hybrids

1998 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Long ◽  
N.P. Moore ◽  
T. J. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon

scholarly journals PSXII-30 SNPs IN THE GROWTH HORMONE GENE OF WILD AND DOMESTIC REINDEER (Rangifer tarandus) IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 241-242
Author(s):  
Anna Krutikova ◽  
Natalia Dementeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Climatic Zones

Abstract In the northern part of Russia, there are wild and domestic reindeer. There are four breeds of domestic reindeer in Russia: Nenets, Evenki, Even and Chukchi. The breeds are adapted to various climatic zones of habitat (tundra or taiga). Breeds vary in growth and live weight, as well as in areas of application. The aim was to study the polymorphism of the gene for growth hormone in the reindeer. The DNA was extracted by the phenolic method using the standard method using proteinase K from blood and tissues. Specially designed primers were used to amplify the site of growth hormone gene. As a result of amplification, a 422 bp fragment was obtained covering the region of the somatotropin gene containing 2 and 3 exons. The resulting amplification was sequenced on an Applied Biosystems 3500 Genetic Analyzer using the BigDye® Terminator v3.1 Sequencing Standard Kit according to the protocol. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of C12T, C72T, A122G, A235G were detected in the investigated region of the growth hormone gene (somatotropin). The positions of the found SNPs were determined from a similar section of the gene in a red deer (Cervus elaphus), the genome of which was completely sequenced. Two SNPs are in the intron, two are in the exon. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were calculated in the six studied populations of domestic and wild reindeer. The results obtained in the study make it possible to draw conclusions about the genetic difference between the populations of wild and domestic reindeer of Russia, and between the domestic reindeer of different breeds. Theme АААА-А-18-118021590138-1.

Vocalizations in red deer (Cervus elaphus), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and red x sika hybrids

1998 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Long ◽  
N.P. Moore ◽  
T. J. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon

A Comparative Study of the Histopathologic Features of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle, Fallow Deer (Dama dama), Sika Deer (Cervus nippon), and Red Deer and Elk (Cervus elaphus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Rhyan ◽  
D. A. Saari
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Caseous Necrosis ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni ◽  
Lesion Morphology

Sections of tuberculous lesions from 23 elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and red deer ( Cervus elaphus elaphus), 12 fallow deer ( Dama dama), 10 sika deer ( Cervus nippon), and 30 cattle were examined and compared. Lesions were scored for caseous necrosis, mineralization, neutrophils, macrophages, giant cells, and acid-fast bacilli. Some differences in lesion morphology between the species were noted. Elk/red deer lesions had marked variation and often differed from bovine lesions in several characteristics; elk/red deer lesions usually had scattered peripheral mineralization rather than central mineralization and contained more neutrophils and fewer giant cells than did bovine lesions. Fallow deer lesions contained more giant cells but were otherwise indistinguishable from elk lesions. Sika deer lesions had more giant cells and fewer neutrophils than did lesions from cattle or other cervid species. Sika deer giant cells were larger and contained more nuclei than did giant cells in the other species.

scholarly journals A comparison of the voluntary intake and digestion of a range of forages at different times of the year by the sheep and the red deer (Cervus elaphus)

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Milne ◽  
J. C. Macrae ◽  
ANGELA M. Spence ◽  
S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Better Than

1. Comparisons were made between castrated male Scottish Blackface sheep and red deer (Cervus elaphus) of voluntary forage intake (VFI), digestibility and the mean retention time (MRT) of a particulate-phase marker (103Ru-phenanthroline) in the alimentary tract, when a range of forages: dried-grass pellets, chopped dried grass, fresh-frozen Agrostis-Festuca spp. and heather (Calluna vulgaris, L. Hull) were given at different times of the year.2. On both the dried-grass-pellet and chopped dried-grass diets the red deer and sheep ate similar quantities. Both species had a higher VFI of dried-grass pellets in July than in November. The sheep digested the dried-grass-pellet diet better than the red deer and this was associated with a longer MRT of the particulate-phase marker in the alimentary tract.3. The VFI of Agrostis-Festuca spp. and heather by the red deer was twice that of the sheep. The VFI of heather by the sheep increased by 32 % between January and April, and the VFI of both the Agrostis-–Festuca spp. and heather diets by the red deer increased by 65–70 %. The sheep digested the Agrostis–Festuca spp. better than the red deer but the red deer digested the heather slightly better than the sheep. MRT of the particulate-phase marker was greater for the sheep than for the red deer on both diets. The digestibility and MRT of both diets in the red deer did not decrease with the seasonal increase in VFI, suggesting a possible hypertrophy of the alimentary tract.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi in sika deer (Cervus nippon) and red deer (Cervus elaphus): deer specificity and zoonotic potential of ITS genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 4243-4250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Weizhe Zhang ◽  
Rongjun Wang ◽  
Weishi Liu ◽  
Aiqin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Zoonotic Potential
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