scholarly journals Deficient stereopsis in the normal population revisited: why current clinical stereo tests may not be adequate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F Hess ◽  
Rebecca Dillon ◽  
Rifeng Ding ◽  
Jiawei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Disparity Range ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
Similar Task ◽  
Meaningful Measure ◽  
Normal Binocular Vision ◽  
Depth Increment

AbstractSignificance statementApplied applications for occupational screening, clinical tests should assess sensitivity to the sign as well as the magnitude of disparity.PurposeTo determine why the high incidence of stereo anomaly found using laboratory tests with polarity-based increment judgements (i.e., depth sign) is not reflected in clinical measurements that involve single-polarity incremental judgements (i.e., depth magnitude).MethodsAn iPod-based measurement that involved the detection of an oriented shape defined by a single polarity-depth increment within a random dot display was used. A staircase procedure was used to gather sufficient trials to derive a meaningful measure of variance for the measurement of stereopsis over a large disparity range. Forty-five adults with normal binocular vision (20 - 65 years old) and normal or corrected-to-normal (0 logMAR or better) monocular vision participated in this study.ResultsObservers’ stereo acuities ranged between 10 and 100 arc seconds, and were normally distributed on a log scale (p = 0.90, 2-tailed Shapiro-Wilk test). The present results using a single polarity depth increment task (i.e., depth magnitude) show a similar distribution to those using a similar task using the Randot preschool stereo test on individuals between the ages of 19-35 using either the 4-book test (n = 33) or the 3-book test (n = 40), but very different results when the iPod test involved a polarity-based increment judgement (i.e., depth sign).ConclusionsThe present clinical stereo tests are based on magnitude judgements and are unable to detect the high percentage of stereo anomalous individuals in the normal population revealed using depth sign judgements.

HOMOSEXUAL WOMEN: AN ENDOCRINE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. GRIFFITHS ◽  
J. MERRY ◽  
MARGARET C. K. BROWNING ◽  
A. J. EISINGER ◽  
R. G. HUNTSMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY Forty-two members of a Lesbian organization volunteered to participate in a study designed to seek organic abnormalities. Urinary levels of oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol, pregnanediol, 17-oxosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, testosterone and epitestosterone were determined. No consistent pattern of hormonal abnormality emerged. Thirty-seven of the subjects completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory and 39 completed a questionnaire. The mean neuroticism score for the group was significantly higher and the mean extraversion score was significantly lower than in the normal population. This finding of dysthymia was reflected to some extent by the high incidence of past psychiatric treatment for anxiety and/or depression.

scholarly journals Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Subscapular Suture Integrity in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 247154921986118
Author(s):  
Alexandre Almeida ◽  
Daniel C Agostini ◽  
Cristiano Raymondi ◽  
Pedro Guarise ◽  
Nayvaldo Couto de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Abdominal Compression ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Lift Off

Objective The aim was to establish a correlation between the integrity of a suture made in the subscapular tendon (SST), as assessed by an ultrasound examination, and its functionality, as assessed by clinical tests during the postoperative period following reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). A secondary goal is to evaluate the presence and viability of the sutured SST. Methods This is a retrospective study of 18 RSA patients in whom the SST was repositioned to the anterior face of the humeral osteotomy. The median time of the postoperative evaluation was 31 months. The clinical evaluation consisted of the Gerber lift-off test, the internal rotation (IR) lag sign test, and the abdominal compression test, as well as forward flexion (FF), external rotation (ER), and IR. All patients underwent shoulder ultrasounds to evaluate the SST presence and viability. Results The SST was visualized in 13 patients (72.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 51.5–92.9). Of these 13 patients, the SST presented an altered fibrillar pattern in 5 patients (38.4%; 95% CI, 12.0–64.9) and was considered nonviable. There were no associations between SST viability and a positive Gerber’s lift-off test ( P = .480), a positive IR lag sign test ( P = .480), or a positive abdominal compression test ( P = .618). There were no significant differences in FF ( P = .104), ER ( P = .196), or IR ( P = .374) mobility between patients with viable SSTs and those without viable SSTs. Conclusion It was not possible to demonstrate a correlation between the integrity of the SST repair based on the ultrasound and its functionality as assessed by clinical tests in the postoperative period following an RSA. The SST repair has a high failure rate, as demonstrated by the high incidence of nonviable or absent tendons.

scholarly journals Similarities of Guamanian ALS/PD to Post-Encephalitic Parkinsonism/ALS: Possible Viral Cause

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Hudson ◽  
George P.A. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Encephalitis Lethargica ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Persistently Infect ◽  
Optimal Candidate ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

ABSTRACT:Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with parkinsonism-dementia (ALS/PD) has been the subject of intensive study since its discovery in 1947 because of its extraordinarily high incidence in a small ethnic group (Chamorros) whose dietary lack and customs have suggested possible causes. As yet, these and other suspected causes have eluded proof. Because of marked similarities between Guamanian ALS/PD and late onset post-encephalitic (encephalitis lethargica) parkinsonism and ALS it is suggested that they have a common cause. The parkinsonism and ALS in the two disorders are clinically very similar and neuropathological studies have shown a very similar distribution of neurofibrillary tangles in neurons. Some clinical differences, such as ocular features in the post-encephalitic cases and dementia in Guamanian ALS/PD, can be explained by differences in the severity of infection and the interval between the encephalitis and onset of sequelae. Although unproven, influenza A (HswilNl strain) has long been suspected as the cause of encephalitis lethargica because of simultaneous pandemics of the two diseases in the 1920s. Because influenza A can persistently infect cells and has a marked propensity to mutate it is an optimal candidate among other RNA viruses for delayed nervous system infection as a possible cause of ALS/PD.

The observation of defects on (100) CdTe surfaces by chemical etching

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1424-1425
Author(s):  
M.E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Crystalline Perfection ◽  
Crystalline Defects ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Crystallographic Defects ◽  
Cdznte Substrates ◽  
Device Technology

The crystalline perfection of bulk CdTe substrates plays an important role in their use in infrared device technology. The application of chemical etchants to determine crystal polarity or the density and distribution of crystallographic defects in (100) CdTe is not well understood. The lack of data on (100) CdTe surfaces is a result of the apparent difficulty in growing (100) CdTe single crystal substrates which is caused by a high incidence of twinning. Many etchants have been reported to predict polarity on one or both (111) CdTe planes but are considered to be unsuitable as defect etchants. An etchant reported recently has been considered to be a true defect etchant for CdTe, MCT and CdZnTe substrates. This etchant has been reported to reveal crystalline defects such as dislocations, grain boundaries and inclusions in (110) and (111) CdTe. In this study the effect of this new etchant on (100) CdTe surfaces is investigated.The single crystals used in this study were (100) CdTe as-cut slices (1mm thickness) from Bridgman-grown ingots.

Personality of Clown Doctors

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Dionigi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Big Five Personality

Abstract. In recent years, both professional and volunteer clowns have become familiar in health settings. The clown represents a peculiar humorist’s character, strictly associated with the performer’s own personality. In this study, the Big Five personality traits (BFI) of 155 Italian clown doctors (130 volunteers and 25 professionals) were compared to published data for the normal population. This study highlighted specific differences between clown doctors and the general population: Clown doctors showed higher agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion, as well as lower neuroticism compared to other people. Moreover, specific differences emerged comparing volunteers and professionals: Professional clowns showed significantly lower in agreeableness compared to their unpaid colleagues. The results are also discussed with reference to previous studies conducted on groups of humorists. Clowns’ personalities showed some peculiarities that can help to explain the facility for their performances in the health setting and that are different than those of other groups of humorists.

Test Validation Without Measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Lacot ◽  
Mohammad H. Afzali ◽  
Stéphane Vautier
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Test Validation ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Power Of Test ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Social Uses ◽  
Special Case

Abstract. Test validation based on usual statistical analyses is paradoxical, as, from a falsificationist perspective, they do not test that test data are ordinal measurements, and, from the ethical perspective, they do not justify the use of test scores. This paper (i) proposes some basic definitions, where measurement is a special case of scientific explanation; starting from the examples of memory accuracy and suicidality as scored by two widely used clinical tests/questionnaires. Moreover, it shows (ii) how to elicit the logic of the observable test events underlying the test scores, and (iii) how the measurability of the target theoretical quantities – memory accuracy and suicidality – can and should be tested at the respondent scale as opposed to the scale of aggregates of respondents. (iv) Criterion-related validity is revisited to stress that invoking the explanative power of test data should draw attention on counterexamples instead of statistical summarization. (v) Finally, it is argued that the justification of the use of test scores in specific settings should be part of the test validation task, because, as tests specialists, psychologists are responsible for proposing their tests for social uses.

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