scholarly journals Critical Variables to be Considered when Attempting to Estimate Blood Ethanol Concentrations in Rats from g/kg Exposure Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Dannenhoffer ◽  
Dominika Hosová ◽  
Sanjeena Dang ◽  
Utkarsh Dang ◽  
Linda P. Spear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intubation Time ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Elimination Phase ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Exposure Data ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Post Intubation ◽  
Time Point

AbstractBackgroundIn rodent studies of ethanol (EtOH) consumption where blood sample collection does not occur, there is often mention of likely BECs based on prior studies. These studies may vary in dose(s) used, age/sex/species, or administration route. Often, intake studies may presume that binge-levels were achieved without knowing that BECs exceeded 80 mg% (binge threshold). In human studies, estimated BECs (eBECs) have been derived using complex formulas that consider EtOH consumption level and the weight and sex of the individual.MethodThree datasets were used to derive eBECs using a conversion factor (CF) that considers gram (g) of EtOH per kilogram (kg) of animal weight and other variables that may influence BECs such as age, sex, dose, route, vehicle, chronicity, and timing post-exposure. Regression analyses were also conducted for each dataset, building regression models with BEC as the response and other variables in the study specific to each dataset as predictor variables.ResultsDataset1 assessed age, sex and post-injection time point. Both CF and regression analyses determined that different CFs should be used for 10- and 30-min post-administration time points. Dataset2 assessed age, dose, vehicle and post-intubation time point. Depending on the post-intubation time point, several CFs were used to derive eBECs. When weight was not used as a regression variable, data across approaches corresponded, with age differences emerging later in elimination phase. In Dataset3 that used BECs from a repeated intake study, chronic exposure influenced CFs, although regression analysis did not yield similar findings.ConclusionsAlthough eBECs can be derived, critical variables vary with subject and test conditions and do not always concur with results of regression analyses. Although, not designed to replace assessment of BECs when sample collection is possible, the CF approach may prove useful when estimating BECs in studies where assessments are not feasible.

A Statistical Approach to Improve Wafer Fabrication Yield

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nael Barakat ◽  
Hesham Enshasy
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Wafer Fabrication ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Cost Cutting ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Industrial Problem

In spite of the recent advancements in wafer fabrication techniques, devices are still being individually checked and modified. This is due to the fact that the general manufacturing processes involved in wafer production have their inherent inconsistencies. As a consequence, individual devices show differences in characteristics that would render a big group of them operating out of the range of the pre-set spec limits. Therefore they would require types of modifications specific to the individual device. Knowing that the resources spent on checking and eliminating out-of-spec devices before they reach the customer are very significant, the manufacturing operation becomes hardly profitable. These wafers normally carry devices in the range of a thousand or so, making a statistical approach very attractive. In this paper, an actual industrial problem in wafer fabrication to the desired specifications is presented. The problem shows in passive filters built using Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) theory. A solution considering a statistical process control approach to the population of devices on the wafer is proposed. The results of applying this solution are realized in significant product yield increase, huge cost cutting, and automation promotion and application.

scholarly journals Wearable Potentiometric Sensors for Medical Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cuartero ◽  
Marc Parrilla ◽  
Gaston Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Sport Performance ◽  
Medical Utilization ◽  
Potentiometric Sensors ◽  
Sensor Calibration ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Wearable potentiometric sensors have received considerable attention owing to their great potential in a wide range of physiological and clinical applications, particularly involving ion detection in sweat. Despite the significant progress in the manner that potentiometric sensors are integrated in wearable devices, in terms of materials and fabrication approaches, there is yet plenty of room for improvement in the strategy adopted for the sample collection. Essentially, this involves a fluidic sampling cell for continuous sweat analysis during sport performance or sweat accumulation via iontophoresis induction for one-spot measurements in medical settings. Even though the majority of the reported papers from the last five years describe on-body tests of wearable potentiometric sensors while the individual is practicing a physical activity, the medical utilization of these devices has been demonstrated on very few occasions and only in the context of cystic fibrosis diagnosis. In this sense, it may be important to explore the implementation of wearable potentiometric sensors into the analysis of other biofluids, such as saliva, tears and urine, as herein discussed. While the fabrication and uses of wearable potentiometric sensors vary widely, there are many common issues related to the analytical characterization of such devices that must be consciously addressed, especially in terms of sensor calibration and the validation of on-body measurements. After the assessment of key wearable potentiometric sensors reported over the last five years, with particular attention paid to those for medical applications, the present review offers tentative guidance regarding the characterization of analytical performance as well as analytical and clinical validations, thereby aiming at generating debate in the scientific community to allow for the establishment of well-conceived protocols.

VP07 Collaboratively Modelling The Impact Of Interventions Retrospectively

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
Gordon Bache ◽  
Sukh Tatla ◽  
Deborah Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Real Data ◽  
System Level ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Total Saving ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION:A conventional approach to communicating value is to model the budget impact of a medicine and the associated formulations in which it is available to be prescribed. However, such an approach does not demonstrate the actual realization of the proposed impact. This abstract outlines an approach to presenting retrospective data back to healthcare professionals (HCP) that blends assumptions and real-world data. For illustrative purposes, we present the results of an application of the model for subcutaneously delivered trastuzumab in an anonymized trust in Yorkshire and Humber.METHODS:The authors developed a model that examined one calendar year (from April 2014) of redistributed sales data for both the intravenous and subcutaneous formulations of trastuzumab for every National Health Service (NHS) trust in England. A series of baseline assumptions (1) were used to model the resource impact of different formulations such as chair time, HCP time, pharmacy preparation time, consumables, wastage, and other considerations. Impacts were estimated at the individual attendance level and scaled to the caseload. These baseline assumptions could then be overwritten by the individual trust using local data.RESULTS:The site delivered approximately 985 doses of subcutaneous trastuzumab over a period of 12 months from April 2014, which represented about 76 percent of the total number of doses delivered. Chair time is estimated to have reduced by 22 minutes per attendance, resulting in a total saving of 361hours. HCP administration time is estimated to have reduced by 23 minutes per attendance, resulting in a total saving of 378 hours based on changing 985 IV doses to SC therapy.CONCLUSIONS:Blending real data and assumptions to provide a retrospective assessment of actual benefits realized back to HCPs is a powerful tool for demonstrating real-world value at both an individual trust and system level.

scholarly journals Nature as an Ecological Asset for Positive Youth Development: Empirical Evidence From Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond P. Bowers ◽  
Lincoln R. Larson ◽  
Benjamin J. Parry
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Positive Youth Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Connection To Nature ◽  
School Students ◽  
Recreation Opportunities ◽  
The Individual

Despite increasing emphasis on youth contact with nature and associated benefits, research has not examined the direct relationship between adolescents' nature-based experiences and holistic measures of positive youth development (PYD). This gap may stem from the lack of interdisciplinary work on nature and PYD. Our study integrates multiple disciplinary perspectives to explore direct associations between time in nature, connection to nature, and the five Cs of PYD (competence, connection, confidence, character, and caring) as well as the “sixth” C of contribution. From 2015 to 2016, we collected data from 587 diverse South Carolina middle school students (57% female, 40% BIPOC) between the ages of 11 and 14 (Mage = 12.9) and living in predominantly low-income communities. OLS regression analyses indicated that across all youth, self-reported connection to nature was a consistent positive correlate of overall PYD and each of the individual Cs. Time in nature was associated with overall PYD and competence. Findings demonstrate significant associations between nature-based experiences and PYD and underscore the importance of ensuring that diverse youth can access and enjoy the developmental benefits of nature and nature-based recreation opportunities.

scholarly journals Predicting the individual probability of macular hole closure following intravitreal ocriplasmin injections for vitreomacular traction release using baseline characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bertelmann ◽  
Lars Berndzen ◽  
Thomas Raber ◽  
Sebastian Pfeiffer ◽  
Andreas Leha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Hole ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Vitreomacular Traction ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Epiretinal Membranes ◽  
Individual Probability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hole Closure

AbstractThe primary objective was to create and establish a new formula that predicts the individual probability of macular hole closure for eyes with full thickness macular holes (FTMH) accompanied by vitreomacular traction (VMT) which received enzymatic vitreolysis using intravitreally administered ocriplasmin. The secondary objective was to evaluate the forecast reliability of a previously published formula for VMT resolution in VMT-only eyes (OddsIVO-Success = eIntercept × ORyears × ORln(µm); ProbabilityIVO-Success = OddsIVO-Success/(OddsIVO-Success + 1)) on VMT resolution using the current dataset of eyes with FTMH accompanied by VMT. Retrospective analysis of the OASIS, ORBIT, and INJECT-studies. Patients with FTMH and VMT with complete information (n = 213) were included. The effect of gender, age, FTMH diameter, lens status and the presence of epiretinal membranes (ERM) on FTMH closure was assessed using separate univariate logistic regression analyses. With regard to VMT release separate univariate regression analyses were carried out and results were compared with formerly published data of VMT resolution in eyes with VMT only. Overall, 126 eyes (63%) experienced VMT resolution within 28 days. Younger age (p < 0.0001) and VMT diameter (p = 0.041) had a significant impact on VMT release. Overall, 81 eyes (38%) treated with ocriplasmin showed FTMH closure within 28 days. Univariate analysis of the different predictors analyzed revealed that FTMH diameter < 250 µm had a significant impact on treatment success (p = 0.0495). It was not possible to calculate and establish a new multivariate formula that can predict the individual FTMH closure probability for eyes with FTMHs and VMT. However, the results of VMT release prediction in eyes with FTMHs accompanied by VMT matched the prediction of VMT release in eyes with VMT only when using the previously published formula. All in all, predictors for calculating the individual probability of VMT resolution on the one hand and FTMH closure on the other hand are different suggesting diverse pathophysiological mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Image of the Lithuanian Intellectual in the Youth Magazine Aušrinė (1910–1914)

Lituanistica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mastianica-Stankevič
Keyword(s):  
Social Activism ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Collective Thinking

The magazine Aušrinė was intended for the young generation of the Lithuanian intelligentsia and as it was created by the representatives of this generation it allowed understanding of the collective thinking of this group of society. In the first half of the twentieth century, the young generation of the Lithuanian intelligentsia defined the intelligentsia not so much by formal characteristics as by its cultural, and, more precisely, by its national role. The collaborators of Aušrinė were convinced that the future of the Lithuanian national movement and the Lithuanian nation depended on the intelligentsia and its role. However, unlike other periodicals of the time, the editors of this magazine mostly focused not on the dissemination of ideas of Lithuanian nationalism, but looked for ways to strengthen social activism of the intellectuals, their relations with the homeland and with other sections of society. It was the environment of Aušrinė that tied student summer holidays to learning about regions, history, and culture of Lithuania, encouraged students to actively participate in the activities of farming societies, enlightenment societies, and to bring together local youth societies. In parallel, this magazine addressed the issue of the harmonisation of the individual needs of the intelligentsia and the community needs. Among other things, the collaborators of Aušrinė claimed that the Lithuanian intellectuals would not be able to properly perform their social functions unless they cared more about the nurturing of individuality: moral self-development and intellectual education. By introducing the column “Educational Affairs”, the editors of this magazine provided a list of literature recommended to the students, knowing that it would help the young generation of the Lithuanian intelligentsia “to seriously, consciously, and consistently develop a worldview, to accurately determine the path of an active life”. The discussion in the magazine Aušrinė shows that in the vision of the nation’s future, the young generation of the Lithuanian intelligentsia encouraged regarding women not only as wives and mothers in order to implement projects of the national intelligent family, but as partners in social activities. The editors of the magazine emphasized the need for women’s participation in the process of building a national intelligentsia and encouraged them to be socially active.

scholarly journals Effect of remifentanil infusion on the hemodynamic response during induction of anesthesia in hypertensive and normotensive patients: a prospective observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 6254-6267
Author(s):  
Soo Kyung Lee ◽  
Mi Ae Jeong ◽  
Jeong Min Sung ◽  
Hyo Jin Yeon ◽  
Ji Hee Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Remifentanil Infusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Post Intubation ◽  
Time Point

Background The induction of general anesthesia may cause hemodynamic instability. Remifentanil is often administered to suppress the hemodynamic response. We aimed to evaluate the effect of remifentanil infusion on the hemodynamic response to induction of anesthesia in hypertensive and normotensive patients. Methods Patients were divided into two groups: Group H (n = 102) were hypertensive patients and Group C (n = 107) were normotensive patients. During induction, all patients received 1 µg/kg of remifentanil as a loading dose over 2 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.05 µg/kg/minute. We analyzed the systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures and heart rate pre-induction, pre-intubation, immediately post-intubation, and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes after intubation. Results The systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures before induction were significantly higher in group H compared with group C, but there was no significant difference between the two groups immediately after intubation. Blood pressures immediately after intubation were similar to the pre-induction blood pressure. There was no significant difference in heart rate between the two groups at any time point. Conclusions Remifentanil infusion effectively attenuates the hemodynamic response to induction of general anesthesia in hypertensive and normotensive patients.

scholarly journals Histological Comparison of Testicular Needle Biopsy and En Bloc Samples in Abattoir Calves

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Maike Rohländer ◽  
Henning Otzen ◽  
Kristina Rode ◽  
Klaus Jung ◽  
Marion Schmicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
En Bloc Resection ◽  
Bloc Resection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The aim of this study was to test whether a single testicular needle biopsy could provide histological results comparable to en bloc resection histology and whether one biopsy was sufficient to reflect the histology of an entire pair of testicles. Two methods of sample collection were tested on 32 bull calves aged five to eight months to compare histological parameters of needle biopsy with those of en bloc resection samples. One testicular needle biopsy of the right and three en bloc samples of both testicles were collected and compared for the number of tubular cross sections, tubules with elongated spermatids (ES), outer/inner diameter of tubules, thickness of tubular wall, and number of Sertoli cells (SC). Additionally, animal data were considered. No significant differences were found between the left and right testis or among the individual locations of en bloc samples. However, histologically significant differences (Bonferroni-adjusted significance level: p < 0.05/6 = 0.0083) were found between the needle biopsy and en bloc resection regarding the tubular cross sections per visual field (p < 0.05), the outer (p = 0.01) and inner diameter and the thickness of the tubular wall (both p < 0.01). In the SOX9 immunohistochemical staining, no significant differences (p > 0.05) could be observed for SC numbers between needle biopsy and en bloc samples. In conclusion, results of testicular needle biopsy do not have the same validity as the en bloc resection histology. Furthermore, one biopsy is insufficient to reflect the histology of the entire testicular pair.

Exploring Life Instability’s Relationship to the Mental Health of Older Adults With HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
Audrey Harkness ◽  
Gail Ironson ◽  
Cho-Hee Shrader ◽  
Dustin Duncan ◽  
Steven Safren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Instability Index ◽  
Community Clinic ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The study is one of the first to examine both the prevalence of life instability among older adults with HIV (OAWH) in a community clinic and its relationship to their mental health. OAWH (N=623) from a community medical clinic completed an interviewer-administered assessment (English/Spanish) which included an additive Life Instability Index (LII) composed of indicators at the individual (e.g. education, housing instability, employment status) and community (e.g. poverty, transportation) levels. Participants were a mean age of 60 years (SD = 5.90) with the majority identifying as Black-non-Hispanic (65.9%), cisgender male (60.8%), and heterosexual (80.6%). Participants reported an average of 6.08 destabilizing factors (SD = 1.44). In multiple linear regression analyses LII was significantly related to increased substance use among participants (b= 0.08, p &lt; 0.01), but not with anxiety or depression. An LII is an innovative approach to assess the relationship between OAWH’s mental health and social determinants of health.

scholarly journals Estimation of Fitness of Normal and Stylopized Paddy Pest, White Leafhopper Cofana spectra (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in West Bengal, India through Correlation of Life History Traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S13029
Author(s):  
Sangita Mitra ◽  
Rupa Harsha ◽  
Niladri Hazra ◽  
Abhijit Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The assessment of the morphological and reproductive features of white rice leafhopper Cofana spectra (Distant) was carried out using selected characters that bear importance in determining the fitness at the individual and population levels. Morphometric measurements of the individuals reared in the laboratory as normal and stylopized with the strepsipteran parasitoid, Halictophagus australensis Perkins, were recorded and analyzed. A t-test was performed to justify whether parasitization by H. australensis affected the traits. Correlations and regression analyses were carried out to deduce the difference in relative importance of the morphological features in the life history of C. spectra and their variation because of stylopization by H. australensis. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on the morphometric data to further substantiate the difference observed in the traits. In case of stylopized white leafhopper (WLH), fecundity was inhibited almost completely irrespective of seasons. The effect of stylopization on the life history traits of C. spectra has been noted that supports its possible use in biocontrol.

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