scholarly journals TrackUSF, a novel methodology for automated analysis of ultrasonic vocalizations, reveals modified social communication in a rat model of autism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Netser ◽  
Guy Nahardiya ◽  
Gili Weiss-Dicker ◽  
Roei Dadush ◽  
Yizhaq Goussha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Social Calls ◽  
Mating Calls ◽  
Time Domains ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Aggressive Calls ◽  
First Time

AbstractRodents emit various social ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which reflect their emotional state and mediate social interaction. USVs are usually analyzed by manual or semi-automated methodologies categorizing discrete USVs according to their structure in the frequency-time domains. This laborious analysis hinders effective use of USVs for screening animal models of human pathologies associated with modified social behavior, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we present a novel, automated methodology for analyzing USVs, termed TrackUSF. To validate TrackUSF, we analyzed a dataset of mouse mating calls and compared the results with a manual analysis by a trained observer. We found that TrackUSF was capable of detecting most USVs, with less than 1% of false-positive detections. We then employed TrackUSF to social vocalizations in Shank3-deficient rats, a rat model of ASD and found, for the first time, that these vocalizations exhibit a spectrum of deviations from pro-social calls towards aggressive calls.

scholarly journals Anti-Rheumatic Effect of Antisense Oligonucleotide Cytos-11 Targeting TNF-α Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Tatyana P. Makalish ◽  
Ilya O. Golovkin ◽  
Volodymyr V. Oberemok ◽  
Kateryna V. Laikova ◽  
Zenure Z. Temirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotide ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
First Time

The urgency of the search for inexpensive and effective drugs with localized action for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis continues unabated. In this study, for the first time we investigated the Cytos-11 antisense oligonucleotide suppression of TNF-α gene expression in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant. Cytos-11 has been shown to effectively reduce peripheral blood concentrations of TNF-α, reduce joint inflammation, and reduce pannus development. The results achieved following treatment with the antisense oligonucleotide Cytos-11 were similar to those of adalimumab (Humira®); they also compared favorably with those results, which provides evidence of the promise of drugs based on antisense technologies in the treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals Domain Adaptation Using a Three-Way Decision Improves the Identification of Autism Patients from Multisite fMRI Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Chunlei Shi ◽  
Xianwei Xin ◽  
Jiacai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Domain Adaptation ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Sample Distribution ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
First Time

Machine learning methods are widely used in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. Due to the lack of labelled ASD data, multisite data are often pooled together to expand the sample size. However, the heterogeneity that exists among different sites leads to the degeneration of machine learning models. Herein, the three-way decision theory was introduced into unsupervised domain adaptation in the first time, and applied to optimize the pseudolabel of the target domain/site from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) features related to ASD patients. The experimental results using multisite fMRI data show that our method not only narrows the gap of the sample distribution among domains but is also superior to the state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods in ASD recognition. Specifically, the ASD recognition accuracy of the proposed method is improved on all the six tasks, by 70.80%, 75.41%, 69.91%, 72.13%, 71.01% and 68.85%, respectively, compared with the existing methods.

The Mechanics of the Secondary Flows of Viscoelastic Fluids in Non-Circular Straight Tubes and the Mean Transversal Field in Pulsating Flows

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Siginer ◽  
Mario F. Letelier
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Viscoelastic Fluids ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Transversal Field ◽  
Time Domains ◽  
Viscoelastic Liquids ◽  
First Time ◽  
Secondary Flow Field

Abstract A survey of secondary flows of viscoelastic liquids in straight tubes is given including recent work pointing at striking analogies with transversal deformations associated with the simple shearing of solid materials. The importance and implications of secondary flows of viscoelastic fluids in heat transfer enhancement are explored together with the difficulties in detecting weak secondary flows (dilute, weakly viscoelastic solutions) in a laboratory setting. Recent new work by the author and colleagues which explores for the first time the structure of the secondary flow field in the pulsating flow of a constitutively nonlinear simple fluid, whose structure is defined by a series of nested integrals over semi-infinite time domains, in straight tubes of arbitrary cross-sections is summarized. The transversal field arises at the second order of the perturbation of the nonlinear constitutive structure, and is driven by first order terms which define the linearly viscoelastic longitudinal flow in the hierarchy of superposed linear flows stemming from the perturbation of the constitutive structure. Arbitrary conduit contours are obtained through a novel approach to the concept of domain perturbation. Time averaged, mean secondary flow streamline contours are presented for the first time for triangular, square and hexagonal pipes.

scholarly journals A comparison of the Mouse Song Analyzer and DeepSqueak ultrasonic vocalization analysis systems in C57BL/6J, FVB.129, and FVB mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S Binder ◽  
Zachary P Pranske ◽  
Joaquin N Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalization ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Similar Quantity ◽  
Analysis System

Vocal communication is an essential behavior in mammals and is relevant to human neurodevelopmental conditions. Mice produce communicative vocalizations, known as ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), that can be recorded with various programs. The Mouse Song Analyzer is an automated analysis system, while DeepSqueak is a semi-automated system. We used data from C57BL/6J, FVB.129, and FVB mice to compare whether the DeepSqueak and Mouse Song Analyzer systems measure a similar total number, duration, and fundamental frequency of USVs. We found that the two systems detected a similar quantity of USVs for FVB.129 mice (r= .90, p< .001), but displayed lower correlations for C57BL/6J (r= .76, p< .001) and FVB mice (r= .60, p< .001). We also found that DeepSqueak detected significantly more USVs for C57BL/6J mice than the Mouse Song Analyzer. The two systems detected a similar duration of USVs for C57BL/6J (r= .82, p< .001), but lower correlations for FVB.129 (r= .13, p< .001) and FVB mice (r= .51, p< .01) were found, with DeepSqueak detecting significantly more USVs per each strain. We found lower than acceptable correlations for fundamental frequency in C57BL/6J (r= .54, p< .01), FVB.129 (r= .76, p< .001), and FVB mice (r= .07, p= .76), with the Mouse Song Analyzer detecting a significantly higher fundamental frequency for FVB.129 mice. These findings demonstrate that the strain of mouse used significantly affects the number, duration, and fundamental frequency of USVs that are detected between programs. Overall, we found that DeepSqueak is more accurate than the Mouse Song Analyzer.

scholarly journals Fleeting: a Novel Ultrasonic Vocalization in Mice That Allows to Define Altered Developmental Milestones in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Ferreira ◽  
Sofia Santos ◽  
João Martins ◽  
Miguel Castelo-Branco ◽  
Joana Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Communication Impairments ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Time Point

Abstract A major mode of rodent communication occurs through ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which are influenced by environmental factors, mouse strain or genetic background and, importantly, by developmental stage. However, few studies have looked into the age-dependent evolution of spectral features of mouse USVs. Here, we report the existence of a novel vocalization, previously unreported, which we named “Fleeting” consisting of two acoustic elements produced with a narrow silent temporal interval between them. Strikingly, this vocalization pattern was extinguished after the second postnatal week, and this temporal pattern was associated with increased emission of Complex vocalizations, by gradual loss of the inter-element interval, suggesting a maturation process occurring at this time point. Importantly, the Fleeting vocalization was analyzed in a mouse model (Tsc2+/-) of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and showed an abnormal persistence, in particular in females which presented delayed conversion of Fleeting into Complex vocalizations compared with males. The identification of this novel vocalization represents an important insight into the maturation of mouse vocal repertoire and may be used as a developmental milestone in studies on neurodevelopmental disorders with communication impairments.

scholarly journals Відходи вирощування представників роду ехінацея (Echinacea Moench) як перспективне джерело біологічно активних речовин

2013 ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
С. В. Шершова
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Echinacea Pallida ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Substances

Проведено експериментальне обґрунтування біо-конверсії відходів вирощування (полови) ехінацеїпурпурової (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) таехінацеї блідої (Echinacea pallida (Nutt) Nutt.).Доведена висока активність екстрактів полови зехінацеї пурпурової, що проявлялася у стимуляціїросту тест-культури. Встановлено, що найвищустимулюючу активність мають екстракти поло-ви ехінацеї пурпурової: водні за концентрації0,01 %, спиртові – 0,01–0,001 %; до того ж іззбільшенням концентрації спирту в екстрактахзнижувалась їх активність. Вперше встановлено,що полова ехінацеї містить специфічні білки –лектини, активність яких у відходах ехінацеї блі-дої значно перевищувала ехінацею пурпурову. Роз-роблено технологічні схеми отримання лектинівта екстрактів біологічно активних речовин із від-ходів вирощування (полови) для їх ефективноговикористовування. The experimental foundation bioconversion of waste product of growing (chaff), purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) and pale coneflower (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.) was to carriedout. The high activity of extracts of coneflower chaff, which had growth-stimulating effect to the testculture, was proved. Found that the highest stimulating activity has the extract of chaff purpleconeflowers: aqueous solution at concentrations of 0.01 %, alcohol-0.01 %-0.001 % and with increasingconcentration of alcohol in the extracts decreased their activity. For the first time it has been shown thatchaff of Echinacea contains specific proteins - lectins, and their activity in the waste product of paleconeflower significantly exceeded then activity in the waste product of purple coneflower. Technologicalschemes to get of lectins and extracts of biologically active substances from waste growing product(chaff), was worked out for their effective use.

scholarly journals Evolution of Metastable Structures at Bimetallic Surfaces from Microscopy and Machine-Learning Molecular Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Soo Lim ◽  
Jonathan Vandermause ◽  
Matthijs A. van Spronsen ◽  
Albert Musaelian ◽  
Yu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Surface Restructuring ◽  
Bimetallic Systems ◽  
Metastable Structures ◽  
Mechanistic Investigation ◽  
First Time

Restructuring of interfaces plays a crucial role in materials science and heterogeneous catalysis. Bimetallic systems, in particular, often adopt very different composition and morphology at surfaces compared to the bulk. For the first time, we reveal a detailed atomistic picture of long-timescale restructuring of Pd deposited on Ag, using microscopy, spectroscopy, and novel simulation methods. By developing and performing accelerated machine-learning molecular dynamics followed by an automated analysis method, we discover and characterize previously unidentified surface restructuring mechanisms in an unbiased fashion, including Pd-Ag place exchange and Ag pop-out, as well as step ascent and descent. Remarkably, layer-by-layer dissolution of Pd into Ag is always preceded by an encapsulation of Pd islands by Ag, resulting in a significant migration of Ag out of the surface and a formation of extensive vacancy pits within a period of microseconds. These metastable structures are of vital catalytic importance, as Ag-encapsulated Pd remains much more accessible to reactants than bulk-dissolved Pd. Our approach is broadly applicable to complex multimetallic systems and enables the previously intractable mechanistic investigation of restructuring dynamics at atomic resolution.

scholarly journals Contributions by RG Giovanelli to the Study of Magnetic Field Structures

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
W Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Solar Surface ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
Processing System ◽  
National Observatory ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
First Time

R. G. Giovanelli was appointed as a Visiting Scientist at Kitt Peak National Observatory for six months in both 1975 and 1979, and then for an entire year in 1981. These times proved fruitful to him as well as to the Observatory. The Vacuum Telescope and its 512-channel magnetograph had been completed and were operational. Complementing this was a new powerful 2D image analysis machine called the Interactive Picture Processing System (IPPS). For the first time, solar surface features could be quantitatively observed, usually to a seeing limited resolution composed of arcsec pixels, and then readily analysed as pictures. As is often the case, those who built the instruments remained preoccupied with their perfection, and it fell to Giovanelli to put these new tools to effective use. He did this in a series of research efforts reviewed in the present paper. Happily, he drew many of us in Tucson into his projects, injecting us with enthusiasm and enlarging our knowledge of solar physics in the process.

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