scholarly journals Multivariate pattern classification on BOLD activation pattern induced by deep brain stimulation in motor, associative, and limbic brain networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinho Cho ◽  
Hoon-Ki Min ◽  
William S. Gibson ◽  
Myung-Ho In ◽  
Kendall H. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Pattern Classifier

ABSTRACTFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) concurrently conducted with the deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown that diffuse BOLD activation occurred not only near stimulation locus, but in multiple brain networks, supporting that network-wide modulation would underlie its therapeutic effect. While the extent and pattern of activation varies depending on specific anatomical locus stimulated by DBS, some stimulation targets could induce similar activation pattern in cerebral cortex, albeit different therapeutic and adverse effects were yielded.In order to characterize the unique network-level activation effects of three DBS targets (subthalamic nucleus, the globus pallidus internus, and the nucleus accumbens), we trained the pattern classifier with DBS-fMRI data from three stimulation groups (21 healthy swine), wherein five six seconds of electrical stimulation was conducted while gradient-echo echo planar imaging was on going. Then whole brain regions were systematically grouped into different size of network-of-interest and the classification accuracy for individual target region was quantitatively assessed. We demonstrated that the pattern classifier could successfully differentiate BOLD activation pattern of cortical and subcortical brain regions originated from each individual stimulation target. Moreover, the success rate of classification indicated that some brain regions evoked indistinguishable BOLD pattern, suggesting the presence of commonly activated regions, which was influenced by stimulating different DBS targets.Our results provide an understanding of the biomarker of BOLD pattern that is associated with clinical effectiveness as well as an adverse effect associated to the stimulation. Further, we provide the proof-of-concept for multivariate pattern analysis that is capable of disentangling the complicated BOLD activation pattern, which cannot be readily achieved by a conventional univariate analysis.

Evaluating and Optimizing Dentato-Rubro-Thalamic-Tract Deterministic Tractography in Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Bot ◽  
Anne-Fleur van Rootselaari ◽  
Vincent Odekerken ◽  
Joke Dijk ◽  
Rob M A de Bie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ventral Intermediate Nucleus ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND Dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT) deep brain stimulation (DBS) suppresses tremor in essential tremor (ET) patients. However, DRT depiction through tractography can vary depending on the included brain regions. Moreover, it is unclear which section of the DRT is optimal for DBS. OBJECTIVE To evaluate deterministic DRT tractography and tremor control in DBS for ET. METHODS After DBS surgery, DRT tractography was conducted in 37 trajectories (20 ET patients). Per trajectory, 5 different DRT depictions with various regions of interest (ROI) were constructed. Comparison resulted in a DRT depiction with highest correspondence to intraoperative tremor control. This DRT depiction was subsequently used for evaluation of short-term postoperative adverse and beneficial effects. RESULTS Postoperative optimized DRT tractography employing the ROI motor cortex, posterior subthalamic area (PSA), and ipsilateral superior cerebellar peduncle and dentate nucleus best corresponded with intraoperative trajectories (92%) and active DBS contacts (93%) showing optimal tremor control. DRT tractography employing a red nucleus or ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) ROI often resulted in a more medial course. Optimal stimulation was located in the section between VIM and PSA. CONCLUSION This optimized deterministic DRT tractography strongly correlates with optimal tremor control. This technique is readily implementable for prospective evaluation in DBS target planning for ET.

scholarly journals Full activation pattern mapping by simultaneous deep brain stimulation and fMRI with graphene fiber electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Zhao ◽  
Gen Li ◽  
Chuanjun Tong ◽  
Wenjing Chen ◽  
Puxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Full Activation ◽  
Deep Brain

Correction of medial prefrontal cortex and adrenal gland left/right imbalance by deep brain stimulation for depression in rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukitoshi Sakaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Depression Disorders ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Deep Brain

Hemispheric brain asymmetries are related to stress coping in both humans and rodents, and imbalanced neural activity between the left and right medial prefrontal cortexes (mPFCs) is observed in depression disorders. Brain stimulation of the PFC is effective to cure depression symptoms. We therefore hypothesized that the imbalanced activity of the mPFCs as well as depression-like behaviors can be induced by chronic stress in rats, and that deep brain stimulation (DBS) can treat such behavior by correcting the asymmetrical activity of the brain regions. Our results indeed show that chronic stress exposure by social isolation (SI) causes depression-like behavior and left/right mPFC activity changes. SI suppressed the activity of both the prelimbic and the infralimbic cortex; however, the extent of the suppression in these regions was oppositely asymmetric. Two weeks of DBS recovered the depression-like behavior and corrected the imbalanced brain activity. In addition, original weight differences between the left and right adrenal glands (AGs) were decreased by SI and recovered by DBS. The integrated index obtained from the mPFCs and AGs asymmetry scores could be useful for estimating the degree of depression. In conclusion, DBS can recover depression-like behavior accompanied by correcting imbalances in both the mPFCs and the AGs.

scholarly journals Uncovering the underlying mechanisms and whole-brain dynamics of therapeutic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M Saenger ◽  
Joshua Kahan ◽  
Tom Foltynie ◽  
Karl Friston ◽  
Tipu Z Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Deep Brain

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease is a highly effective treatment in controlling otherwise debilitating symptoms yet the underlying brain mechanisms are currently not well understood. We used whole-brain computational modeling to disclose the effects of DBS ON and OFF during collection of resting state fMRI in ten Parkinson's Disease patients. Specifically, we explored the local and global impact of DBS in creating asynchronous, stable or critical oscillatory conditions using a supercritical bifurcation model. We found that DBS shifts the global brain dynamics of patients nearer to that of healthy people by significantly changing the bifurcation parameters in brain regions implicated in Parkinson's Disease. We also found higher communicability and coherence brain measures during DBS ON compared to DBS OFF. Finally, by modeling stimulation we identified possible novel DBS targets. These results offer important insights into the underlying effects of DBS, which may in time offer a route to more efficacious treatments.

scholarly journals Parkinson patients have a presynaptic serotonergic deficit: A dynamic deep brain stimulation PET study

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2098238
Author(s):  
Louise M Jørgensen ◽  
Tove Henriksen ◽  
Skirmante Mardosiene ◽  
Sune H Keller ◽  
Dea S Stenbæk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Serotonin System ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Deep Brain

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often suffer from non-motor symptoms, which may be caused by serotonergic dysfunction. Apart from alleviating the motor symptoms, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may also influence non-motor symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate how turning DBS off affects the serotonergic system. We here exploit a novel functional PET neuroimaging methodology to evaluate the preservation of serotonergic neurons and capacity to release serotonin. We measured cerebral 5-HT1BR binding in 13 DBS-STN treated PD patients, at baseline and after turning DBS off. Ten age-matched volunteers served as controls. Clinical measures of motor symptoms were assessed under the two conditions and correlated to the PET measures of the static and dynamic integrity of the serotonergic system. PD patients exhibited a significant loss of frontal and parietal 5-HT1BR, and the loss was significantly correlated to motor symptom severity. We saw a corresponding release of serotonin, but only in brain regions with preserved 5-HT1BR, suggesting the presence of a presynaptic serotonergic deficit. Our study demonstrates that DBS-STN dynamically regulates the serotonin system in PD, and that preservation of serotonergic functions may be predictive of DBS-STN effects.

scholarly journals Electrodes in the brain: Some anthropological and ethical aspects of deep brain stimulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hildt
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Treatment Refractory ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Brain

In the following text, medical, anthropological and ethical issues of deep brain stimulation, a medical technology in which electrodes implanted in the human brain electrically influence specified brain regions, will be discussed. After a brief account of the deep brain stimulation procedure and its chances and risks, anthropological and ethical aspects of the approach will be discussed. These relate to the reversibility of the procedure and to the patient?s capacity to control the effects it exerts in the brain, to modifications and fluctuations in a person?s character traits and individuality brought about by neurostim ulation, an d to the range of legitim ate, adequate uses of the deep brain stimulation approach. The paper concludes that deep brain stimulation should be confined to therapeutic contexts and to severe, otherwise treatment-refractory disorders in which the aim is to norm alize brain fun ctioning. A part from this, it sh ould not be used to m odify a person?s individ ual character traits and behaviour or to enhance human traits.

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