scholarly journals Effects of a rifampicin pre-treatment on linezolid pharmacokinetics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiyasu Okazaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsuji ◽  
Yoshihiro Seto ◽  
Chika Ogami ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Microsomal Enzymes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractLinezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic that effectively treats methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). Since rifampicin induces other antibiotic effects, it is combined with linezolid in therapeutic regimes. However, linezolid blood concentrations are reduced by this combination, which increases the risk of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We herein demonstrated that the combination of linezolid with rifampicin inhibited its absorption and promoted its elimination, but not through microsomal enzymes. Our results indicate that the combination of linezolid with rifampicin reduces linezolid blood concentrations via metabolic enzymes.

The impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on ENT practice

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 713-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
I J Nixon ◽  
B J G Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasingly common and present a major problem for the modern day ENT surgeon. This article reviews the development of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and how it has come to affect ENT practice. We look at the evidence behind measures taken to help deal with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to prevent its spread. We go on to suggest a departmental guideline for infection control, which we hope can be implemented to help deal with the problems created by MRSA.

Particle-based immunochemical separation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus with indirect electrochemical detection of labeling oligonucleotides

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (25) ◽  
pp. 5123-5128 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cihalova ◽  
D. Hegerova ◽  
S. Dostalova ◽  
P. Jelinkova ◽  
L. Krejcova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Timely Treatment

Early detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing inflammation in patients is a key for an appropriate and timely treatment.

Chlorhexidine Resistance in Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Isolated From the Surfaces of Dispensers of Soap Containing Chlorhexidine

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 692-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Brooks ◽  
Mary A. Walczak ◽  
Rizwanullah Hameed ◽  
Patrick Coonan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

AbstractBacterial contamination with pan-resistant Acinetobacter and Klebsiella, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was noted on the surfaces of dispensers of hand soap with 2% chlorhexidine. Gram-negative isolates could multiply in the presence of 1% chlorhexidine. In contrast, MRSA was inhibited in vitro by chlorhexidine at concentrations as low as 0.0019%.

scholarly journals Mursamacin: a novel class of antibiotics from soil-dwelling roundworms of Central Kenya that inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Musumba Awori ◽  
Peter Njenga Ng'ang'a ◽  
Lorine Nanjala Nyongesa ◽  
Nelson Onzere Amugune
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
Central Kenya

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, also called “superbugs”, can at worst retrogress modern medicine to an era where even sore throats resulted in death. A solution is the development of novel types of antibiotics from untapped natural sources. Yet, no new class of antibiotic has been developed in clinical medicine in the last 30 years. Here, bacteria from insect-killingSteinernemaroundworms in the soils of Central Kenya were isolated and subjected to specific molecular identification. These were then assayed for production of antibiotic compounds with potential to treat methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusinfections. The bacteria were identified asXenorhabdus griffiniaeand produced cell free supernatants that inhibitedS. aureus. Fermenting the bacteria for 4 days yielded a heat stable anti-staphylococcal class of compounds that at low concentrations also inhibited methicillin-resistantS. aureus. This class contained two major compounds whose identity remains unknown. ThusX. griffinaeisolated fromSteinernemaroundworms in Kenya have antimicrobial potential and may herald novel and newly sourced potential medicines for treatment of the world’s most prevalent antibiotic resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Mursamacin: a novel class of antibiotics from soil-dwelling roundworms of Central Kenya that inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Ryan Musumba Awori ◽  
Peter Njenga Ng'ang'a ◽  
Lorine Nanjala Nyongesa ◽  
Nelson Onzere Amugune ◽  
Daniel Masiga
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
Central Kenya

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, also called “superbugs”, can at worst retrogress modern medicine to an era where even sore throats resulted in death. A solution is the development of novel types of antibiotics from untapped natural sources. Yet, no new class of antibiotic has been developed in clinical medicine in the last 30 years. Here, bacteria from insect-killing Steinernema roundworms found in the soils of Central Kenya were isolated and subjected to specific molecular identification. These were then assayed for production of antibiotic compounds with potential to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. The bacteria were identified as Xenorhabdus griffiniae and produced cell free supernatants that inhibited S. aureus. Fermenting the bacteria for 4 days yielded a heat stable anti-staphylococcal class of compounds that at low concentrations also inhibited methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This class contained two major compounds whose identity remains unknown. Thus X. griffinae isolated from Steinernema roundworms in Kenya have antimicrobial potential and may herald novel and newly sourced potential medicines for treatment of the world’s most prevalent antibiotic resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Herbert Galler ◽  
Josefa Luxner ◽  
Christian Petternel ◽  
Franz F. Reinthaler ◽  
Juliana Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine (n = 71) and broiler (n = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by E. coli from swine (n = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers (n = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital wastewaters: evidence of horizontal spread of antimicrobial resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Kalasseril Girijan ◽  
Devika Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Vana Gene ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Horizontal Spread ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters

Abstract Antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health around the world, but its spread through the aquatic environment has been often overlooked. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital wastewaters and their transmission into public water bodies in Kerala, India. A total of 113 S. aureus were isolated from three hospital effluents in Kerala, India. Standard disc diffusion and the strip method were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration detection. Plasmid-mediated vancomycin resistance was confirmed by plasmid curing and conjugation; resistant genes were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nearly 76% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to β-lactams, chloramphenicol, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and glycopeptide class of antibiotics. Among the vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolates, the prevalence rates of vanA and vanB resistance-encoding genes were 46.5 and 59.3%, respectively. Through the broth mating method, vanA gene was successfully transferred from VRSA donor to vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus. The study strongly indicates the contamination of water bodies with antibiotic-resistant bacteria from hospital discharges, their dissemination and possible transfer to microbes in the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat for public health.

scholarly journals Drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria detection by combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and deep learning techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Uysal Ciloglu ◽  
Abdullah Caliskan ◽  
Ayse Mine Saridag ◽  
Ibrahim Halil Kilic ◽  
Mahmut Tokmakci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman

AbstractOver the past year, the world's attention has focused on combating COVID-19 disease, but the other threat waiting at the door—antimicrobial resistance should not be forgotten. Although making the diagnosis rapidly and accurately is crucial in preventing antibiotic resistance development, bacterial identification techniques include some challenging processes. To address this challenge, we proposed a deep neural network (DNN) that can discriminate antibiotic-resistant bacteria using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Stacked autoencoder (SAE)-based DNN was used for the rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) bacteria using a label-free SERS technique. The performance of the DNN was compared with traditional classifiers. Since the SERS technique provides high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data, some subtle differences were found between MRSA and MSSA in relative band intensities. SAE-based DNN can learn features from raw data and classify them with an accuracy of 97.66%. Moreover, the model discriminates bacteria with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.99. Compared to traditional classifiers, SAE-based DNN was found superior in accuracy and AUC values. The obtained results are also supported by statistical analysis. These results demonstrate that deep learning has great potential to characterize and detect antibiotic-resistant bacteria by using SERS spectral data.

scholarly journals Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Vancomycin-resistant and mecC+ Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Clinical Samples of Bojnurd, Northeastern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Zarghami Moghaddam ◽  
Amir Azimian ◽  
Abbas Akhavan Sepahy ◽  
Alireza Iranbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains is one of the major concerns about the various staphylococcal infections. Vancomycin is one the most important effective antibiotics on staphylococcal lethal infections. To date, vancomycin-resistant strains are increasingly isolated in different parts of the world, and it is alerting. Objectives: The current study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolates in the main tertiary hospital of Bojnurd, Iran. Methods: S. aureus isolates were collected from different clinical samples in Imam Reza Hospital of Bojnurd. After identification of isolates through using conventional methods, they were evaluated by agar screening, disk diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods to determine resistance to vancomycin and methicillin. We also performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of mecA, mecC, vanA, and vanB genes. After confirmation of vancomycin resistance, genetic analysis was performed using SCCmec, agr, and spa typing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods on VRSA isolates. Results: We found four vancomycin-resistant isolates (1.29%). Also, 75% of isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. Using the PCR method, mecA was found in 73%, mecC in 0.64%, and vanA in 1.29% of isolates. Interestingly, we found two mecC positive isolates in MRSA isolates. The alpha-hemolysin (81.81%) and enterotoxin C (27%) had the highest and lowest toxins percentage, respectively. Among mecA positive isolates, SCCmecIV (37%), SCCmecIII (31.27%), SCCmecI (14%), SCCmecII (11%), and SCCmecV (5.7%) were the most prevalent SCCmec types, respectively. It should be noted that the two mecC positive isolates belonged to SCCmecXI. AgrI (76.29%) was the highest agr type. We recognized t037 as the dominant spa type, and ST239, ST6, ST97, and ST8 were found in VRSA isolates. Conclusions: In our study, the frequency of mecA genes in MRSA isolates was very high. It seems that the resistant isolates belonged to endemic clones of Iran.

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