scholarly journals Double UP: efficient in utero electroporation via internal controls

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Taylor ◽  
Justin Carrington ◽  
Kendra L. Taylor ◽  
Karl E. Richters ◽  
Leah R. Gerlach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
In Utero Electroporation ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Novel Approach

In Utero Electroporation is a powerful tool for testing the role of genes in neuronal migration, but this technique suffers from high degrees of variability due to multiple factors. Therefore, we developed Double UP, a novel approach that combines LoxP-flanked reporters and limiting Cre dosages to generate internal controls. This technique allows for more rigorous quantification of migration, while decreasing the number of animals, reagents and time to complete experiments.

Application of in utero electroporation and live imaging in the analyses of neuronal migration during mouse brain development

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki V. Nishimura ◽  
Tomoyasu Shinoda ◽  
Yutaka Inaguma ◽  
Hidenori Ito ◽  
Koh-ichi Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
In Utero Electroporation ◽  
Mouse Brain Development

scholarly journals Role of Nrp1 in controlling cortical interhemispheric circuits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Martín Fernández ◽  
Carlos Garcia Briz ◽  
Marta Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
In Utero ◽  
In Utero Electroporation ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Neuropilin 1

Callosal projections establish topographically organized maps between cortical areas. Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) cortical gradient induces an early segregation of developing callosal axons. We investigated later roles of Nrp1 on the development of callosal projections from layer (L) 2/3 of the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory (SS) areas, which express higher and lower levels of Nrp1, respectively. We used in utero electroporation to knock down or overexpress Nrp1 combined with retrograde tracers, to map connections at postnatal day 16 and 30. High levels of Nrp1 blocked contralateral S2 innervation while promoted the late postnatal growth of homotopic S1L2/3 and heterotopic S2L2/3 branches into S1. Conversely, knocking down Nrp1 increased the growth of heterotopic S1L2/3 projections into S2, and the overall refinement of S2L2/3 branches, thereby diminishing the number of P30 S2L2/3 callosally projecting neurons. Thus, the Nrp1 gradient determines homotopic SSL2/3 callosal connectivity by regulating late postnatal branching and refinement in a topographic manner.

Kir4.1 RNA Interference by In Utero Electroporation Fails to Affect Ictogenesis and Reveals a Possible role of Kir4.1 in Corticogenesis

Neuroscience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Ramona Frida Moroni ◽  
Maria Cristina Regondi ◽  
Marco de Curtis ◽  
Carolina Frassoni ◽  
Laura Librizzi
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
In Utero ◽  
In Utero Electroporation

Nyap1 Regulates Multipolar–Bipolar Transition and Morphology of Migrating Neurons by Fyn Phosphorylation during Corticogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-941
Author(s):  
Shuzhong Wang ◽  
Xuzhao Li ◽  
Qianru Zhang ◽  
Xuejun Chai ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
In Utero Electroporation ◽  
Neuronal Morphogenesis ◽  
Radial Migration ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Cytoskeletal Regulation ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase ◽  
Precise Role

Abstract The coordination of cytoskeletal regulation is a prerequisite for proper neuronal migration during mammalian corticogenesis. Neuronal tyrosine-phosphorylated adaptor for the phosphoinositide 3-kinase 1 (Nyap1) is a member of the Nyap family of phosphoproteins, which has been studied in neuronal morphogenesis and is involved in remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. However, the precise role of Nyap1 in neuronal migration remains unknown. Here, overexpression and knockdown of Nyap1 in the embryonic neocortex of mouse by in utero electroporation-induced abnormal morphologies and multipolar–bipolar transitions of migrating neurons. The level of phosphorylated Nyap1 was crucial for neuronal migration and morphogenesis in neurons. Furthermore, Nyap1 regulated neuronal migration as a downstream target of Fyn, a nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinase that is a member of the Src family of kinases. Importantly, Nyap1 mediated the role of Fyn in the multipolar–bipolar transition of migrating neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that cortical radial migration is regulated by a molecular hierarchy of Fyn via Nyap1.

What's Happening to Profits at Cazenovia Creations?

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Garnsey ◽  
Andrea Hotaling
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Database Query ◽  
Microsoft Access ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Query Tool ◽  
Transaction Level

ABSTRACT In this case, students assume the role of an accounting professional asked by a client to investigate why net income is not as strong as expected. The students must first analyze a set of financial statements to identify areas of possible concern. After determining the areas to investigate, the students use a database query tool to see if they can determine causes by examining transaction level data. Finally, the students are asked to professionally communicate their findings and recommendations to their client. The case provides students with experience in using query-based approaches to answering business questions. It is appropriate for students with basic query and financial analysis skills and knowledge of internal controls. A Microsoft Access database with transaction details for the final seven months of the current year as well as financial statements for the current and prior year are provided.

Exploring the Mechanism of Lingzhu San in Treating Febrile Seizures by Using Network Pharmacology

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Fei Zhang ◽  
Dong-Yan Guo ◽  
Yan-Jun Yang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Potential Core ◽  
R Language ◽  
The Core ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanism

Objective: Lingzhu San (LZS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription which can be effective in treating febrile seizures (FS) and has few researches on the mechanisms. In order to better guide the clinical use of LZS, we used the research ideas and methods of network pharmacology to find the potential core compounds, targets and pathways of LZS in the complex TCM system for the treatment of FS, and predict the mechanism. Materials and Methods: Databases such as BATMAN, TCMSP, TCMID, and SWISS TARGET are used to mine the active compounds and targets of LZS, and the target information of FS was obtained through GENECARDS and OMIM. Using Venny2.1.0 and Cytoscape software to locked the potential core compounds and targets of FS. The R language and ClusterProfiler software package were adopt to enrich and analyze the KEGG and GO pathways of the core targets and the biological processes and potential mechanisms of the core targets were revealed. Results: 187 active compounds and 2113 target proteins of LZS were collected. And 38 potential core compounds, 35 core targets and 775 metabolic and functional pathways were screened which involved in mediating FS. Finally, the role of the core compounds, targets and pivotal pathways of LZS regulated FS in the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanism of FS was discussed and clarified. Conclusions: In this paper, the multi-compounds, multi-targets and multi-pathways mechanism of LZS in the treatment of FS was preliminarily revealed through the analysis of network pharmacology data, which is consistent with the principle of multi-compounds compatibility of TCM prescriptions and unified treatment of diseases from multiple angles, and it provides a new way for TCM to treat complex diseases caused by multiple factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document