scholarly journals Towards a further understanding of measles vaccine hesitancy in Khartoum state, Sudan: A qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majdi M. Sabahelzain ◽  
Mohamed Moukhyer ◽  
Eve Dubé ◽  
Ahmed Hardan ◽  
Hans Bosma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Measles Outbreaks

AbstractBackgroundVaccine hesitancy is one of the contributors to low vaccination coverage in both developed and developing countries. Sudan is one of the countries that suffers from low measles vaccine coverage and from measles outbreaks. For a further understanding of measles vaccine hesitancy in Sudan, this study aimed at exploring the opinions of Expanded Program on Immunization officers at ministries of health, WHO, UNICEF and vaccine care providers at Khartoum-based primary healthcare centers.MethodsQualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews during the period January-March 2018. The topic list for the interviews was developed and analyzed using the framework “Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy Matrix” that developed by the WHO-SAGE Working Group.FindingsThe interviews were conducted with 14 participants. The majority of participants confirmed the existence of measles vaccine hesitancy in Khartoum state. They further identified various determinants that grouped into three domains including contextual, groups and vaccination influences. The main contextual determinant as reported is the presence of “anti-vaccination”; who mostly belong to some religious and ethnic groups. Parents’ beliefs about prevention and treatment from measles are the main determinants of the group influences. Attitude of the vaccine providers, measles vaccine schedule and its mode of delivery were the main vaccine related determinants.ConclusionMeasles vaccine hesitancy in Sudan appears complex and highly specific to local circumstances. To better understand the magnitude and the context-specific causes of measles vaccine hesitancy and to develop adapted strategies to address them, there is a need to investigate measles vaccine hesitancy among parents.

Qualitative Analysis of Underlying Factors Affecting Vaccine Hesitancy in Iran- A Study Protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salime Goharinezhad
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Context Specific

BACKGROUND World Health Organization declared the vaccine hesitancy as a global public health threat in 2019. Since even a slight reduction in vaccine coverage rates can lead to a decrease in herd immunity, it is imperative to explore the underlying factors affecting vaccine hesitancy. in specific contexts, considering socioeconomic and cultural variation, to ensure interventions targeting hesitancy are well formulated and intervened. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to identify underlying factors affecting vaccine hesitancy in Iran. METHODS A framework qualitative study will be conducted in the west of Tehran province in 2020. Participants in the study will be recruited hesitance-parents who extracted from the SIB system (an electronic health record in Iran) to maximize diversity. Interviews will be analyzed based on ''Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy Matrix'' which developed by the WHO-SAGE Working Group. RESULTS deep understanding from the context-specific reasons for vaccine hesitancy cause to formulate better strategies to address them. The ultimate goal of this study is to inform future policies to increase the uptake of the vaccine in Iran. CONCLUSIONS This result of study will show variety opinions about vaccination among different types of socioeconomic and demographic households. The wide range of reasons related to vaccine hesitancy imply to more comprehensive, context-specific interventions. Today, the most important intervention issues focus on improving information about effectiveness and safety of vaccines, while other interventions for promoting vaccination is need to addressed.

scholarly journals The Impact of War in Yemen on Immunization Coverage of Children Under One Year of Age: Descriptive Study

10.2196/14461 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e14461
Author(s):  
Amr Torbosh ◽  
Mohammed Abdulla Al Amad ◽  
Abdulwahed Al Serouri ◽  
Yousef Khader
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
One Year ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marked Drop

Background After 2 years of war that crippled the capacity of the Yemeni National Health System and left only 45% of health facilities functioning, Yemen faced increasing vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) outbreaks and may be at high risk of polio importation. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the 2015 war on the immunization coverage of children under 1 year. Methods Data on vaccination coverage for 2012-2015 were obtained from the national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The vaccination coverage was calculated at the national and governorate levels by dividing the number of actually vaccinated children by the estimated population of children under 1 year. Results Although there was an increase from 2012 to 2014 in the national coverage for penta-3 vaccine (82% in 2012 vs 88% in 2014) and measles vaccine (70% in 2012 vs 75% in 2014), the coverage was still below the national target (≥95%). Furthermore, the year 2015 witnessed a marked drop in the national coverage compared with 2014 for the measles vaccine (66% in 2015 vs 75% in 2014), but a slight drop in penta-3 vaccine coverage (84% in 2015 vs 88% in 2014). Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine also showed a marked drop from 73% in 2014 to 49% in 2015. These reductions were more marked in governorates that witnessed armed confrontations (eg, Taiz, Lahj, and Sa’dah governorates). On the other hand, governorates that did not witness armed confrontations showed an increase in coverage (eg, Raymah and Ibb), owing to an increase in their population because of displacement from less secure and confrontation-prone governorates. Conclusions This analysis demonstrated the marked negative impact of the 2015 war on immunization coverage, especially in the governorates that witnessed armed confrontations. This could put Yemen at more risk of VPD outbreaks and polio importation. Besides the ongoing efforts to stop the Yemeni war, strategies for more innovative vaccine delivery or provision and fulfilling the increasing demands are needed, especially in governorates with confrontations. Enhancing EPI performance through supportable investments in infrastructure that was destroyed by the war and providing decentralized funds are a prerequisite.

scholarly journals Measles vaccine coverage among children born to Somali immigrants in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherin Marie Jenness ◽  
Preben Aavitsland ◽  
Richard Aubrey White ◽  
Brita Askeland Winje
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
Somali Immigrants ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Measles Vaccination

Abstract Background Despite overall good vaccination coverage in many countries, vaccine hesitancy has hindered full coverage and exposed groups to the risk of outbreaks. Somali immigrant groups have been known to have low measles vaccination coverage, leading to outbreaks in their communities. Current research indicates a general lack of trust in the healthcare system, the use of alternative information sources and inadequate health literacy can be contributing factors. We explore measles vaccine coverage in children born to Somali parents in Norway, whether it has changed over time and factors that may influence coverage. Methods Data was extracted from the National Population Register on all children born in Norway from 2000 to 2016, where both parents originated from Somalia. Date of birth, gender, residential area at birth and date of immigration and emigration for both parents was linked to information on measles vaccination from the National Immunisation Register. Results We found that children born to Somali immigrants in Norway had suboptimal measles vaccine coverage at 2 years; for children born in 2016 the coverage was 85%. Coverage declined between 2000 and 2016, and at a greater rate for boys than girls. Children born to mothers residing in Norway for 6 years or more had lower coverage compared to those with mothers residing less than 2 years prior to their birth. Children born in the capital and surrounding county had significantly lower coverage than children born elsewhere in Norway. Discussion New targeted interventions are needed to improve measles vaccine coverage among Somali immigrants in Norway. Some possible strategies include using Somali social media platforms, improving communication with Somali parents and tighter cooperation between various countries’ vaccination programmes.

scholarly journals Interruption of measles transmission in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country), Spain

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Cilla ◽  
M Basterretxea ◽  
J Artieda ◽  
D Vicente ◽  
E Pérez-Trallero
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Measles Outbreaks

Measles vaccine was introduced in Gipuzkoa (Basque country, Spain) in 1978 and was replaced by the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine for children aged 12-15 months in 1981. A second dose of the MMR vaccine was introduced in 1992. Both doses of the MMR vaccine were well accepted by the population and high coverage was achieved (95% and 91% for the first and second doses respectively for the period 1993-2002). Measles virus circulation was interrupted in the second half of the 1990s: no cases of indigenous measles were notified between 1998 and 2003, and only imported cases have been confirmed during this period. These data indicate that the measles vaccination programme implemented has been effective. Nevertheless, to avoid measles outbreaks following viral introduction, high MMR vaccine coverage levels for the two doses have to be maintained (>95%).

scholarly journals Determinants of Measles Vaccine Hesitancy among Sudanese Parents in Khartoum State, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Majdi M. Sabahelzain ◽  
Mohamed Moukhyer ◽  
Hans Bosma ◽  
Bart van den Borne
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Exposure ◽  
The Family

Determinants of vaccine hesitancy are not yet well understood. This study aims to assess measles vaccine hesitancy and characterize its determinants among Sudanese parents in Omdurman in Khartoum State. A community-based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in Khartoum State in February 2019. The Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccination (PACV) was used to measure measles vaccine hesitancy. Questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the family, the perception of the parents about the measles vaccine, and the parental exposure to information were asked. Proportions of vaccine hesitancy and coefficients of linear regression were computed. Five hundred parents were recruited for the study. We found that a significant proportion of participants (about 1 in 5 parents) had hesitations regarding the measles vaccine. Significant predictors of measles vaccine hesitancy were parental exposure to anti-vaccination information or materials (β = −0.478, p-value < 0.001), the parents’ perception of the effectiveness of measles vaccines (β = 0.093, p-value = 0.020), the age of the mother (β = 0.112, p-value = 0.017), the birth rank of the child (β = −0.116, p-value = 0.015), and the total number of the children in the family (β = 0.098, p-value = 0.013). Vaccination access issues were the common justification for parental vaccination hesitancy. Our findings indicate that investment in vaccine communication as well as addressing access issues might be an effective intervention for improving measles vaccine acceptance and, ultimately, measles vaccine coverage.

scholarly journals The Impact of War in Yemen on Immunization Coverage of Children Under One Year of Age: Descriptive Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Torbosh ◽  
Mohammed Abdulla Al Amad ◽  
Abdulwahed Al Serouri ◽  
Yousef Khader
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
One Year ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marked Drop

BACKGROUND After 2 years of war that crippled the capacity of the Yemeni National Health System and left only 45% of health facilities functioning, Yemen faced increasing vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) outbreaks and may be at high risk of polio importation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the 2015 war on the immunization coverage of children under 1 year. METHODS Data on vaccination coverage for 2012-2015 were obtained from the national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The vaccination coverage was calculated at the national and governorate levels by dividing the number of actually vaccinated children by the estimated population of children under 1 year. RESULTS Although there was an increase from 2012 to 2014 in the national coverage for penta-3 vaccine (82% in 2012 vs 88% in 2014) and measles vaccine (70% in 2012 vs 75% in 2014), the coverage was still below the national target (≥95%). Furthermore, the year 2015 witnessed a marked drop in the national coverage compared with 2014 for the measles vaccine (66% in 2015 vs 75% in 2014), but a slight drop in penta-3 vaccine coverage (84% in 2015 vs 88% in 2014). Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine also showed a marked drop from 73% in 2014 to 49% in 2015. These reductions were more marked in governorates that witnessed armed confrontations (eg, Taiz, Lahj, and Sa’dah governorates). On the other hand, governorates that did not witness armed confrontations showed an increase in coverage (eg, Raymah and Ibb), owing to an increase in their population because of displacement from less secure and confrontation-prone governorates. CONCLUSIONS This analysis demonstrated the marked negative impact of the 2015 war on immunization coverage, especially in the governorates that witnessed armed confrontations. This could put Yemen at more risk of VPD outbreaks and polio importation. Besides the ongoing efforts to stop the Yemeni war, strategies for more innovative vaccine delivery or provision and fulfilling the increasing demands are needed, especially in governorates with confrontations. Enhancing EPI performance through supportable investments in infrastructure that was destroyed by the war and providing decentralized funds are a prerequisite.

scholarly journals Understanding vaccine hesitancy among mothers: the case of a community hit by rubella outbreak

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
Rhea Jenny Ogalesco ◽  
Editha Cagasan ◽  
Christina Gabrillo ◽  
Milagros Bales
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
The Government ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
Measles Outbreaks

The Philippines has been implementing its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) for over 40 years now. However, measles outbreaks are still reported. One of the reasons behind this is parental vaccine hesitancy. This study aimed to understand conditions surrounding vaccine hesitancy among mothers in San Antonio, Northern Samar where rubella (German measles) outbreak was reported in 2017. A total of 1 6 mothers and three program implementers served as informants for this study. lt was found that despite the communication strategies used by the EPI program implementers, parental vaccine-hesitancy existed in the municipality. The mothers were considered vaccine-hesitant because of their delay in subjecting their children to measles vaccination. Analysis of the interview transcripts using the Grounded Theory approach revealed a number of conditions surrounding vaccine hesitancy among mothers. These include: (1) preoccupation with household responsibilities, (2) misunderstanding of the information on measles vaccination, (3) influence of social networks on vaccination decisions, and (4) negative perceptions about measles vaccination. The mothers’ hesitancy to subject their children to measles vaccination caused their children to be infected with the disease, and had resulted in an outbreak of rubella in the community. The rubella outbreak eventually led to vaccine uptake when parents realized the importance of subjecting their children to vaccination and when the government implemented mandatory measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination.

SUSTAINING FAMILY ROUTINES AFTER TRANSITIONING INTO PARENTHOOD: COUPLES’ PERCEPTIONS OF ASSISTING FACTORS

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Christine De Goede ◽  
Abraham P Greeff
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Family Routines ◽  
Temporal Complexity ◽  
Context Specific

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore what assists couples in sustaining family routines after the transition to parenthood. Participants were recruited from two day-care centres in Cape Town, South Africa. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 couples, mostly from low-income households, who had gone through this transition between one and four years previously. Grounded theory analysis revealed one major theme, Factors that decrease task and temporal complexity, with seven subthemes: Support from the wider family network; Couple cooperation and tag-teaming; Planning and pre-empting future problems; Adhering to schedules; Facilitative characteristics and skills of individual family members; Parents’ sense of commitment and responsibility towards family members; and idiosyncratic accommodations. Results underscore the need for professionals to help parents gain support from relatives; strengthen partner teamwork; foster schedule consistency; improve skills such as planning; foster their caretaker self-concepts; and facilitate context-specific problem-solving.

Acceptance of the HPV Vaccine in a Multiethnic Sample of Latinx Mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-483
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Lindsay ◽  
Madelyne J. Valdez ◽  
Denisse Delgado ◽  
Emily Restrepo ◽  
Yessica M. Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Multiethnic Sample

This descriptive qualitative study explored Latinx mothers’ acceptance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for their adolescent children. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a hybrid method of thematic analysis that incorporated deductive and inductive approaches. Twenty-two ( n = 22), mostly foreign-born, Latinx mothers of male and female adolescents participated in the study. Three main themes and nine subthemes emerged from the analyses. Findings identified the need for increased efforts to raise awareness and knowledge among Latinx mothers of the direct benefits of the HPV vaccine for sons, including stressing prevention of HPV-associated cancers in males. Findings also underscore the need for improved health care providers’ communication and recommendation of the HPV vaccine for Latinx adolescent males. Future research should intervene upon the study’s findings to address barriers that remain and affect Latinx mothers’ acceptance and uptake of the HPV vaccine for their children, in particular their sons.

scholarly journals Care-seeking and managing diabetes in rural Bangladesh: a mixed methods study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Maria Jennings ◽  
Joanna Morrison ◽  
Kohenour Akter ◽  
Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli ◽  
Carina King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rural Bangladesh

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a major health challenge worldwide and in low-income countries such as Bangladesh, however little is known about the care-seeking of people with diabetes. We sought to understand the factors that affect care-seeking and diabetes management in rural Bangladesh in order to make recommendations as to how care could be better delivered. Methods Survey data from a community-based random sample of 12,047 adults aged 30 years and above identified 292 individuals with a self-reported prior diagnosis of diabetes. Data on health seeking practices regarding testing, medical advice, medication and use of non-allopathic medicine were gathered from these 292 individuals. Qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with people with diabetes and semi-structured interviews with health workers explored care-seeking behaviour, management of diabetes and perceptions on quality of care. We explore quality of care using the WHO model with the following domains: safe, effective, patient-centred, timely, equitable and efficient. Results People with diabetes who are aware of their diabetic status do seek care but access, particularly to specialist diabetes services, is hindered by costs, time, crowded conditions and distance. Locally available services, while more accessible, lack infrastructure and expertise. Women are less likely to be diagnosed with diabetes and attend specialist services. Furthermore costs of care and dissatisfaction with health care providers affect medication adherence. Conclusion People with diabetes often make a trade-off between seeking locally available accessible care and specialised care which is more difficult to access. It is vital that health services respond to the needs of patients by building the capacity of local health providers and consider practical ways of supporting diabetes care. Trial registration ISRCTN41083256. Registered on 30/03/2016.

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