scholarly journals Flowering behaviour in Arabis alpina ensures the maintenance of a perennating dormant bud bank

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Vayssières ◽  
Priyanka Mishra ◽  
Adrian Roggen ◽  
Udhaya Ponraj ◽  
Ulla Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Bud Bank ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
Flowering Behaviour ◽  
Arabis Alpina ◽  
Complex Architecture ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

ABSTRACTArabis alpina, similar to woody perennials, has a complex architecture with a zone of axillary vegetative branches and a zone of dormant buds that serve as perennating organs. We show that floral development during vernalization is the key for shaping the dormant bud zone by facilitating a synchronized and rapid growth after vernalization and thereby causing an increase in auxin response and transport and endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels in the stem. Floral development during vernalization is associated with the development of axillary buds in subapical nodes. Our transcriptome analysis indicated that these buds are not dormant during vernalization but only attain sustained growth after the return to warm temperatures. Floral and subapical vegetative branches grow after vernalization and inhibit the development of the buds below. Dormancy in these buds is regulated across the A. alpina life cycle by low temperatures and by apical dominance in a BRANCHED 1-dependent mechanism.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs Are Involved in Regulating Plant Development and Stress Response through Fine-Tuning of TIR1/AFB-Dependent Auxin Signaling

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Pan Luo ◽  
Dongwei Di ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Jiangwei Yang ◽  
Yufang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Complex Regulation ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Auxin, primarily indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is a versatile signal molecule that regulates many aspects of plant growth, development, and stress response. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), a type of short non-coding RNA, have emerged as master regulators of the auxin response pathways by affecting auxin homeostasis and perception in plants. The combination of these miRNAs and the autoregulation of the auxin signaling pathways, as well as the interaction with other hormones, creates a regulatory network that controls the level of auxin perception and signal transduction to maintain signaling homeostasis. In this review, we will detail the miRNAs involved in auxin signaling to illustrate its in planta complex regulation.

scholarly journals tasiRNA-ARF Pathway Moderates Floral Architecture inArabidopsisPlants Subjected to Drought Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Matsui ◽  
Kayoko Mizunashi ◽  
Maho Tanaka ◽  
Eli Kaminuma ◽  
Anh Hai Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
High Salinity Stress

In plants, miRNAs and siRNAs, such as transacting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs), affect their targets through distinct regulatory mechanisms. In this study, the expression profiles of small RNAs (smRNAs) inArabidopsisplants subjected to drought, cold, and high-salinity stress were analyzed using 454 DNA sequencing technology. Expression of three groups of ta-siRNAs (TAS1, TAS2, and TAS3) and their precursors was downregulated inArabidopsisplants subjected to drought and high-salinity stress. Analysis of ta-siRNA synthesis mutants and mutatedARF3-overexpressing plants that escape the tasiRNA-ARF target indicated that self-pollination was hampered by short stamens in plants under drought and high-salinity stress. Microarray analysis of flower buds ofrdr6and wild-type plants under drought stress and nonstressed conditions revealed that expression of floral development- and auxin response-related genes was affected by drought stress and by theRDR6mutation. The overall results of the present study indicated that tasiRNA-ARF is involved in maintaining the normal morphogenesis of flowers in plants under stress conditions through fine-tuning expression changes of floral development-related and auxin response-related genes.

scholarly journals Multiple AUX/IAA–ARF modules regulate lateral root formation: the role of Arabidopsis SHY2/IAA3-mediated auxin signalling

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1595) ◽  
pp. 1461-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuaki Goh ◽  
Hiroyuki Kasahara ◽  
Tetsuro Mimura ◽  
Yuji Kamiya ◽  
Hidehiro Fukaki
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Auxin Signalling ◽  
Lateral Organ ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

In Arabidopsis thaliana , lateral root (LR) formation is regulated by multiple auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA)–AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) modules: (i) the IAA28–ARFs module regulates LR founder cell specification; (ii) the SOLITARY-ROOT (SLR)/IAA14–ARF7–ARF19 module regulates nuclear migration and asymmetric cell divisions of the LR founder cells for LR initiation; and (iii) the BODENLOS/IAA12–MONOPTEROS/ARF5 module also regulates LR initiation and organogenesis. The number of Aux/IAA–ARF modules involved in LR formation remains unknown. In this study, we isolated the shy2-101 mutant, a gain-of-function allele of short hypocotyl2/suppressor of hy2 ( shy2 ) /iaa3 in the Columbia accession. We demonstrated that the shy2-101 mutation not only strongly inhibits LR primordium development and emergence but also significantly increases the number of LR initiation sites with the activation of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN16/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18 , a target gene of the SLR/IAA14–ARF7–ARF19 module. Genetic analysis revealed that enhanced LR initiation in shy2-101 depended on the SLR/IAA14–ARF7–ARF19 module. We also showed that the shy2 roots contain higher levels of endogenous IAA. These observations indicate that the SHY2/IAA3–ARF-signalling module regulates not only LR primordium development and emergence after SLR/IAA14–ARF7–ARF19 module-dependent LR initiation but also inhibits LR initiation by affecting auxin homeostasis, suggesting that multiple Aux/IAA–ARF modules cooperatively regulate the developmental steps during LR formation.

scholarly journals Functional analysis of molecular interactions in synthetic auxin response circuits

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (40) ◽  
pp. 11354-11359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Pierre-Jerome ◽  
Britney L. Moss ◽  
Amy Lanctot ◽  
Amber Hageman ◽  
Jennifer L. Nemhauser
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Promoter Architecture ◽  
Repressor Proteins ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Auxin-regulated transcription pivots on the interaction between the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) repressor proteins and the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) transcription factors. Recent structural analyses of ARFs and Aux/IAAs have raised questions about the functional complexes driving auxin transcriptional responses. To parse the nature and significance of ARF–DNA and ARF–Aux/IAA interactions, we analyzed structure-guided variants of synthetic auxin response circuits in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our analysis revealed that promoter architecture could specify ARF activity and that ARF19 required dimerization at two distinct domains for full transcriptional activation. In addition, monomeric Aux/IAAs were able to repress ARF activity in both yeast and plants. This systematic, quantitative structure-function analysis identified a minimal complex—comprising a single Aux/IAA repressing a pair of dimerized ARFs—sufficient for auxin-induced transcription.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis and Identification of the Aux/IAA Gene Family in Peach

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Guan ◽  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Donghui Diao ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yueping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Fold Induction ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Stony Hard

The Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) repressor genes down-regulate the auxin response pathway during many stages of plant and fruit development. In order to determine if and how Aux/IAAs participate in governing texture and hardness in stone fruit maturation, we identified 23 Aux/IAA genes in peach, confirmed by the presence of four conserved domains. In this work, we used fluorescence microscopy with PpIAA-GFP fusion reporters to observe their nuclear localization. We then conducted PCR-based differential expression analysis in “melting” and “stony hard” varieties of peach, and found that in the “melting” variety, nine PpIAAs exhibited peak expression in the S4-3 stage of fruit maturation, with PpIAA33 showing the highest (>120-fold) induction. The expression of six PpIAAs peaked in the S4-2 stage, with PpIAA14 expressed the most highly. Only PpIAA15/16 showed higher expression in the “stony hard” variety than in the “melting” variety, both peaking in the S3 stage. In contrast, PpIAA32 had the highest relative expression in buds, flowers, young and mature leaves, and roots. Our study provides insights into the expression patterns of Aux/IAA developmental regulators in response to auxin during fruit maturation, thus providing insight into their potential development as useful markers for quantitative traits associated with fruit phenotype.

scholarly journals Identification of Genes Involved in Low Temperature-Induced Senescence of Panicle Leaf in Litchi chinensis

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Congcong Wang ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Sheng Yu ◽  
Houbin Chen ◽  
Fuchu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Digital Expression ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Warm winters and hot springs may promote panicle leaf growing and repress floral development. To identify genes potentially involved in litchi panicle leaf senescence, eight RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries of the senescing panicle leaves under low temperature (LT) conditions and the developing panicle leaves under high temperature (HT) conditions were constructed. For each library, 4.78–8.99 × 106 clean reads were generated. Digital expression of the genes was compared between the senescing and developing panicle leaves. A total of 6477 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (from developing leaves to senescing leaves), and 6318 downregulated DEGs were identified, 158 abscisic acid (ABA)-, 68 ethylene-, 107 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-, 27 gibberellic acid (GA)-, 68 cytokinin (CTK)-, 37 salicylic acid (SA)-, and 23 brassinolide (BR)-related DEGs. Confirmation of the RNA-Seq data by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis suggested that expression trends of the 10 candidate genes using qRT-PCR were similar to those revealed by RNA-Seq, and a significantly positive correlation between the obtained data from qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq were found, indicating the reliability of our RNA-Seq data. The present studies provided potential genes for the future molecular breeding of new cultivars that can induce panicle leaf senescence and reduce floral abortion under warm climates.

scholarly journals Cytokinin-promoted secondary growth and nutrient storage in the perennial stem zone of Arabis alpina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sergeeva ◽  
Hongjiu Liu ◽  
Hans-Jörg Mai ◽  
Tabea Mettler-Altmann ◽  
Christiane Kiefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Nutrient Storage ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
Arabis Alpina ◽  
Cambium Activity ◽  
Storage Characteristics ◽  
Vegetative Zone

AbstractPerennial plants maintain their life span through several growth seasons. Arabis alpina serves as model Brassicaceae species to study perennial traits. A. alpina lateral stems have a proximal vegetative zone with a dormant bud zone, and a distal senescing seed-producing inflorescence zone. We addressed the questions of how this zonation is distinguished at the anatomical level, whether it is related to nutrient storage, and which signals affect the zonation. We found that the vegetative zone exhibits secondary growth, which we termed the perennial growth zone (PZ). High-molecular weight carbon compounds accumulate there in cambium and cambium derivatives. Neither vernalization nor flowering were requirements for secondary growth and sequestration of storage compounds. The inflorescence zone with only primary growth, termed annual growth zone (AZ), or roots exhibited different storage characteristics. Following cytokinin application, cambium activity was enhanced and secondary phloem parenchyma was formed in the PZ and also in the AZ. In transcriptome analysis cytokinin-related genes represented enriched gene ontology terms and were expressed at higher level in PZ than AZ. Thus, A. alpina uses primarily the vegetative PZ for nutrient storage, coupled to cytokinin-promoted secondary growth. This finding lays a foundation for future studies addressing signals for perennial growth.HighlightArabis alpina stems have a perennial zone with secondary growth, where cambium and derivatives store high-molecular weight compounds independent of vernalization. Cytokinins are signals for the perennial secondary growth zone.

scholarly journals Impact of Chilling Requirement on Budburst, Floral Development and Hormonal Level in Buds of Early and Late Apple Varieties (Malus sylvestris, Mill) under Natural Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Seif El-Yazal
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Endogenous Inhibitors ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

In order to produce the physiological bases for choosing early- flowering varieties that may avoid the depleted low winter temperatures, the early and late- opining apple variety Barkhar, Local and Strakhan (Malus sylvestris) were wont to study the relation between the seasonal changes and these balance of endogenous hormones and flower opining date. An improved understanding of the factors governing budburst and development, and their underlying mechanisms is crucial for management of trees performance and yielding. This study investigated variations in chilling requirements, bud burst and development in early and late varieties of apple trees. The budburst and hormonal profile of flower and vegetative buds of early and late varieties were additionally investigated. Results showed less bud burst in late varieties than in early ones. In the former, there were increased in promoters (indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellins) at budburst. Although endogenous inhibitors levels of abscisic acid were considerably reduced by bud development in all varieties. We conclude that late varieties (Strakhan) are less economical in manufacturing new growth, as indicated by less bud vigor at budburst than early varieties (Barkhar and local) and show a marked differential hormonal pattern throughout bud development compared to early varieties.

scholarly journals Auxin-dependent compositional change in Mediator in ARF7- and ARF19-mediated transcription

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (23) ◽  
pp. 6562-6567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ito ◽  
Hidehiro Fukaki ◽  
Makoto Onoda ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Chuanyou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Mediator Complex ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Mediator is a multiprotein complex that integrates the signals from transcription factors binding to the promoter and transmits them to achieve gene transcription. The subunits of Mediator complex reside in four modules: the head, middle, tail, and dissociable CDK8 kinase module (CKM). The head, middle, and tail modules form the core Mediator complex, and the association of CKM can modify the function of Mediator in transcription. Here, we show genetic and biochemical evidence that CKM-associated Mediator transmits auxin-dependent transcriptional repression in lateral root (LR) formation. The AUXIN/INDOLE 3-ACETIC ACID 14 (Aux/IAA14) transcriptional repressor inhibits the transcriptional activity of its binding partners AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7) and ARF19 by making a complex with the CKM-associated Mediator. In addition, TOPLESS (TPL), a transcriptional corepressor, forms a bridge between IAA14 and the CKM component MED13 through the physical interaction. ChIP assays show that auxin induces the dissociation of MED13 but not the tail module component MED25 from the ARF7 binding region upstream of its target gene. These findings indicate that auxin-induced degradation of IAA14 changes the module composition of Mediator interacting with ARF7 and ARF19 in the upstream region of their target genes involved in LR formation. We suggest that this regulation leads to a quick switch of signal transmission from ARFs to target gene expression in response to auxin.

Effect of an auxin biosynthesis inhibitor, p-phenoxyphenyl boronic acid, on auxin biosynthesis and development in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-519
Author(s):  
Mayu Watanabe ◽  
Masaru Shigihara ◽  
Yuna Hirota ◽  
Shin Takato ◽  
Akiko Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Boronic Acid ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT p-Phenoxyphenyl boronic acid (PPBo) is a specific inhibitor of auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. We examined the inhibitory activity of PPBo in rice. The activity of OsYUCCA, a key enzyme for auxin biosynthesis, was inhibited by PPBo in vitro. The endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level and the expression levels of auxin-response genes were significantly reduced in PPBo-treated rice seedlings, which showed typical auxin-deficiency phenotypes. Seminal root growth was promoted by 1 µM PPBo, which was reversed by co-treatment of IAA and PPBo. By contrast, the inhibition of root growth by 10 µM PPBo was not recovered by IAA. The root meristem morphology and cell division were restored by IAA at 60 µM, but that concentration may be too high to support root growth. In conclusion, PPBo is an inhibitor of auxin biosynthesis that targets YUCCA in rice.

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