scholarly journals Diurnal variations in serum metabolites of wintering redheaded buntings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelu Jain Gupta ◽  
Samya Das ◽  
Mrinal Das ◽  
Rakesh Arya ◽  
Ranjan Kumar Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Song Birds ◽  
Annual Life History ◽  
Short Days

ABSTRACTDaily behavioural and physiological changes in bird may reflect in biofluid metabolite composition. Locomotor activity, food intake and body temperature of group (n=7) of male migratory redheaded buntings held under short days (8L:16D, SD) were monitored besides blood sampling at midday (ZT4: 4 hours zeitgeber time starting ZT0 as lights ‘on’) and midnight (ZT16). The birds exhibited higher activity and increased feeding during daytime with negligible activity and feeding at night. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry and chemo-metric analyses of bird serum revealed higher levels of lipid (palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids) and protein (uric acid and proline) catabolites in daytime serum samples as compared to night samples. Higher night-time levels of short chain fatty acids indicated utilization of glucose and lipolysis in night fasted birds. High night-time levels of taurine, a sulphur amino acid has adaptive advantage to night migratory song birds. The diurnal differences in metabolite patterns suggests differential energy expenditure during day and renders survival benefit to buntings as night migrants. We propose a GCMS method that could be useful to unravel different annual life-history stages including migration.

scholarly journals Free Fatty Acids Signature in Human Intestinal Disorders: Significant Association between Butyric Acid and Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Simone Baldi ◽  
Marta Menicatti ◽  
Giulia Nannini ◽  
Elena Niccolai ◽  
Edda Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Altered circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), namely short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), are associated with metabolic, gastrointestinal, and malignant diseases. Hence, we compared the serum FFA profile of patients with celiac disease (CD), adenomatous polyposis (AP), and colorectal cancer (CRC) to healthy controls (HC). We enrolled 44 patients (19 CRC, 9 AP, 16 CD) and 16 HC. We performed a quantitative FFA evaluation with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (GC–MS), and we performed Dirichlet-multinomial regression in order to highlight disease-specific FFA signature. HC showed a different composition of FFAs than CRC, AP, and CD patients. Furthermore, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) confirmed perfect overlap between the CRC and AP patients and separation of HC from the diseased groups. The Dirichlet-multinomial regression identified only strong positive association between CD and butyric acid. Moreover, CD patients showed significant interactions with age, BMI, and gender. In addition, among patients with the same age and BMI, being male compared to being female implies a decrease of the CD effect on the (log) prevalence of butyric acid in FFA composition. Our data support GC–MS as a suitable method for the concurrent analysis of circulating SCFAs, MCFAs, and LCFAs in different gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, and notably, we suggest for the first time that butyric acid could represent a potential biomarker for CD screening.

scholarly journals The impact of diurnal variations of air traffic on contrail radiative forcing

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 3153-3162 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Stuber ◽  
P. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The North ◽  
Framework Programme Project ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We combined high resolution aircraft flight data from the EU Fifth Framework Programme project AERO2k with analysis data from the ECMWF's integrated forecast system to calculate diurnally resolved 3-D contrail cover. We scaled the contrail cover in order to match observational data for the Bakan area (eastern-Atlantic/western-Europe). We found that less than 40% of the global distance travelled by aircraft is due to flights during local night time. Yet, due to the cancellation of shortwave and longwave effects during daytime, night time flights contribute a disproportional 60% to the global annual mean forcing. Under clear sky conditions the night flights contribute even more disproportionally at 76%. There are pronounced regional variations in night flying and the associated radiative forcing. Over parts of the North Atlantic flight corridor 75% of air traffic and 84% of the forcing occurs during local night, whereas only 35% of flights are during local night in South-East Asia, yet these contribute 68% of the radiative forcing. In general, regions with a significant local contrail radiative forcing are also regions for which night time flights amount to less than half of the daily total of flights. Therefore, neglecting diurnal variations in air traffic/contrail cover by assuming a diurnal mean contrail cover can over-estimate the global mean radiative forcing by up to 30%.

scholarly journals Muscle and Serum Metabolomics for Different Chicken Breeds under Commercial Conditions by GC–MS

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2174
Author(s):  
Chengkeng Tan ◽  
Jinap Selamat ◽  
Nuzul Noorahya Jambari ◽  
Rashidah Sukor ◽  
Suganya Murugesu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Village Chicken ◽  
Premium Price ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Serum Metabolomics

Globally, village chicken is popular and is known as a premium meat with a higher price. Food fraud can occur by selling other chicken breeds at a premium price in local markets. This study aimed to distinguish local village chicken from other chicken breeds available in the market, namely, colored broiler (Hubbard), broiler (Cobb), and spent laying hen (Dekalb) in pectoralis major and serum under commercial conditions using an untargeted metabolomics approach. Both pectoralis major and serum were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The principal component analysis (PCA) results distinguished four different chicken breeds into three main groups for pectoralis major and serum. A total of 30 and 40 characteristic metabolites were identified for pectoralis major and serum, respectively. The four chicken breeds were characterized by the abundance of metabolites such as amino acids (L−glutamic acid, L−threonine, L−serine, L−leucine), organic acids (L−lactic acid, succinic acid, 3−hydroxybutyric acid), sugars (D−allose, D−glucose), sugar alcohols (myo−inositol), and fatty acids (linoleic acid). Our results suggest that an untargeted metabolomics approach using GC–MS and PCA could discriminate chicken breeds for pectoralis major and serum under commercial conditions. In this study, village chicken could only be distinguished from colored broiler (Hubbard) by serum samples.

scholarly journals Association of Increased Circulating Acetic Acid With Poor Survival in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Qi ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Zheying Tao ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis

BackgroundWe previously found that microbial disruption in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia (PA-VAP) patients are long-lasting. Long-term microbial dysbiosis may lead to changes in metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbial fermentation products and show beneficial effects in patients with pneumonia. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between circulating SCFA levels and clinical outcomes in patients with PA-VAP.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed SCFAs in the serum of 49 patients with PA-VAP by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Twenty of these patients died, and 29 survived. The correlation between serum SCFAs and patient survival and immune parameters was analyzed.ResultsWe developed a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model to examine differential SCFAs in 49 patients with PA-VAP. Among the seven SCFAs, only acetic acid was increased in non-survivors (P = 0.031, VIP > 1). Furthermore, high levels of acetic acid (>1.96ug/ml) showed increased 90-day mortality compared to low levels of acetic acid (<1.96ug/ml) in Kaplan-Meier survival analyses (P = 0.027). Increased acetic acid also correlated with reduced circulating lymphocyte and monocyte counts.ConclusionOur study showed that increased circulating acetic acid is associated with 90-day mortality in PA-VAP patients. The decrease in lymphocytes and monocytes might be affected by acetic acid and involved in the poor prognosis.

Measuring swainsonine in serum of cancer patients: phase I clinical trial

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Baptista ◽  
P Goss ◽  
M Nghiem ◽  
J J Krepinsky ◽  
M Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Phase I Clinical Trial ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Internal Standards

Abstract Swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid and competitive inhibitor of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II (EC 3.2.1.114), reduces tumor growth and stimulates immune function in mice. On the basis of these observations, a phase I clinical trial was initiated to determine whether swainsonine could be administered safely to cancer patients. We describe a method for extraction, acetylation, and quantification of swainsonine in human serum samples. Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside and methyl beta-D-galactopyranoside were added to serum samples as internal standards and, after sequential extraction of lipids and proteins with chloroform and acetonitrile, respectively, samples were acetylated with acetic anhydride and 4-dimethylaminopyridine and separated by gas-liquid chromatography. The identity of swainsonine and the internal standards after their extraction from serum and acetylation was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Swainsonine was recovered at an efficiency of 90%, relative to internal standards, and calibration graphs were rectilinear from 3 to 18 mg/L with a detection limit of approximately 0.1 mg/L. The CV for multiple samples was < or = 6.7%. In patients receiving swainsonine (50-550 micrograms/kg per day) continuously for 5 days by intravenous infusion, serum concentrations of the drug reached 3-11.8 mg/L, 100 to 400 times greater than the 50% inhibitory concentration for Golgi alpha-mannosidase II and lysosomal alpha-mannosidases. Accurate measurements of swainsonine in biological fluids with this method should facilitate further clinical studies with the drug.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Fingerprint Induced by the Intranigral Inoculation of Exogenous Human Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6745
Author(s):  
Federica Murgia ◽  
Luigi Atzori ◽  
Ezio Carboni ◽  
Maria Laura Santoru ◽  
Aran Hendren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Metabolite Content

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is considered a synucleinopathy because of the intraneuronal accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn). Recent evidence points to soluble αSyn-oligomers (αSynO) as the main cytotoxic species responsible for cell death. Given the pivotal role of αSyn in PD, αSyn-based models are crucial for the investigation of toxic mechanisms and the identification of new therapeutic targets in PD. By using a metabolomics approach, we evaluated the metabolic profile of brain and serum samples of rats infused unilaterally with preformed human αSynOs (HαSynOs), or vehicle, into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Three months postinfusion, the striatum was dissected for striatal dopamine (DA) measurements via High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis and mesencephalon and serum samples were collected for the evaluation of metabolite content via gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. Multivariate, univariate and correlation statistics were applied. A 40% decrease of DA content was measured in the HαSynO-infused striatum as compared to the contralateral and the vehicle-infused striata. Decreased levels of dehydroascorbic acid, myo-inositol, and glycine, and increased levels of threonine, were found in the mesencephalon, while increased contents of fructose and mannose, and a decrease in glycine and urea, were found in the serum of HαSynO-infused rats. The significant correlation between DA and metabolite content indicated that metabolic variations reflected the nigrostriatal degeneration. Collectively, the metabolomic fingerprint of HαSynO-infused rats points to an increase of oxidative stress markers, in line with PD neuropathology, and provides hints for potential biomarkers of PD.

scholarly journals Metabolite Markers for Characterizing Sasang Constitution Type through GC-MS and 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Ju Kim ◽  
Young-Shick Hong ◽  
Seung-Ho Seo ◽  
Seong-Eun Park ◽  
Chang-Su Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sasang Constitution ◽  
Metabolomics Study ◽  
Constitution Type ◽  
Lactate Levels

Sasang constitutional medicine classifies human beings into four types based on their physical and psychological characteristics. Despite its potential value in achieving personalized medicine, the diagnosis of sasang constitution (SC) type is complex and subjective. In this study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance–based metabolic analyses were conducted to find maker metabolites in serum and urine according to different SC types. Although some samples were overlapped on orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis score plots, serum samples showed separation between different SC types. Levels of lactate, glutamate, triglyceride, and fatty acids in serum and glycolic acid in urine of Tae-Eum type were higher than those of So-Eum and So-Yang type. Fatty acids, triglyceride, and lactate levels were found to be metabolites related to body mass index, indicating that marker metabolites for the diagnosis of SC type could be associated with obese. However, Tae-Eum type showed higher lactate levels in serum than So-Yang type for both normal weight and overweight groups, suggesting that the contents of serum lactate might be dependent on the SC type regardless of body weight. These results suggest that metabolomics analysis could be used to determine SC type.

scholarly journals Determination of Mammalian Lignans in Biological Samples by Modified Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Bommareddy ◽  
Bhanu L Arasada ◽  
Duane P Mathees ◽  
Chandradhar Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flaxseed Meal

Abstract Lignans in flaxseed have been part of the human diet for centuries. In 1955, the isolation and structure of the lignan derivative secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) was reported. The biological role of SDG and mammalian lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone was initially reported 20 years later. Experimental evidences showed the beneficial effects of lignans on breast, colon, and thyroid cancer. A modified gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) assay was developed for lignans in serum and colon samples of rats fed flaxseed meal. The method developed for the analysis of metabolites involves extraction and derivatization of samples and quantitative analysis by selected ion monitoring using GC/MS. The levels of lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone were determined to be 0.013 and 0.23 M in serum samples and 0.008 and 1.63 M in colon samples.

Monitoring drug concentrations in a case of combined overdosage with primidone and methsuximide.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
G F Johnson ◽  
C J Least ◽  
J W Serum ◽  
E B Solow ◽  
H M Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Therapeutic Decision ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Monitoring Drug ◽  
Drug Concentrations

Abstract We describe a case of fatal overdosage with primidone and methsuximide. During the early phase of the patient's hospital course we found concentrations of methsuximide, N-desmethylmethsuximide, and primidone in serum that far exceeded the usual therapeutic concentrations, as determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Determination of N-desmethylmethsuximide in peritoneal fluid demonstrated concentrations comparable to those in serum. This led to the therapeutic decision to manage the patient by dialysis. Subsequently, serum samples collected during the course of hospitalization were analyzed quantitatively by gas-liquid chromatography for methsuximide, N-desmethylmethsuximide, primidone, phenobarbital, and diphenylhydantoin. Selected serum specimens were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and N-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl-2-phenylsuccinimide, a metabolite of methsuximide not previously described in human serum, was identified by analysis of its mass spectrum.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Machine Learning-Based Gut Microbiome Analysis for Identifying Patients with Irritable Bowels Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2403
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Fukui ◽  
Akifumi Nishida ◽  
Satoshi Matsuda ◽  
Fumitaka Kira ◽  
Satoshi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Analysis ◽  
Model Based

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is diagnosed by subjective clinical symptoms. We aimed to establish an objective IBS prediction model based on gut microbiome analyses employing machine learning. We collected fecal samples and clinical data from 85 adult patients who met the Rome III criteria for IBS, as well as from 26 healthy controls. The fecal gut microbiome profiles were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and the determination of short-chain fatty acids was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The IBS prediction model based on gut microbiome data after machine learning was validated for its consistency for clinical diagnosis. The fecal microbiome alpha-diversity indices were significantly smaller in the IBS group than in the healthy controls. The amount of propionic acid and the difference between butyric acid and valerate were significantly higher in the IBS group than in the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Using LASSO logistic regression, we extracted a featured group of bacteria to distinguish IBS patients from healthy controls. Using the data for these featured bacteria, we established a prediction model for identifying IBS patients by machine learning (sensitivity >80%; specificity >90%). Gut microbiome analysis using machine learning is useful for identifying patients with IBS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document