scholarly journals Population responses of naïve roe deer to the recolonization of the French Vercors by wolves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Randon ◽  
C Bonenfant ◽  
J Michallet ◽  
T Chevrier ◽  
C Toïgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Lower Growth Rate

AbstractIn a context of rapidly changing carnivore populations worldwide, it is crucial to understand the consequences of these changes for prey populations. The recolonization by wolves of the French Vercors mountain range and the long-term monitoring (2001-2017) of roe deer populations provided us a unique opportunity to assess both lethal and non-lethal effects of wolves on these populations. We compared roe deer population abundance and growth, fawn body mass, and browsing intensity in two contrasted areas: a central area (core of a wolf pack territory characterized by an intense use by wolves) and a peripheral area (used more occasionally). Both populations of roe deer strongly dropped after an extremely severe winter but the population of the central area facing with wolves was slower to recover (due to a much lower growth rate the following year) and remained at lower abundance levels for 5 years. Fawn body mass was lower in the central area during that period and was not influenced by weather conditions or population abundance. The browsing index in the forests in presence of wolves decreased for a longer period, suggesting that possible habitat shifts have occurred. Altogether, the effects of wolves on the roe deer population in the central area occurred mainly during a 5-year period following the establishment of wolves, with effects at the population level in the first years only through the interplay between wolf predation (before wolves started preying on red deer), harsh winter conditions and naïveté of prey to this recolonizing predator.

scholarly journals Estimating Abundance of Siberian Roe Deer Using Fecal-DNA Capture-Mark-Recapture in Northeast China

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Yuehui Li ◽  
Nana Li ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Yueyuan Li ◽  
Zaiping Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Fecal Dna ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Siberian Roe Deer ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Genetic Sampling

It is necessary to estimate the population abundance of deer for managing their populations. However, most estimates are from high-density populations inhabiting the forests of North America or Europe; there is currently a lack of necessary knowledge regarding low-density deer populations in different forest habitats. In this article, we used fecal DNA based on the capture-mark-recapture method to estimate the population abundance of Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) in Liangshui National Nature Reserve in the Lesser Xing’an Mountains, northeast China, where the deer population was found to be of a low density by limited studies. We used a robust survey design to collect 422 fecal pellet groups in 2016 and extracted DNA from those samples, generating 265 different genotypes; we thus identified 77 deer individuals based on six microsatellite markers (Roe1, Roe8, Roe9, BM757, MB25 and OarFCB304). With capture and recapture records of these 77 individuals, the abundance of roe deer was estimated to be 87 deer (80–112, 95% CI) using the Program CAPTURE. Using an effective sampling area which resulted from the mean maximum recapture distance (MMRD), we converted the population abundance to a density of 2.9 deer/km2 (2.7–3.7, 95% CI). Our study estimated the roe deer population abundance by a feces-based capture-mark-recapture approach in northeast China, successfully demonstrating the applicability of non-invasive genetic sampling in monitoring populations of deer in this area, which contributes to the development of low-density deer population ecology and management.

scholarly journals Effects of Modification of Light Parameters on the Production of Cryptophycin, Cyanotoxin with Potent Anticancer Activity, in Nostoc sp.

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Alexandros Polyzois ◽  
Diana Kirilovsky ◽  
Thi-hanh Dufat ◽  
Sylvie Michel
Keyword(s):  
Light Stress ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Effect Of Light

Cryptophycin-1 is a cyanotoxin produced by filamentous cyanobacteria. It has been evaluated as an anticancer agent with great potential. However, its synthesis provides insufficient yield for industrial use. An alternative solution for metabolite efficient production is to stress cyanobacteria by modifying the environmental conditions of the culture (Nostoc sp. ATCC 53789). Here, we examined the effects of light photoperiod, wavelength, and intensity. In light photoperiod, photoperiods 24:0 and 16:8 (light:dark) were tested while in wavelength, orange-red light was compared with blue. Medium, high, and very high light intensity experiments were performed to test the effect of light stress. For a 10-day period, growth was measured, metabolite concentration was calculated through HPLC, and the related curves were drawn. The differentiation of light wavelength had a major effect on the culture, as orange-red filter contributed to noticeable increase in both growth and doubled the cyanotoxin concentration in comparison to blue light. Remarkably, constant light provides higher cryptophycin yield, but slightly lower growth rate. Lastly, the microorganism prefers medium light intensities for both growth and metabolite expression. The combination of these optimal conditions would contribute to the further exploitation of cryptophycin.

scholarly journals Feeding ecology of the wolf (Canis lupus) in a near-natural ecosystem in Mongolia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Tiralla ◽  
Maika Holzapfel ◽  
Hermann Ansorge
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Siberian Roe Deer ◽  
Northern Mongolia

AbstractThe increasing animosity towards wolves (Canislupus) by livestock-keeping nomads in Mongolia and the accompanying conflicts highlight the urgent need for knowledge about the feeding behavior of wolves, since information on the feeding ecology of wolves in Mongolia is rare, especially in the mountain taiga and mountain forest steppe regions of Northern Mongolia. Those regions are characterized by a relatively high wildlife diversity and are sparsely populated by humans. To face this problem, 137 wolf scats were collected in the Khentii Mountain range in Northern Mongolia between 2008 and 2012. Almost all wolf faeces contained remnants of wild ungulates, which made up 89% of the consumed biomass. Siberian roe deer (Capreoluspygargus) was the most important and positively selected prey species. It was followed by red deer (Cervuselaphus) and wild boar (Susscrofa), which was negatively selected by wolves. Wolves also fed on buffer prey species such as lagomorphs and small mammals. No evidence of domestic ungulates was found in the wolf diet. Thus, near-natural habitats with a diverse fauna of wild animals are important to limit livestock depredation.

High red deer density depresses body mass of roe deer fawns

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Richard ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
Sonia Saïd ◽  
Jean-Luc Hamann ◽  
François Klein
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Deer Density

scholarly journals Between-population differences in the genetic and maternal components of body mass in roe deer

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Quéméré ◽  
J. M. Gaillard ◽  
M. Galan ◽  
C. Vanpé ◽  
I. David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Population Differences

Trends and Variability of North American Cool-Season Extratropical Cyclones: 1979–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fritzen ◽  
Victoria Lang ◽  
Vittorio A. Gensini
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Regional Reanalysis ◽  
Log Linear

AbstractExtratropical cyclones are the primary driver of sensible weather conditions across the mid-latitudes of North America, often generating various types of precipitation, gusty non-convective winds, and severe convective storms throughout portions of the annual cycle. Given ongoing modifications of the zonal atmospheric thermal gradient due to anthropogenic forcing, analyzing the historical characteristics of these systems presents an important research question. Using the North American Regional Reanalysis, boreal cool-season (October–April) extratropical cyclones for the period 1979–2019 were identified, tracked, and classified based on their genesis location. Additionally, bomb cyclones—extratropical cyclones that recorded a latitude normalized pressure fall of 24 hPa in 24-hr—were identified and stratified for additional analysis. Cyclone lifespan across the domain exhibits a log-linear relationship, with 99% of all cyclones tracked lasting less than 8 days. On average, ≈ 270 cyclones were tracked across the analysis domain per year, with an average of ≈ 18 year−1 being classified as bomb cyclones. The average number of cyclones in the analysis domain has decreased in the last 20 years from 290 year−1 during the period 1979–1999 to 250 year−1 during the period 2000–2019. Spatially, decreasing trends in the frequency of cyclone track counts were noted across a majority of the analysis domain, with the most significant decreases found in Canada’s Northwest Territories, Colorado, and east of the Graah mountain range. No significant interannual or spatial trends were noted with bomb cyclone frequency.

Roe deer population structure in a highly fragmented landscape

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Breyne ◽  
Joachim Mergeay ◽  
Jim Casaer
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Deer Population

scholarly journals Widespread variation in heat tolerance and symbiont load are associated with growth tradeoffs in the coral Acropora hyacinthus in Palau

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Cornwell ◽  
Katrina Armstrong ◽  
Nia S Walker ◽  
Marilla Lippert ◽  
Victor Nestor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Coral Reef Resilience ◽  
The Face ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Acropora Hyacinthus ◽  
The Cost

Climate change is dramatically changing ecosystem composition and productivity, leading scientists to consider the best approaches to map natural resistance and foster ecosystem resilience in the face of these changes. Here we present results from a large-scale experimental assessment of coral bleaching resistance, a critical trait for coral population persistence as oceans warm, in 221 colonies of the coral Acropora hyacinthus across 37 reefs in Palau. We find that bleaching resistant individuals inhabit most reefs but are found more often in warmer microhabitats. Our survey also found wide variation in symbiont concentration among colonies, and that colonies with lower symbiont load tended to be more bleaching resistant. By contrast, our data show that low symbiont load comes at the cost of lower growth rate, a tradeoff that may operate widely among corals across environments. Corals with high bleaching resistance have been suggested as a source for habitat restoration or selective breeding in order to increase coral reef resilience to climate change. Our maps show where these resilience corals can be found, but the existence of tradeoffs with heat resistance may suggest caution in unilateral use of this one trait in restoration.

Settlement and Metamorphosis in Barnacles and Decapods

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-254
Author(s):  
Paulina Gebauer ◽  
Luis Giménez ◽  
Iván Hinojosa ◽  
Kurt Paschke
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Pelagic Larva ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Settlement Behavior ◽  
Biphasic Life Cycle ◽  
Settlement And Metamorphosis ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Adult Habitat

Settlement and metamorphosis are two crucial processes in organisms with a biphasic life cycle, forming the link between the pelagic larva and benthic juvenile-adult. In general, these processes occur during the final larval stage. Among crustaceans, settlement behavior and the cues that trigger settlement and metamorphosis have been studied in greater depth in barnacles than in decapods, likely a result of the former losing the ability to move after they join the benthic juvenile-adult population, undergoing metamorphosis. Both barnacles and decapods respond to different environmental cues associated with the adult habitat, such as substratum, biofilm, and the presence of conspecifics. In the absence of cues, larvae can delay their metamorphosis for a period of time. This ability to prolong the development can be advantageous because it increases the probability of settling in a suitable habitat. However, delayed metamorphosis has also associated costs (e.g., smaller size, lower growth rate, and higher mortality), which may be carried over to subsequent development stages, with consequences for recruitment.

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