scholarly journals Global & Temporal Patterns of Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Whittaker ◽  
Hannah Slater ◽  
Teun Bousema ◽  
Chris Drakeley ◽  
Azra Ghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
West African ◽  
South American ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Current Transmission ◽  
Submicroscopic Infection

AbstractMolecular detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection has revealed large numbers of individuals with low-density (yet transmissible) infections undetectable by microscopy. Here we present an updated systematic review of cross-sectional malaria surveys to explore the prevalence and drivers of these submicroscopic infections and define where they are likely to be relevant to malaria control efforts. Our results show that submicroscopic infections predominate in low transmission settings, but also reveal marked geographical variation in their prevalence, being highest in South American surveys and lowest in West African studies. Whilst current transmission levels partly explain these results, we find that historical transmission intensity also represents a crucial determinant of the size of the submicroscopic reservoir. Submicroscopic infection was more likely in adults than children, although we did not observe a statistically significant influence of seasonality. Our results suggest that the contribution of submicroscopic infections to transmission likely varies substantially across settings, potentially warranting different approaches to their targeting in the approach to elimination.

scholarly journals The changing risk of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in Africa: 2000–10: a spatial and temporal analysis of transmission intensity

The Lancet ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 383 (9930) ◽  
pp. 1739-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdisalan M Noor ◽  
Damaris K Kinyoki ◽  
Clara W Mundia ◽  
Caroline W Kabaria ◽  
Jonesmus W Mutua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Analysis

Halofantrine efficacy in non-immune children with imported acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria Infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Hau ◽  
Sophie Seringe ◽  
Said Aberrane ◽  
France De La Rocque ◽  
Christophe Delacourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

scholarly journals Impact of Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Parasitaemia on Maternal Anaemia and Low Birth Weight in Blue Nile State, Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia A. Omer ◽  
Ali N. Noureldein ◽  
Hadeel Eisa ◽  
Mutasim Abdelrahim ◽  
Hagir E. Idress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Cord Blood Sample ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Maternal Anaemia ◽  
Submicroscopic Infection ◽  
Submicroscopic Parasitaemia

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of submicroscopic infections and to assess its impact on maternal anaemia and low birth weight. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1149 consented pregnant women who delivered at 3 main hospitals in the Blue Nile State, between January 2012 and December 2015. From a matched maternal peripheral, placental maternal side, and cord blood sample, blood films and dried spots were prepared for microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR), respectively. 107 out of 447 negative blood films were found to have submicroscopic infection detected using n-PCR in any of the three compartments. Placental samples had a significantly higher prevalence (142) of submicroscopic infections compared with the peripheral (6.5%) and cord (8.1%) samples. The mean (SD) of the maternal haemoglobin (Hb) was significantly lower in cases with submicroscopic parasitaemia (10.9 (0.8) vs. 12.1 (0.7) g/dl, P<0.001) compared with those who had no submicroscopic parasitaemia. Submicroscopic malaria infection was associated with anaemia (OR 19.7, (95% CI, 10.3–37.8)). Thirty-eight babies born to women with submicroscopic infections were low birth weight (LBW) and was significantly lower in submicroscopic parasitaemia (2.663 (0.235) vs. 2.926 (0.341) kg, P<0.001). Submicroscopic malaria infection was associated with LBW (OR = 2.7, (95% CI, 1.2–5.6)). There is a high incidence of submicroscopic infections in any of the three compartments regardless of age or parity. Submicroscopic infection is a risk of maternal anaemia and low birth weight in women in this area of high seasonal malaria transmission.

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Plasmodium falciparum Malaria and HIV infection on Birth Weight in Southeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chigozie J Uneke ◽  
Dochka D Duhlinska ◽  
Treasure N Ujam
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Hiv Negative

The effects of malaria and HIV infection on birth weight were assessed among 300 women in childbirth in Southeastern Nigeria using standard techniques. Prevalence of maternal Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection was 16.0%. Individuals of younger age, primigravidae, anemic (with Hgb <11.0g/dl) and those who had never attended antenatal clinic (ANC) were more likely to have malaria infection. Prevalence of HIV infection was 3.6% and malaria prevalence was significantly higher among HIV-positive than HIV-negative women (37.5%, 95% CI, 4.0-71.0% versus 14.3%, 95% CI., 9.6-19.0%), (χ2 =13.3, P<0.05). Malaria-infected women had a significantly higher proportion of lBW babies than the uninfected (F-ratio=15.05, P<0.05). A higher proportion of low birth weight (lBW) was recorded among anemic women, primigravidae and those who never attended ANC. lBW babies were significantly higher among HIV-positive than HIV-negative women (25.0% vs 16.6%), (F-ratio=130.8, P<0.05). Malaria and HIV interventions via ANC are crucial for reduction of their adverse effects on pregnancy outcome.

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