scholarly journals PARAMO pipeline: reconstructing ancestral anatomies using ontologies and stochastic mapping

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Tarasov ◽  
István Mikó ◽  
Matthew Jon Yoder ◽  
Josef C. Uyeda
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Comparative Phylogenetics ◽  
Stochastic Mapping ◽  
Discrete Traits ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTComparative phylogenetics has been largely lacking a method for reconstructing the evolution of phenotypic entities that consist of ensembles of multiple discrete traits – entire organismal anatomies or organismal body regions. In this study, we provide a new approach named PARAMO (Phylogenetic Ancestral Reconstruction of Anatomy by Mapping Ontologies) that appropriately models anatomical dependencies and uses ontology-informed amalgamation of stochastic maps to reconstruct phenotypic evolution at different levels of anatomical hierarchy including entire phenotypes. This approach provides new opportunities for tracking phenotypic radiations and evolution of organismal anatomies.

scholarly journals PARAMO: A Pipeline for Reconstructing Ancestral Anatomies Using Ontologies and Stochastic Mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Tarasov ◽  
István Mikó ◽  
Matthew Jon Yoder ◽  
Josef C Uyeda
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Comparative Phylogenetics ◽  
Stochastic Mapping ◽  
Discrete Traits ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Comparative phylogenetics has been largely lacking a method for reconstructing the evolution of phenotypic entities that consist of ensembles of multiple discrete traits—entire organismal anatomies or organismal body regions. In this study, we provide a new approach named PARAMO (PhylogeneticAncestralReconstruction ofAnatomy byMappingOntologies) that appropriately models anatomical dependencies and uses ontology-informed amalgamation of stochastic maps to reconstruct phenotypic evolution at different levels of anatomical hierarchy including entire phenotypes. This approach provides new opportunities for tracking phenotypic radiations and evolution of organismal anatomies.

A chemical–mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Debon ◽  
P. Le Fort
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Plutonic Rocks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTA classification is proposed, based mainly on major element analytical data plotted in a coherent set of three simple chemical-mineralogical diagrams. The procedure follows two complementary steps at two different levels. The first is concerned with the individual sample: the sample is given a name (e.g. granite, adamellite, granodiorite) and its chemical and mineralogical characteristics are determined. The second one is more important: it aims at defining the type of magmatic association (or series) to which the studied sample or group of samples belongs. Three main types of association are distinguished: cafemic (from source-material mainly or completely mantle-derived), aluminous (mainly or completely derived by anatexis of continental crust), and alumino-cafemic (intermediate between the other two types). Subtypes are then distinguished among the cafemic and alumino-cafemic associations: calc-alkaline (or granodioritic), subalkaline (or monzonitic), alkaline (and peralkaline), tholeiitic (or gabbroic-trondhjemitic), etc. In the same way, numerous subtypes and variants are also distinguished among the aluminous associations using a set of complementary criteria such as quartz content, colour index, alkali ratio, quartz–alkalies relationships and alumina index.Although involving a new approach using partly new criteria, this classification is consistent with most of the divisions used in previous typologies. The method may also be used in the classification of the volcanic equivalents of common plutonic rocks.

scholarly journals Graph Algorithms for Word Sense Disambiguation in Biomedicine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Goulart ◽  
Juliano De Carvalho ◽  
Vera De Lima
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Graph Algorithms ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Word Sense Disambiguation ◽  
The State ◽  
Word Sense ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
Sense Disambiguation ◽  
Different Levels

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is an important task for Biomedicine text-mining. Supervised WSD methods have the best results but they are complex and their cost for testing is too high. This work presents an experiment on WSD using graph-based approaches (unsupervised methods). Three algorithms were tested and compared to the state of the art. Results indicate that similar performance could be reached with different levels of complexity, what may point to a new approach to this problem.

Solar Energy in Agro-Ecologic Micrometeorology Measurements

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Ildus Saetgalievich Nurgaliev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Material Point ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Advection Diffusion ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Different Levels

New approach to the measurements in agro-ecologic micrometeorology is suggested on the bases of renewable solar panels for energy supply to instruments at the remote sites and new turbulent model of the flow of the gases. Analytical dynamic model of the turbulent multi-component flow in the three-layer boundary system is presented. Turbulence is simulated by the non-zero vorticity, but not only. Other mathematical aspects of the turbulence are an introducing new model of the material point and considering a torsion of their trajectories. The generalized advection-diffusion-reaction equation is derived for an arbitrary number of components in the flow. The flows in the layers are objects for matching requirements on the boundaries between the layers. Different types of transport mechanisms are dominant on the different levels of the layers and space scales. The same models of mass and energy transfer are instrumental in simulation rural electrification concepts in general on the bases renewable sources.

Privacy Perspective from Utilitarianism and Metaphysical Theories

2003 ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
Hasan A. Abbas ◽  
Salah M. Al-Fadhly
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Different Levels

The Internet is a hot issue nowadays because of its important role at different levels. The topic of privacy is a debatable issue: we read in the research field scholars for and against applying this concept in real life and how to deal with it. Most researchers mainly focus on this subject from a social studies perspective. This chapter takes a new approach and discusses this issue from a philosophical perspective where we use two ethical theories (Mill & Kant) to raise the important relevant points regarding this subject.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodical Aspects of Ensuring Sustainable Operation of the Businesses Considering Their Innovative Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Alexey Tikhonov ◽  
Sergey Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sustainable Operation ◽  
A Company ◽  
Different Levels

This article considers a new approach to ensuring the sustainable functioning of a company considering its innovative activity on the basis of the original tools developed by the author, including strictly regulated indicators of the organization's activity, ensuring its stability, and their flexible filling to maintain it through a timely targeted impact on their level. The paper shows the interaction of two different levels of indicators in their quantitative and qualitative cross section.

scholarly journals Functional Evaluation of Asibot: A New Approach on Portable Robotic System for Disabled People

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Jardón ◽  
Concepción A. Monje ◽  
Carlos Balaguer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Different Levels

In this work, an innovative robotic solution for human care and assistance is presented. Our main objective is to develop a new concept of portable robot able to support the elderly and those people with different levels of disability during the execution of daily tasks, such as washing their face or hands, brushing their teeth, combing their hair, eating, drinking, and bringing objects closer, among others. Our prototype, ASIBOT, is a five degrees of freedom (DOF) self-contained manipulator that includes the control system and electronic equipment on board. The main advantages of the robot are its light weight, about 11 kg for a 1.3 m reach, its autonomy, and its ability to move between different points (docking stations) of the room or from the environment to a wheelchair and vice versa, which facilitates its supportive functions. The functional evaluation of ASIBOT is addressed in this paper. For this purpose the robotic arm is tested in different experiments with disabled people, gathering and discussing the results according to a methodology that allows us to assess users' satisfaction.

scholarly journals Virtual reality – level of immersion within the crime investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 01031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Mach ◽  
Jan Valouch ◽  
Milan Adámek ◽  
Jiří Ševčík
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment ◽  
Crime Investigation ◽  
Crime Scenarios ◽  
Investigation Process ◽  
Different Levels

The 3D reconstruction and visualization of crime scenarios, such as criminal assaults, traffic accidents or homicides are defining a new approach with potential for increasing effectiveness within the criminal investigation process. Modern 3D capturing and processing methods are utilized to create an authentic and immersive virtual environment. Nonetheless, an immersion to virtual environment enables different levels of view. Virtual reality immersion views which are proposed and described. These views are specific by reasons of its role within the criminal investigation as well as its technical severity. Moreover, the possible methods for the design of proposed virtual views are analyzed and the next research steps are exposed.

On a New Approach to Mechanism Topology Identification

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Zhang ◽  
Q. Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Topology Identification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Extended Code ◽  
Abstraction Levels ◽  
Different Levels

This paper argues that different levels of mechanism topology should be considered in order to make the activity or tool of the computer comparison of mechanism topology more useful to support a whole design process of mechanisms. In this connection, four abstraction levels are identified to relate the different types of mechanism topology with reference to mechanism design tasks, processes or objectives. A new approach is developed to compare mechanism topology for all these levels. One of the ideas of this approach is to extend the existing incident degree code approach by identifying more features of mechanism topology and to define them into an extended code. This is further enhanced by an algorithm to perform permutation (without a need of exhaustive enumeration) within a group of vertices that have the same features. Examples are given to show how the approach works. Compared with some existing methods for mechanism topology identification, this approach is shown to be more effective and efficient.

Cremated Human Remains from Point of Pines, Arizona: A New Approach

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Merbs
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Human Osteology ◽  
Skeletal Anomalies ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Discrete Traits ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThe traditional approaches of comparative human osteology have proven largely unsatisfactory in attempts to determine biological relationships among human populations which cremated their dead. However, one category of information, that of discrete traits or skeletal anomalies, has been largely ignored. Cremations from Point of Pines, Arizona, were analyzed to determine if this kind of information, along with that usually sought from skeletal material, could be obtained in sufficient quantity to make comparative biological studies feasible. The results were encouraging, but they indicate that extraordinary care will be required in the future excavation and storage of cremated material.

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