scholarly journals Pixel personality for dense object tracking in a 2D honeybee hive

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bozek ◽  
Laetitia Hebert ◽  
Alexander S Mikheyev ◽  
Greg J Stephens
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Irregular Motion ◽  
Object Trajectories ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Multiobject Tracking ◽  
Model Environment

AbstractTracking large numbers of densely-arranged, interacting objects is challenging due to occlusions and the resulting complexity of possible trajectory combinations, as well as the sparsity of relevant, labeled datasets. Here we describe a novel technique of collective tracking in the model environment of a 2D honeybee hive in which sample colonies consist of N ∼ 103 highly similar individuals, tightly packed, and in rapid, irregular motion. Such a system offers universal challenges for multiobject tracking, while being conveniently accessible for image recording. We first apply an accurate, segmentation-based object detection method to build initial short trajectory segments by matching object configurations based on class, position and orientation. We then join these tracks into full single object trajectories by creating an object recognition model which is adaptively trained to recognize honeybee individuals through their visual appearance across multiple frames, an attribute we denote as pixel personality. Overall, we reconstruct ∼ 46% of the trajectories in 5 min recordings from two different hives and over 71% of the tracks for at least 2 min. We provide validated trajectories spanning 3, 000 video frames of 876 unmarked moving bees in two distinct colonies in different locations and filmed with different pixel resolutions, which we expect to be useful in the further development of general-purpose tracking solutions.

Antibody Screening Results for Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibodies Towards the Development of a SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antigen Detecting Lateral Flow Assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cate ◽  
Helen Hsieh ◽  
Veronika Glukhova ◽  
Joshua D Bishop ◽  
H Gleda Hermansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Antibody Screening ◽  
Liquid Handling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Assay Conditions

<p></p><p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent demand for large numbers of inexpensive, accurate, rapid, point-of-care diagnostic tests. Analyte-based assays are suitably inexpensive and can be rapidly mass-produced, but for sufficiently accurate performance they require highly optimized antibodies and assay conditions. We used an automated liquid handling system, customized to handle arrays of lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) tests in a high-throughput screen, to identify anti-nucleocapsid antibodies that will perform optimally in an LFA. We tested 1021 anti-nucleocapsid antibody pairs as LFA capture and detection reagents with the goal of highlighting pairs that have the greatest affinity for unique epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 within the LFA format. In contrast to traditional antibody screening methods (e.g., ELISA, bio-layer interferometry), the method described here integrates real-time reaction kinetics with transport in, and immobilization directly onto, nitrocellulose. We have identified several candidate antibody pairs that are suitable for further development of an LFA for SARS-CoV-2.</p><p></p>

scholarly journals Antibody Screening Results for Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibodies Towards the Development of a SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antigen Detecting Lateral Flow Assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cate ◽  
Helen Hsieh ◽  
Veronika Glukhova ◽  
Joshua D Bishop ◽  
H Gleda Hermansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Antibody Screening ◽  
Liquid Handling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Assay Conditions

<p></p><p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent demand for large numbers of inexpensive, accurate, rapid, point-of-care diagnostic tests. Analyte-based assays are suitably inexpensive and can be rapidly mass-produced, but for sufficiently accurate performance they require highly optimized antibodies and assay conditions. We used an automated liquid handling system, customized to handle arrays of lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) tests in a high-throughput screen, to identify anti-nucleocapsid antibodies that will perform optimally in an LFA. We tested 1021 anti-nucleocapsid antibody pairs as LFA capture and detection reagents with the goal of highlighting pairs that have the greatest affinity for unique epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 within the LFA format. In contrast to traditional antibody screening methods (e.g., ELISA, bio-layer interferometry), the method described here integrates real-time reaction kinetics with transport in, and immobilization directly onto, nitrocellulose. We have identified several candidate antibody pairs that are suitable for further development of an LFA for SARS-CoV-2.</p><p></p>

scholarly journals Estimating Body Related Soft Biometric Traits in Video Frames

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olasimbo Ayodeji Arigbabu ◽  
Sharifah Mumtazah Syed Ahmad ◽  
Wan Azizun Wan Adnan ◽  
Salman Yussof ◽  
Vahab Iranmanesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Visual Surveillance ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Single View ◽  
Soft Biometrics ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Low Frame Rate ◽  
Biometric Information

Soft biometrics can be used as a prescreening filter, either by using single trait or by combining several traits to aid the performance of recognition systems in an unobtrusive way. In many practical visual surveillance scenarios, facial information becomes difficult to be effectively constructed due to several varying challenges. However, from distance the visual appearance of an object can be efficiently inferred, thereby providing the possibility of estimating body related information. This paper presents an approach for estimating body related soft biometrics; specifically we propose a new approach based on body measurement and artificial neural network for predicting body weight of subjects and incorporate the existing technique on single view metrology for height estimation in videos with low frame rate. Our evaluation on 1120 frame sets of 80 subjects from a newly compiled dataset shows that the mentioned soft biometric information of human subjects can be adequately predicted from set of frames.

scholarly journals Electronic Nose Based on Nanomaterials: Issues, Challenges, and Prospects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan S. Ramgir
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Further Development

The ability to precisely control the morphology and dimension coupled with the tunable surface reactivity has led to the widespread investigation of nanomaterials for various device applications. The associated high surface area to volume ratio implies that large numbers of atom are residing on the surface and are available for interaction. Accordingly, nanomaterials have demonstrated the potential to realize sensors with ultrahigh sensitivities and fast response kinetics. The smaller size further provides the possibility of miniaturization and integration of large number of devices. All these properties makes them an attractive candidate for the fabrication of electronic nose or e-nose. E-nose is an intelligent chemical-array sensor system that mimics the mammalian olfactory system. The present paper critically reviews the recent development in the field of nanomaterials based e-nose devices. In particular, this paper is focused on the description of nanomaterials for e-nose application, specifically on the promising approaches that are going to contribute towards the further development of this field. Various issues related to successful utilization of different nanomaterials for commercial application are discussed, taking help from the literature. The review concludes by briefing the important steps taken towards the commercialization and highlighting the loopholes that are still to be addressed.

scholarly journals A Metropolis-class sampler for targets with non-convex support

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Moriarty ◽  
Jure Vogrinc ◽  
Alessandro Zocca
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Law Of Large Numbers ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Strong Law ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Random Walk Metropolis ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Random Walk Metropolis Algorithm

AbstractWe aim to improve upon the exploration of the general-purpose random walk Metropolis algorithm when the target has non-convex support $$A\subset {\mathbb {R}}^d$$ A ⊂ R d , by reusing proposals in $$A^c$$ A c which would otherwise be rejected. The algorithm is Metropolis-class and under standard conditions the chain satisfies a strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem. Theoretical and numerical evidence of improved performance relative to random walk Metropolis are provided. Issues of implementation are discussed and numerical examples, including applications to global optimisation and rare event sampling, are presented.

scholarly journals Phytotherapy for diabetes mellitus; A review of Middle Eastern and North African folk medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sara S Abouzekry ◽  
Marwa T Badawy ◽  
Nada M Ezzelarab ◽  
Ahmed Abdellatif
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
North African ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Further Development

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the most common metabolic disorders affecting huge number of people worldwide. Despite the availability of large numbers of drugs in the market to treat the disease, there is still a need for new sources to deal with the problem and avoid side effects. In the pursuit of discovering safer and more effective anti-diabetic drugs, herbal and folk medicine drugs from regions all over the world have captured researchers’ interest. Middle Eastern and North African medicinal plants contain a variety of pharmacologically active components that have shown to possess promising anti-diabetic potential. However, few data have been reported about medicinal plants from these regions in comparison to plants from other regions. Anti-diabetic medicinal plants from the MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) region, their role in controlling DM, and suggested mechanisms for the anti-diabetic activity of some medicinal plants are discussed in this review. Many of these plants have not been fully investigated and characterized, yet they have great potential for further development as anti-diabetic drugs.

Protein-Ligand Binding Enthalpies from Near-Millisecond Simulations: Analysis of a Preorganization Paradox

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Li ◽  
Michael Gilson
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Configurational Entropy ◽  
Sh2 Domain ◽  
Relative Binding ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Explicit Solvent ◽  
Calorimetric Studies ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Further Development

Calorimetric studies of protein-ligand binding often yield thermodynamic data that are difficult to explain in physical terms. Today, explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations are fast enough that we can begin to use them to look for explanations of such thermodynamic puzzles. Additionally, when such simulations generate results that do not agree well with experiment, this may motivate further development of computational methods and force fields. Here, we apply near-millisecond duration simulations to compute and analyze the binding of four peptidic ligands with the Grb2 SH2 domain, focusing on relative binding enthalpies. The ligands fall into matched pairs, which differ only in the presence or absence of a conformationally constraining bond, which preorganizes two of the ligands for binding. Prior experimental work had revealed, unexpectedly, that binding of the constrained ligands is favored enthalpically, rather than entropically, relative to their flexible<br>analogs. However, the present calculations yield the opposite trend. On further analysis, the computed relative binding enthalpies are found to be small balances of much larger underlying differences in the mean energies of structural components, such as the ligand and the binding site residues. As a consequence, the deviations from experiment in the relative binding enthalpies represent small differences between these large numbers. We also computed first order estimates of changes in configurational entropy on binding. These suggest that the more rigid constrained ligands reduce the entropy of binding site residues more than their flexible analogs do. The implications of these calculations for the use of simulations to understand the thermodynamics of molecular recognition, and for the computational analysis of binding thermodynamics, are discussed.

Embodiment of Evolutionary Computation in General Agents

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Smith ◽  
Claudio Bonacina ◽  
Paul Kearney ◽  
Walter Merlat
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Computation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Software Agents ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
General Network ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
General Purpose Software

Holland's Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems largely dealt with how systems, comprised of many self-interested entities, can and should adapt as a whole. This seminal book led to the last 25 years of work in geneticalgorithms (GAs) and related forms of evolutionary computation (EC). In recent years, the expansion of the Internet, other telecommunications technologies, and other large scale networks have led to a world where large numbers of semi-autonomous software entities (i.e., agents) will be interacting in an open, universal system. This development cast the importance of Holland's legacy in a new light. This paper argues that Holland's fundamental arguments, and the years of developments that have followed, have a direct impact on systems of general network agents, regardless of whether they explicitly exploit EC. However, it also argues that the techniques and theories of EC cannot be directly transferred to the world of general agents (rather than EC-specific) without examination of effects that are embodied in general software agents. This paper introduces a framework for EC interchanges between general-purpose software agents. Preliminary results are shown that illustrate the EC effects of asynchronous actions of agents within this framework. Building on this framework, coevolutionary agents that interact in a simulated producer/consumer economy are introduced. Using these preliminary results as illustrations, areas for future investigation of embodied EC software agents are discussed.

scholarly journals Use of shielding integral benchmark archive and database for nucleardata validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 18001
Author(s):  
I. Kodeli ◽  
O. Cabellos ◽  
L. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Data Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Data Validation ◽  
Scope Test ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Evaluated Nuclear Data

Shielding benchmarks were extensively used for the validation and improvement of nuclear data since many years. Recent evaluations however mostly rely on the validation using critical benchmarks, which can introduce biases and compensation effects. A new Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation Subgroup 47 (WPEC SG47) entitled "Use of Shielding Integral Benchmark Archive and Database for Nuclear Data Validation" was started in June 2019 with the objective to promote further development and use of Shielding Integral Benchmark Archive and Database (SINBAD) and thus contribute to the diversification of the nuclear data validation practice by including more extensively other types of integral measurements, such as shielding benchmarks, in the validation and evaluation procedure. Use of shielding benchmarks is expected to provide a wider-scope test of the performance of the evaluated nuclear data and would ultimately contribute to a production of more general-purpose cross-section evaluations.

scholarly journals Integrated approaches to identifying cryptic bat species in areas of high endemism: the case of Rhinolophus andamanensis in the Andaman Islands

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelmala Srinivasulu ◽  
Aditya Srinivasulu ◽  
Bhargavi Srinivasulu ◽  
Gareth Jones
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Integrated Approaches ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Data ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Nocturnal Mammals

AbstractThe diversity of bats worldwide includes large numbers of cryptic species, partly because divergence in acoustic traits such as echolocation calls are under stronger selection than differences in visual appearance in these nocturnal mammals. Island faunas often contain disproportionate numbers of endemic species, and hence we might expect cryptic, endemic species to be discovered relatively frequently in bats inhabiting islands. Species are best defined when multiple lines of evidence supports their diagnosis. Here we use morphometric, acoustic, and molecular phylogenetic data to show that a horseshoe bat in the Andaman Islands is distinct in all three aspects, supporting its description as a newly described endemic species. We recommend investigation into possible new and endemic bat species on islands by using integrated approaches that provide independent lines of evidence for taxonomic distinctiveness. We provide a formal description of the new species – Rhinolophus andamanensis Dobson, 1872.

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