scholarly journals GNI-A1 mediates trade-off between grain number and grain weight in tetraploid wheat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Golan ◽  
Idan Ayalon ◽  
Aviad Perry ◽  
Gil Zimran ◽  
Toluwanimi Ade-Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
C Terminus

AbstractGrain yield is a highly polygenic trait determined by the number of grains per unit area, as well as by grain weight. In wheat, grain number and grain weight are usually negatively correlated. Yet, the genetic basis underlying trade-off between the two is mostly unknown. Here, we fine-mapped a grain weight QTL using wild emmer introgressions in a durum wheat background, and showed that grain weight is associated with the GNI-A1 gene, a regulator of floret fertility. In-depth characterization of grain number and grain weight indicated that suppression of distal florets by the wild emmer GNI-A1 allele increase weight of proximal grains in basal and central spikelets due to alteration in assimilate distribution. Re-sequencing of GNI-A1 in tetraploid wheat demonstrated the rich allelic repertoire of the wild emmer gene pool, including a rare allele which was present in two gene copies and contained a non-synonymous mutation in the C-terminus of the protein. Using an F2 population generated from a cross between wild emmer accessions Zavitan, which carries the rare allele, and TTD140, we demonstrated that this unique polymorphism is associated with grain weight, independent of grain number. Moreover, we showed, for the first time, that GNI-A1 proteins are transcriptional activators and that selection in domesticated wheat targeted compromised activity of the protein. Our finding expand the knowledge of the genetic basis underlying trade-off between key yield components and may contribute to breeding efforts for enhanced grain yield.

scholarly journals GNI-A1 mediates trade-off between grain number and grain weight in tetraploid wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (8) ◽  
pp. 2353-2365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Golan ◽  
Idan Ayalon ◽  
Aviad Perry ◽  
Gil Zimran ◽  
Toluwanimi Ade-Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cogliatti ◽  
F. Bongiorno ◽  
H. Dalla Valle ◽  
W J Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis ◽  
Late Sowing

Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index, percent lodging, and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity). Although genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits, the additive differences between accessions were sufficient to enable promising breeding materials to be identified. Accessions superior in performance to the local Argentinean population, which in general gave values close to the overall mean of the accessions evaluated, were identified. For example, a population of Moroccan origin gave good yield associated with elevated values of the highly heritable character grain weight, rather than with the more commonly observed grain number per square meter. This population was also of relatively short stature and resistant to lodging, and, although it performed best when sown within the normal sowing date, tolerated late sowing fairly well. Other accessions were also observed with high grain weight, a useful characteristic in itself, since large grains are desirable from a quality point of view. Regarding phenology, the accessions showed a range of 160 degree days (8 calendar days in our conditions) in maturity, which, while not large in magnitude, may be of some utility in crop rotation management. Some accessions were well adapted to late sowing. Grain yield in general was strongly correlated with grain number per square meter. Principal components analysis (PCA) carried out for all characteristics provided indications of accessions combining useful characteristics and identified three components that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, a second PCA plus regression showed that approximately 60% of the variation in grain yield could be explained by a component associated with harvest index and grain number per square meter. Pointers were provided to possible future breeding targets.Key words: Phalaris canariensis, canaryseed, accessions, yield, phenology, genetics, breeding

Trade-off between grain weight and grain number in wheat depends on GxE interaction: A case study of an elite CIMMYT panel (CIMCOG)

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Quintero ◽  
Gemma Molero ◽  
Matthew P. Reynolds ◽  
Daniel F. Calderini
Keyword(s):  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Gxe Interaction

scholarly journals The impact of source or sink limitations on yield formation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to post-anthesis water and nitrogen deficiencies

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Madani ◽  
A. Shirani-Rad ◽  
A. Pazoki ◽  
G. Nourmohammadi ◽  
R. Zarghami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiencies ◽  
Rainfed Wheat ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
The Impact

The experiments were laid out to understand the mechanisms causing yield limitations imposed by post-anthesis water and nitrogen deficiencies in plants with modified source-sink ratios. Two soil-water regimes were allotted to the main plots. At anthesis, three levels of N were applied: none, 25% and 50% of total the N supply. Spike-halving caused reduction in grain yield at both water regimes and all N supply levels, showing that the reduction in grain number can not be compensated by a higher individual grain weight. Sink reduction by trimming 50% of the spikelets reduced grain number per ear by 38.5% and increased individual grain weight by 12.0%, which shows the plasticity in grain weight and grain set of wheat if sufficient assimilates are available. Additional nitrogen supply at anthesis had no significant effect on the total aboveground biomass, but increased grain yield through more allocation of dry matter to grains. Our findings suggest that for rainfed wheat with optimum N supply and supplemental irrigation, wheat growers should choose cultivars with a high grain number per ear and manage the crop to increase grain number per unit of land (sink capacity).

scholarly journals Correlation, Regression and Path analysis among yield and yield traits in Triticum dicoccum

1970 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Maysoun M. Saleh ◽  
Dyab S. Moussa ◽  
Nader I. Alkaraki ◽  
Abbas Lateef Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Triticum Dicoccum ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Significant Regression

Seven wheat genotypes (Triticum dicoccum) and the local check sham5 were planted all at Al-Ghab and Izra Research centers in The General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research in Syria during growing season 2010/2011. Yield components (number of total and fertile tillers per plant, number and weight of grains per spike, weight of thousand grain and individual plant grain yield) were studied in two sites in order to predict their effect and to determine their effects on grain yield in order to define selection criteria for grain yield. Results revealed all studied traits except total tillers number were positively correlated with grain yield, and only (fertile tillers number and grain number per spike and grain weight per spike) had a significant regression with grain yield and these traits can explain about (27.6, 67.7, 62.2)% respectively of the variation final grain yield. Results of path analysis indicated that the direct effect of fertile tillers per plant and grain weight per spike on grain yield was positive and high (0.6178, 0.7563) respectively, so that we can depend on them in breeding program as selection criteria to increase grain yield in plant.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of a natural polymorphism in FT-A2 associated with increased number of grains per spike in wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Glenn ◽  
Junli Zhang ◽  
Gina Brown-Guedira ◽  
Noah DeWitt ◽  
Jason P. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

Abstract Key message We discovered a natural FT-A2 allele that increases grain number per spike in both pasta and bread wheat with limited effect on heading time. Abstract Increases in wheat grain yield are necessary to meet future global food demands. A previous study showed that loss-of-function mutations in FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) increase spikelet number per spike (SNS), an important grain yield component. However, these mutations were also associated with reduced fertility, offsetting the beneficial effect of the increases in SNS on grain number. Here, we report a natural mutation resulting in an aspartic acid to alanine change at position 10 (D10A) associated with significant increases in SNS and no negative effects on fertility. Using a high-density genetic map, we delimited the SNS candidate region to a 5.2-Mb region on chromosome 3AS including 28 genes. Among them, only FT-A2 showed a non-synonymous polymorphism (D10A) present in two different populations segregating for the SNS QTL on chromosome arm 3AS. These results, together with the known effect of the ft-A2 mutations on SNS, suggest that variation in FT-A2 is the most likely cause of the observed differences in SNS. We validated the positive effects of the A10 allele on SNS, grain number, and grain yield per spike in near-isogenic tetraploid wheat lines and in an hexaploid winter wheat population. The A10 allele is present at very low frequency in durum wheat and at much higher frequency in hexaploid wheat, particularly in winter and fall-planted spring varieties. These results suggest that the FT-A2 A10 allele may be particularly useful for improving grain yield in durum wheat and fall-planted common wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Grain number and grain weight as determinants of triticale, wheat, two-rowed and six-rowed barley yield in the Pannonian environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Mirosavljević ◽  
Vojislava Momčilović ◽  
Srbislav Denčić ◽  
Sanja Mikić ◽  
Dragana Trkulja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Growing Seasons

Climate significantly affects cropping systems across Europe. Knowledge of the variability in grain number per unit area and grain weight across different growing seasons and its association with grain yield is important for further improving small grain crop production. The main aim of this study was to compare grain yield and its numerical components among triticale, wheat, two-rowed and six-rowed barley cultivars across different growing seasons in a typical Pannonian location (south-eastern part of Central Europe). Trials with twelve winter cereal genotypes (three two-rowed barley, three six-rowed barley, three wheat and three triticale genotypes) were carried out in four successive seasons in Novi Sad, Serbia. Results of this study showed that growing season, species, cultivar, and species × growing season interaction significantly (p<0.01) affected grain yield and its determinants. Generally, triticale had higher average grain yield, while the lowest grain yield was recorded in six-rowed barleys. Grain yield was more associated with the number of grains/m2 than with grain weight. Heading date was recognized as one of the important adaptive traits in crop development and yield determination. Short duration of the pre-anthesis phase in early cultivars and delayed anthesis in late cultivars significantly decreased the number of grains/spike in different species/spike types, reducing the final grain yield. Medium early cultivars had the highest number of grains/spike due to optimal duration of the pre-anthesis period and heading date and are suggested as recommendable for large scale production in the Pannonian environments.

scholarly journals Effects of Sowing Time and Growing Density on Agronomic Traits, Grain Yield, and Grain Quality of Waxy Sorghum Cultivar Hongliangfeng 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Can Wang ◽  
Lingbo Zhou ◽  
Guobing Zhang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Xu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sowing time and growing density on the yield and quality of grain in waxy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). The main plots were two sowing time: early sowing (5 April) and late sowing (20 April), and the subplots were three growing densities: 0.8 &times; 105, 1.1 &times; 105, and 1.4 &times; 105 plants/ha. Results showed that sowing time and growing density had significant effects on grain yield and grain quality of waxy sorghum cultivar Hongliangfeng 1. Grain yield, plant height, spike length, culm diameter, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein content, starch content, and amylopectin content were reduced by a delay of sowing time, while the tannin content and amylose content were increased by a delay of sowing time. Grain yield, plant height, spike length, culm diameter, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein content, starch content, and amylopectin content increased and then decreased with the increase of growing density, while the tannin content and amylose content decreased and then increased with the increase of growing density. These results hinted that appropriate sowing time and growing density are key cultivation measures to ensure high yield and good quality&nbsp;in waxy sorghum production.

scholarly journals Effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on yield and yield components of spring wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Aino Laitinen ◽  
Tapio Juuti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Data from two experiments was analysed in order to determine the effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on the yield of spring wheat. In the first experiment the cultivar Hankkija’s Taava was artificially inoculated with low spore concentration suspensions of S. nodorum. The resulting disease reduced grain yield by 10%, 1000-grain weight by 14%, and hectorlitre weight by 5.7 %. An examination of the ears from the main stems revealed that the pathogen induced a reduction in all yield components but especially in grain number/ear and grain weight. In the second experiment a total of 28 cultivars or lines were studied and the correlation between grain yield/ear and disease severity was found to be negative but low. No consistent trend among the correlations was seen and some susceptible cultivars suffered only slightly from the disease while other fairly resistant cultivars showed great losses. The results are discussed in relation to compensatory mechanisms and potential disease tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF TILLERING IN WHEAT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH GRAIN YIELD 2. CONTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES OF THE MAIN STEM AND PRIMARY TILLERS IN THE NUMBER OF SPIKELET AND GRAIN NUMBER AND WEIGHT OF 1000 GRAINS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood & Al- Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A Factorial experiment were conducted at the experimental  farm of Field Crop College of Agriculture University of Baghdad Jadiria the winter Season of 2014-2015. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen levels on Regulation of tillering in wheat and  its relationship with grain yield and it's components. Treatments were distributed in Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Black Design (RCBD) with three replicates and with four seeding  rates (60,80,100 and 120 kg.ha-1) and fertilized with four nitrogen levels (50,100,150 and 200 kgN.ha-1). The results showed that there were significant differences between two factors of study and their interaction on the number of spiklet, grain number and 1000 grain weight during the growing season. Main stem produced the highest average of spiklet number 19.23 spiklet.spike-1, grain number 46.82 grain.spike-1 and 1000 grain weight 41.739 compared to other primary tillers (tiller1,tiller2,tiller3). Concerning the seeding rate 60 kg.ha-1 resulted in the highest average of spiklet number 16.24 spiklet.spike-1, grain number 32.95 grain.spike-1 and 1000 grain weight 27.52 compared to other seed rates. The N level 100 kg.ha-1 gave the highest average of spiklet number 16.49 spiklet.spike-1, grain number 32.95 grain.spike-1 and 1000 grain weight 27.52 compared to other N levels. The Main Stem and Primary Tillers contribution Differed in the Number of Spiklet, Grain Number and 1000 grain weight between the factors of study, where the percentage contribution of main stem 31.65, 38.26 and 37.28 % respectively compared to the tillers (tiller1, tiller2, tiller3) which amounted to 27.43, 24.79 and 16.14 % respectively in the spiklets number, 28.00, 23.36 and 10.38 % respectively in grains number and 31.80, 20.37 and 10.56 % respectively in 1000 grain weight. We conclude that the total contribution of the primary tillers percentages in the Number of Spiklet, Grain Number and 1000 grain weight Exceeds the contribution of main stem an increase of 53.69 and 38.03 and 40.56 % respectively within two factors of study.

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