scholarly journals Hemocyte subpopulation changes in Bithynia snails infected with Opisthorchis viverrini in Thailand.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulwadee Suwannatrai ◽  
Apiporn Thinkhamrop Suwannatrai ◽  
Chalermlap Donthaisong ◽  
Patpicha Arunsan ◽  
Kavin Thinkhamrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Molecular Functions ◽  
Viverrini Infection

The Bithynia snails of B. funiculata, B. siamensis siamensis and B. siamensis goniomphalos, are first intermediate hosts of Opisthorchis viverrini. The success of parasitic infection in snails is related to the host species and efficiency of their internal defense system. Parasitic infections in snails exhibited significant variations in the number of hemocytes in hemolymph. This study investigated hemocyte counts in Bithynia snails for various durations of O. viverrini infection. The three species/subspecies snails were infected with O. viverrini and hemocytes were counted at post-exposed periods of 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 h, and 1, 4 and 8 wk to evaluate the hemocyte response to the infection. Three major hemocyte morphotypes, namely, agranulocytes, semigranulocytes and granulocytes, were observed. After infection, the differential hemocyte morphotype counts in all species/subspecies significantly increased in granulocytes at 2 h (p < 0.05) and decreased in semigranulocytes and agranulocytes at 2 to 4 h (p < 0.05). The total hemocyte counts were significant increased at 2 h after exposure in B. s. siamensis and B. funiculata (p < 0.05). Additionally, the number of hemocytes was reduced after exposure at 4, 6 and 12 h in B. s. goniomphalos and at 12, 24 and 48 h in B. funiculata (p < 0.05). From 96 h to 8 wk, the number of hemocytes was reestablished in the hemolymph, indicating that defensive cells in the host species have different mechanisms for their susceptibility or resistance to parasitic infections. Further studies on molecular functions will be done.

Infection with acanthocephalans increases the vulnerability of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda) to non-host invertebrate predators

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. KALDONSKI ◽  
M.-J. PERROT-MINNOT ◽  
S. MOTREUIL ◽  
F. CÉZILLY
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gammarus Pulex ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Trophic Transmission ◽  
Orconectes Limosus ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Infected Prey

SUMMARYPhenotypic alterations induced by parasites in their intermediate hosts often result in enhanced trophic transmission to appropriate final hosts. However, such alterations may also increase the vulnerability of intermediate hosts to predation by non-host species. We studied the influence of both infection with 3 different acanthocephalan parasites (Pomphorhynchus laevis, P. tereticollis, and Polymorphus minutus) and the availability of refuges on the susceptibility of the amphipod Gammarus pulex to predation by 2 non-host predators in microcosms. Only infection with P. laevis increased the vulnerability of amphipods to predation by crayfish, Orconectes limosus. In contrast, in the absence of refuges, the selectivity of water scorpions, Nepa cinerea, for infected prey was significant and did not differ according to parasite species. When a refuge was available for infected prey, however, water scorpion selectivity for infected prey differed between parasite species. Both P. tereticollis- and P. laevis-infected gammarids were more vulnerable than uninfected ones, whereas the reverse was true of P. minutus-infected gammarids. These results suggest that the true consequences of phenotypic changes associated with parasitic infection in terms of increased trophic transmission of parasites deserve further assessment.

Opisthorchis viverrini infection in the snail and fish intermediate hosts in Central Vietnam

Acta Tropica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Thanh Thi Dao ◽  
Veronique Dermauw ◽  
Sarah Gabriël ◽  
Apiporn Suwannatrai ◽  
Smarn Tesana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Viverrini Infection

scholarly journals Efficiency of the Stool-PCR Test Targeting NADH Dehydrogenase (Nad) Subunits for Detection of Opisthorchis viverrini Eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wansika Phadungsil ◽  
Supaporn Pumpa ◽  
Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn ◽  
Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc ◽  
Rudi Grams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Viverrini Infection

Opisthorchis viverrini infection is the major parasitic infection problem in Southeast Asian countries, and long-term infection will lead to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the bile duct cancer. The early diagnosis of O. viverrini infection may interrupt the progression of the opisthorchiasis and other related illnesses, especially CCA. The current diagnostic procedure is stool examination by microscope-based methods such as direct smear and concentration techniques but it is limited by low parasite egg numbers. The molecular diagnosis prompts the chance to evaluate the light infection with low number of parasite eggs but is currently inconvenient for routine use due to special equipment requirement and unstable sensitivities. Our present study aims to establish the efficiency of OvNad subunits, the mitochondrial gene, for introducing as a potential diagnostic target by conventional PCR, the cheapest and easiest molecular procedure. A total of 166 stool samples were investigated microscopically by the PBS-ethyl acetate concentration technique (PECT); 75 samples were O. viverrini positive with 28 samples that were positive with single parasite (hookworm, A. lumbricoides, S. stercoralis, Taenia spp., and T. trichiura), 11 samples were with mixed infection, and 52 samples were without parasite detection. The detection limits of OvNad subunits were evaluated in artificially spiked samples containing 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 Ov-eggs. The result suggested that the best detection efficacy was of OvNad5 that had exact detection limits at only 5 eggs. In the PCR amplification of OvNad subunits, there exist 100% specificities with varied sensitivities from 64%, 88%, 80%, and 100% of OvNad1, OvNad2, OvNad4, and OvNad5, respectively. OvNad subunits were amplified specifically without cross reactivity with the other collected parasites. Our study established that OvNad subunits, especially OvNad5, are the potent candidates for PCR amplification of stool containing Ov-eggs with high confidential sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV even in the light infection that would be a benefit for developing as a routine diagnosis of O. viverrini infection.

What are Hidden Facts behind Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Ilam City?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
S. Viesy ◽  
J. Abdi ◽  
Z. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are the one of the most common health problems in developing countries. Objective: A number of patients die annually due to complications caused by these parasites.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the rate and type of parasitic infections, determine the factors affecting them in Ilam city and also provide strategies to prevent them.In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in one of the Ilam labs in 2016, 417 stool specimens were randomly collected. All specimens were examined using direct and ethanol formaldehyde.Suspect specimens were examined using Trichrom staining. Demographic information was also recorded in a questionnaire, and finally the results were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20.The data were then compared with Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 417 patients examined, 59 (14.1%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The type of parasitic infection in 9.4% was Blastocystis hominis, 3.6% Entamoeba coli, 0.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% Giardia and 0.2% Trichomonas hominis. Conclusion: Despite the improvement of public health, parasitic infections are still considered as one of the health problems in the city of Ilam. Therefore, proper planning, public health education, raising the level of health in the area and the provision of safe drinking water are some of the ways to reduce parasitic infections in the region.

scholarly journals Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Veronica Folliero ◽  
Carla Zannella ◽  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
Debora Stelitano ◽  
Annalisa Ambrosino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Molecular Volume ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

Despite advances in medical knowledge, parasitic diseases remain a significant global health burden and their pharmacological treatment is often hampered by drug toxicity. Therefore, drug delivery systems may provide useful advantages when used in combination with conventional therapeutic compounds. Dendrimers are three-dimensional polymeric structures, characterized by a central core, branches and terminal functional groups. These nanostructures are known for their defined structure, great water solubility, biocompatibility and high encapsulation ability against a wide range of molecules. Furthermore, the high ratio between terminal groups and molecular volume render them a hopeful vector for drug delivery. These nanostructures offer several advantages compared to conventional drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. Dendrimers deliver drugs to target sites with reduced dosage, solving side effects that occur with accepted marketed drugs. In recent years, extensive progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes for the management of parasitic infections. The present review highlights the potential of several dendrimers in the management of parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Intestinal Parasites among Patients Admitted to Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azan A. Nyundo ◽  
David Z. Munisi ◽  
Ainory P. Gesase
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stool Samples

Background. Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility.Method. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residing patients that met the inclusion criteria were included in the survey. Stool samples were collected and examined by direct wet preparation and formol-ether concentration. Data were analyzed with STATA version 12.1; Chi-square test was computed to determine the level of significance atpvalue < 0.05.Results.Of all 233 patients who returned the stool samples, 29 (12.45%) screened were positive for an intestinal parasite. There was no significant association between parasite carriage and age, sex, or duration of hospital stay.Conclusion. The study shows that intestinal parasitic infection is common among patients in a psychiatric facility and highlights that parasitic infections that enter through skin penetration may be a more common mode of transmission than the oral route. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for surveillance and intervention programs to control and manage these infections.

Reversal of biliary tract abnormalities associated with Opisthorchis viverrini infection following praziquantel treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eimorn Mairiang ◽  
Melissa R. Haswell-Elkins ◽  
Pisaln Mairiang ◽  
Paiboon Sithithaworn ◽  
David B. Elkins
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Praziquantel Treatment ◽  
Viverrini Infection

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta as a potential biomarker for Opisthorchis viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Sattrachai Prasopdee ◽  
Yodying Yingchutrakul ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Montinee Pholhelm ◽  
Teva Phanaksri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Catalytic Subunit ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Viverrini Infection

scholarly journals THE UTILITY OF BLOOD AND BONE MARROW FILMS AND TREPHINE BIOPSY SECTIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e2015039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Miller ◽  
Barbara Bain
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Bone Marrow Examination ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Trephine Biopsy ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Blood Examination

The laboratory haematologist has a role in the diagnosis of parasitic infections. Peripheral blood examination is critical in the diagnosis of malaria, babesiosis, filariasis and trypanosomiasis. Bone marrow examination is important in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis and occasionally leads to the diagnosis of other parasitic infections. The detection of eosinophilia or iron deficiency anaemia can alert the laboratory haematologist or physician to the possibility of parasitic infection. In addition to morphological skills, an adequate clinical history is important for speedy and accurate diagnosis, particularly in non-endemic areas.

scholarly journals Parasitic Infections Associated with Unfavourable Outcomes in Transplant Recipients

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Wołyniec ◽  
Małgorzata Sulima ◽  
Marcin Renke ◽  
Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Disseminated Disease

Introduction. The immunosuppression used after transplantation (Tx) is associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infections. In Europe, parasitic infections after Tx are much less common than viral, bacterial and fungal ones. However, diseases caused by parasites are very common in tropical countries. In the last years the number of travellers with immunosuppression visiting tropical countries has increased. Methods. We performed a literature review to evaluate a risk of parasitic infections after Tx in Europe. Results. There is a real risk of parasitic infection in patients after Tx travelling to tropical countries. Malaria, leishmaniasis, strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis are the most dangerous and relatively common. Although the incidence of these tropical infections after Tx has not increased, the course of disease could be fatal. There are also some cosmopolitan parasitic infections dangerous for patients after Tx. The greatest threat in Europe is toxoplasmosis, especially in heart and bone marrow recipients. The most severe manifestations of toxoplasmosis are myocarditis, encephalitis and disseminated disease. Diarrhoea is one of the most common symptoms of parasitic infection. In Europe the most prevalent pathogens causing diarrhoea are Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium. Conclusions. Solid organ and bone marrow transplantations, blood transfusions and immunosuppressive treatment are associated with a small but real risk of parasitic infections in European citizens. In patients with severe parasitic infection, i.e., those with lung or brain involvement or a disseminated disease, the progression is very rapid and the prognosis is bad. Establishing a diagnosis before the patient’s death is challenging.

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