scholarly journals Inferring phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation to climate across tree species ranges using forest inventory data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Fréjaville ◽  
Bruno Fady ◽  
Antoine Kremer ◽  
Alexis Ducousso ◽  
Marta Benito Garzón
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Distribution Ranges

ABSTRACTAimTo test whether adaptive and plastic trait responses to climate across species distribution ranges can be untangled using field observations, under the rationale that, in natural forest tree populations, long-term climate shapes local adaptation while recent climate change drives phenotypic plasticity.LocationEurope.Time period1901-2014.TaxaSilver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.).MethodsWe estimated the variation of individual tree height as a function of long-term and short-term climates to tease apart local adaptation, plasticity and their interaction, using mixed-effect models calibrated with National Forest Inventory data (in-situ models). To validate our approach, we tested the ability of in-situ models to predict independently tree height observations in common gardens where local adaptation to climate of populations and their plasticity can be measured and separated. In-situ model predictions of tree height variation among provenances (populations of different geographical origin) and among planting sites were compared to observations in common gardens and to predictions from a similar model calibrated using common garden data (ex-situ model).ResultsIn Q. petraea, we found high correlations between in-situ and ex-situ model predictions of provenance and plasticity effects and their interaction on tree height (r > 0.80). We showed that the in-situ models significantly predicted tree height variation among provenances and sites for Abies alba and Quercus petraea. Spatial predictions of phenotypic plasticity across species distribution ranges indicate decreasing tree height in populations of warmer climates in response to recent anthropogenic climate warming.Main conclusionsOur modelling approach using National Forest Inventory observations provides a new perspective for understanding patterns of intraspecific trait variation across species ranges. Its application is particularly interesting for species for which common garden experiments do not exist or do not cover the entire climatic range of the species.

scholarly journals Effects of drought on nitrogen uptake and carbon dynamics in trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jobin Joseph ◽  
Jörg Luster ◽  
Alessandra Bottero ◽  
Nathalie Buser ◽  
Lukas Baechli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Research on drought impact on tree functioning is focused primarily on water and carbon (C) dynamics. Changes in nutrient uptake might also affect tree performance under drought and there is a need to explore underlying mechanisms. We investigated effects of drought on a) in-situ nitrogen (N)-uptake accounting for both, N availability to fine-roots in soil and actual N-uptake, b) physiological N-uptake capacity of roots, and c) the availability of new assimilates to fine roots influencing the N-uptake capacity using 15N and 13C labelling. We assessed saplings of six different tree species (Acer peudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris). Drought resulted in significant reduction of in-situ soil N-uptake in deciduous trees accompanied by reduced carbon allocation to roots and by a reduction in root biomass available for N-uptake. While physiological root N-uptake capacity was not affected by drought in deciduous saplings, reduced maximum ammonium but not nitrate uptake was observed for A.alba and P.abies. Our results indicate that drought has species-specific effects on N-uptake. Even water limitations of only 5 weeks as assessed here can decrease whole plant inorganic N-uptake independent of whether the physiological N-uptake capacity is affected or not.

scholarly journals Wiederholungsaufnahmen als Instrument zur Qualitätssicherung im Schweizerischen Landesforstinventar

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berthold Traub ◽  
Fabrizio Cioldi ◽  
Christoph Düggelin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
Stand Attributes

Repeat surveys as a quality assurance tool in the Swiss National Forest Inventory The Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI) repeats surveys to guarantee the quality of fieldwork. To this end, approximately 10% of sample plots are completely surveyed a second time over a field season. Based on the results of the repeat survey, the current investigation focuses on the assessment precision, i.e. the reproducibility of various tree and stand attributes in NFI4. It also investigates whether the change from periodic (NFI1–NFI3) to continuous (NFI4) fieldwork has had a positive effect on the reproducibility of the attributes. The current results of the repeat surveys for NFI4 (2009/2017) are compared with those for NFI3 (2004/2006) to this end. We used statistical measures as well as measurement quality objectives (MQO) set by the NFI instructor team as a reference for evaluating reproducibility. The results vary for tree attributes which are vital for estimating stock. The result for the diameter at breast height (dbh) corresponds to the expected values, while that for upper stem diameter at seven meters height and tree height were approximately 5% below the expected values. With regard to the seven stand attributes also analyzed, four of them exceeded the quality goals (stand age, stand stability, the degree of cover of secured regeneration, and stage of development). The results for the mixture proportion, the stand structure and crown closure were between 5 and 18% below MQO. The result for presence of woody species shows that the recording of larger plants (above 130 cm) is clearly more reproducible than for smaller plants (40–130 cm). In NFI4, the reproducibility for almost all studied attributes was improved. The results suggest that the modified structure of fieldwork (with only three field teams and continuous fieldwork in NFI4) has a positive influence on the reproducibility of the included attributes.

scholarly journals The Role of Improved Ground Positioning and Forest Structural Complexity When Performing Forest Inventory Using Airborne Laser Scanning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Pascual ◽  
Juan Guerra-Hernández ◽  
Diogo N. Cosenza ◽  
Vicente Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Airborne Laser

The level of spatial co-registration between airborne laser scanning (ALS) and ground data can determine the goodness of the statistical inference used in forest inventories. The importance of positioning methods in the field can increase, depending on the structural complexity of forests. An area-based approach was followed to conduct forest inventory over seven National Forest Inventory (NFI) forest strata in Spain. The benefit of improving the co-registration goodness was assessed through model transferability using low- and high-accuracy positioning methods. Through the inoptimality losses approach, we evaluated the value of good co-registered data, while assessing the influence of forest structural complexity. When using good co-registered data in the 4th NFI, the mean tree height (HTmean), stand basal area (G) and growing stock volume (V) models were 2.6%, 10.6% and 14.7% (in terms of root mean squared error, RMSE %), lower than when using the coordinates from the 3rd NFI. Transferring models built under poor co-registration conditions using more precise data improved the models, on average, 0.3%, 6.0% and 8.8%, while the worsening effect of using low-accuracy data with models built in optimal conditions reached 4.0%, 16.1% and 16.2%. The value of enhanced data co-registration varied between forests. The usability of current NFI data under modern forest inventory approaches can be restricted when combining with ALS data. As this research showed, investing in improving co-registration goodness over a set of samples in NFI projects enhanced model performance, depending on the type of forest and on the assessed forest attributes.

scholarly journals Genetska struktura populacija hrasta kitnjaka (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Lieblein) u Bosni i Hercegovini na temelju analize izoenzimskih biljega

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Dalibor Ballian
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Ex Situ

Hrast kitnjak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Lieblein] jedna je od najvažnijih vrsta šumskog drveća u Bosni i Hercegovini, iako je sadašnja struktura šuma hrasta kitnjaka vrlo slaba. Razlog tomu treba tražiti u jakom povijesnom utjecaju čovjeka na tu vrstu, brojne neplanske i nestručne sječe i slabo razvijen sustav gospodarenja ovom vrijednom vrstom. U uvjetima Bosne i Hercegovine kitnjak se nalazi na 333 000 ha, u malim čistim i većinom mješovitim sastojinama s grabom i ponekad bukvom. Kroz ovo istraživanje želimo odgovoriti na sljedeća pitanja: kakva je genetska struktura odabranih populacija hrasta kitnjaka u Bosni i Hercegovini, te kakvo je značenje poznavanja genetičke strukture u procesima obnove? Analizirali smo 17 prirodnih populacija hrasta kitnjaka uz uporabu 11 enzimskih sustava s 14 genskih lokusa i registrirali 82 alela. Registriran je velik polimorfizam, a samo je kod genskog lokusa sorbitol registriran potpuni monomorfizam, dok je kod genskog lokusa Pgi – A dobiven polimorfizam samo u jednoj populaciji. Prosječan broj alela za istraživane populacije kretao se od 1,7143 do 3,1429, a efektivni broj od 1.1089 do 1.2585. Stvarna i teorijska heterozigotnost najniža je bila u populaciji Gračanica s 0,0947, dok je najveća bila u populaciji Bugojno s 0,1869. Fiksacijski indeks u svim populacijama je bio negativan, što ukazuje na dobru stabilnost istraživanih populacija te da su slabi ili izostaju procesi inbridinga u populacijama. Najveće genetske udaljenosti u odnosu na ostale pokazala je populacija Tešanj. Rezultati diferencijacije pokazuju male vrijednosti, što ukazuje na kratko vrijeme od njihovog razdvajanja te prisut­nost toka gena i malog gubitka prilagodbenog potencijala. Dobiveni rezultati omogućuju preporuku potrebnih mjera za očuvanje genetskih izvora metodama in situ i ex situ te obnovu i uporabu reprodukcijskog materijala hrasta kitnjaka u Bosni i Hercegovini.

scholarly journals Applying quantitative structure models to plot-based terrestrial laser data to assess dendrometric parameters in dense mixed forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. e004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Torresan ◽  
Ugo Chiavetta ◽  
Jan Hackenberg
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Forest Inventory Data ◽  
Laser Data

Aim of study: To assess terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) accuracy in estimating biometrical forest parameters at plot-based level in order to replace manual survey for forest inventory purposes.Area of study: Monte Morello, Tuscany region, ItalyMaterial and methods: In 14 plots (10 m radius) in dense Mediterranean mixed conifer forests, diameter at breast height (DBH) and height were measured in Summer 2016. Tree volume was computed using the second Italian National Forest Inventory (INFC II) equations. TLS data were acquired in the same plots and quantitative structure models (QSMs) were applied to TLS data to compute dendrometric parameters. Tree parameters measured in field survey, i.e. DBH, height, and computed volume, were compared to those resulting from TLS data processing. The effect of distance from the plot boundary in the accuracy of DBH, height and volume estimation from TLS data was tested.Main results: TLS-derived DBH showed a good correlation with the traditional forest inventory data (R2=0.98, RRMSE=7.81%), while tree height was less correlated with the traditional forest inventory data (R2=0.60, RRMSE=16.99%). Poor agreement was observed when comparing the volume from TLS data with volume estimated from the INFC II prediction equations.Research highlights: The study demonstrated that the application of QSM to plot-based terrestrial laser data generates errors in plots with high density of coniferous trees. A buffer zone of 5 m would help reduce the error of 35% and 42% respectively in height estimation for all trees and in volume estimation for broadleaved trees.

Canadian national taper models

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (02) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhun-Huor Ung ◽  
Xiao Jing Guo ◽  
Mathieu Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Taper Equation ◽  
Taper Models

Work was done to gather stem taper data for most forest tree species across Canada. They were used for producing taper models to be applied for the purposes of the national forest inventory and for regional purposes when regional taper models are not available. The models are based on squared DBH and on measured or predicted tree height. A taper equation based on the dimensional analysis approach was adopted to fit Canadian national taper models using the collected data. The model parameters were estimated using a mixed model for taking into account variance heterogeneity and withintree autocorrelation. In spite of the different protocols for data collection, the accuracy of the proposed stem taper models is similar to that found in previous studies. Consequently, the models seem suitable for pre-harvest estimation of sawlog volume nationally or regionally.

scholarly journals In situ estimation of genetic variation of functional and ecological traits in Quercus petraea and Q.robur

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermine Alexandre ◽  
Laura Truffaut ◽  
Alexis Ducousso ◽  
Jean-Marc Louvet ◽  
Gérard Nepveu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Genomic Relatedness

AbstractBackgroundPredicting the evolutionary potential of natural tree populations requires the estimation of heritability and genetic correlations among traits on which selection acts, as differences in evolutionary success between species may rely on differences for these genetic parameters. In situ estimates are expected to be more accurate than measures done under controlled conditions which do not reflect the natural environmental variance.AimsThe aim of the current study was to estimate three genetic parameters (i.e. heritability, evolvability and genetic correlations) in a natural mixed oak stand composed of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur about 100 years old, for 58 traits of ecological and functional relevance (growth, reproduction, phenology, physiology, resilience, structure, morphology and defence).MethodsFirst we estimated genetic parameters directly in situ using realized genomic relatedness of adult trees and parentage relationships over two generations to estimate the traits additive variance. Secondly, we benefited from existing ex situ experiments (progeny tests and conservation collection) installed with the same populations, thus allowing comparisons of in situ heritability estimates with more traditional methods.ResultsHeritability and evolvability estimates obtained with different methods varied substantially and showed large confidence intervals, however we found that in situ were less precise than ex situ esti-mates, and assessments over two generations (with deeper relatedness) improved estimates of heritability while large sampling sizes are needed for accurate estimations. At the biological level, heritability values varied moderately across different ecological and functional categories of traits, and genetic correlations among traits were conserved over the two species.ConclusionWe identified limits for using realized genomic relatedness in natural stands to estimate the genetic variance, given the overall low variance of genetic relatedness and the rather low sampling sizes of currently used long term genetic plots in forestry. These limits can be overcome if larger sample sizes are considered, or if the approach is extended over the next generation.

scholarly journals Range-wide variation in local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity of fitness-related traits in Fagus sylvatica and their implications under climate change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Gárate-Escamilla ◽  
Arndt Hampe ◽  
Natalia Vizcaíno-Palomar ◽  
T. Matthew Robson ◽  
Marta Benito Garzón
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Specific Trait ◽  
Related Trait

ABSTRACTAimTo better understand and more realistically predict future species distribution ranges, it is critical to account for local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in populations’ responses to climate. This is challenging because local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are trait-dependent and traits co-vary along climatic gradients, with differential consequences for fitness. Our aim is to quantify local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity of vertical and radial growth, leaf flushing and survival across Fagus sylvatica range and to estimate each trait contribution to explain the species occurrence.LocationEuropeTime period1995 – 2014; 2070Major taxa studiedFagus sylvatica L.MethodsWe used vertical and radial growth, flushing phenology and mortality of Fagus sylvatica L. recorded in BeechCOSTe52 (>150,000 trees). Firstly, we performed linear mixed-effect models that related trait variation and co-variation to local adaptation (related to the planted populations’ climatic origin) and phenotypic plasticity (accounting for the climate of the plantation), and we made spatial predictions under current and RCP 8.5 climates. Secondly, we combined spatial trait predictions in a linear model to explain the occurrence of the species.ResultsThe contribution of plasticity to intra-specific trait variation is always higher than that of local adaptation, suggesting that the species is less sensitive to climate change than expected; different traits constrain beech’s distribution in different parts of its range: the northernmost edge is mainly delimited by flushing phenology (mostly driven by photoperiod and temperature), the southern edge by mortality (mainly driven by intolerance to drought), and the eastern edge is characterised by decreasing radial growth (mainly shaped by precipitation-related variables in our model); considering trait co-variation improved single-trait predictions.Main conclusionsPopulation responses to climate across large geographical gradients are trait-dependent, indicating that multi-trait combinations are needed to understand species’ sensitivity to climate change and its variation across distribution ranges.

scholarly journals MAPPING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF COLOMBIA’S FOREST ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS USING SAR AND OPTICAL DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W7 ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rodríguez-Veiga ◽  
A. P. Barbosa-Herrera ◽  
J. S. Barreto-Silva ◽  
P. C. Bispo ◽  
E. Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Ppm Level ◽  
Forest Aboveground Biomass

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> An assessment on the amount and spatial distribution of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) for the forests in Colombia was generated using in-situ national forest inventory data (IDEAM, 2018), in combination with multispectral optical data and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery. ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 gamma-0 backscatter annual mosaics (2015&amp;ndash;2017) provided by JAXA were normalised and corrected using previous ALOS PALSAR annual mosaics (2007&amp;ndash;2010) as reference. A multi-temporal Landsat 7 &amp;amp; 8 composite over the whole of Colombia was used for the year 2016&amp;thinsp;&amp;plusmn;&amp;thinsp;1. The national forest inventory in-situ plots used to train our model consisted of 5-subplots each and were collected during the period 2015&amp;ndash;2017 in the main biomes of the country. A sample of permanent 1ha plots (PPMs) were also measured. Nationally developed allometries (Alvarez et al., 2012) were used to estimate AGB. A non-parametric random forests (RF) algorithm was used within a k-fold framework to retrieve AGB at 30&amp;thinsp;m spatial resolution for the whole of Colombia. The algorithm was trained using forest inventory plots and validated at plot (0.35&amp;thinsp;ha) and PPM level (1&amp;thinsp;ha). The accuracy assessment found coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.68 and 0.61, and relative root mean square errors (Rel. RMSE) of 49% and 34% at plot and at PPM level, respectively. The results showed that the average AGB for the country was 118.1&amp;thinsp;t&amp;thinsp;ha<sup>&amp;minus;1</sup> (45.6&amp;thinsp;t&amp;thinsp;ha<sup>&amp;minus;1</sup> for Caribe, 75.4&amp;thinsp;t&amp;thinsp;ha<sup>&amp;minus;1</sup> Andes, 122.5&amp;thinsp;t&amp;thinsp;ha<sup>&amp;minus;1</sup> Pacifico, 32.7&amp;thinsp;t&amp;thinsp;ha<sup>&amp;minus;1</sup> Orinoquia, and 200.5&amp;thinsp;t&amp;thinsp;ha<sup>&amp;minus;1</sup> for the Amazonia, regionally), and that the total carbon stocks for the country were 6.7&amp;thinsp;Pg C for the period 2015&amp;ndash;2017.</p>

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