scholarly journals The native European Aedes geniculatus mosquito species can transmit Chikungunya virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorian Prudhomme ◽  
Albin Fontaine ◽  
Guillaume Lacour ◽  
Jean-Charles Gantier ◽  
Laure Diancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Invasive Mosquito ◽  
Virus Emergence

AbstractEurope is the world’s leading tourism destination and is receiving every year travelers from areas with active arbovirus transmission. There is thus a threat of mosquito-borne virus emergence in Europe due to the presence of the invasive mosquito vector Aedes albopictus. Little attention has been paid about the possible role of indigenous mosquito species as vectors of emerging arboviruses. Here, we assessed the vector competence dynamic of Ae. geniculatus, a European anthropophilic mosquito species, for chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in comparison with Ae. albopictus.We revealed that Ae. geniculatus was highly susceptible to CHIKV infection and could transmit the virus. By specifically exploring the vector competence dynamic in both mosquito species, we revealed that the cumulative distribution of CHIKV incubation period in Ae. geniculatus was delayed by several days as compared to Ae. albopictus.Our results strengthen the importance of considering indigenous species as potential vectors for emerging arboviruses. They also revealed the importance of considering variation in arbovirus dissemination or transmission dynamics in mosquitoes when performing vector competence assays. We will discuss the implications of our results on a CHIKV outbreak dynamic in a theoretical framework.Sentence summaryThe European mosquito Aedes geniculatus is highly susceptible to CHIKV infection but disseminate and transmit the virus several days later than Ae. albopictus.

scholarly journals Mosquitoes of North-Western Europe as Potential Vectors of Arboviruses: A Review

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Martinet ◽  
Hubert Ferté ◽  
Anna-Bella Failloux ◽  
Francis Schaffner ◽  
Jérôme Depaquit
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Aedes Japonicus ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Invasive Mosquito ◽  
North Western

Background: The intensification of trade and travel is linked to the growing number of imported cases of dengue, chikungunya or Zika viruses into continental Europe and to the expansion of invasive mosquito species such as Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus. Local outbreaks have already occurred in several European countries. Very little information exists on the vector competence of native mosquitoes for arboviruses. As such, the vectorial status of the nine mosquito species largely established in North-Western Europe (Aedes cinereus and Aedes geminus, Aedes cantans, Aedes punctor, Aedes rusticus, Anopheles claviger s.s., Anopheles plumbeus, Coquillettidia richiardii, Culex pipiens s.l., and Culiseta annulata) remains mostly unknown. Objectives: To review the vector competence of both invasive and native mosquito populations found in North-Western Europe (i.e., France, Belgium, Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, The Netherlands, Luxembourg and Switzerland) for dengue, chikungunya, Zika, West Nile and Usutu viruses. Methods: A bibliographical search with research strings addressing mosquito vector competence for considered countries was performed. Results: Out of 6357 results, 119 references were related to the vector competence of mosquitoes in Western Europe. Eight species appear to be competent for at least one virus. Conclusions: Aedes albopictus is responsible for the current outbreaks. The spread of Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus increases the risk of the autochthonous transmission of these viruses. Although native species could contribute to their transmission, more studies are still needed to assess that risk.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Plasmodium midgut invasion in Anopheles mosquitoes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Volohonsky ◽  
Perrine Paul-Gilloteaux ◽  
Jitka Štáfková ◽  
Julien Soichot ◽  
Jean Salamero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Parasite Invasion ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Mosquito Midgut ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractMalaria-causing Plasmodium parasites traverse the mosquito midgut cells to establish infection at the basal side of the midgut. This dynamic process is a determinant of mosquito vector competence, yet the kinetics of the parasite migration is not well understood. Here we used transgenic mosquitoes of two Anopheles species and a Plasmodium berghei fluorescence reporter line to track parasite passage through the mosquito tissues at high spatial resolution. We provide new quantitative insight into malaria parasite invasion in African and Indian Anopheles species and demonstrate that species-specific kinetics of Plasmodium invasion is shaped by the mosquito complement-like system.Author SummaryThe traversal of the mosquito midgut cells is one of the critical stages in the life cycle of malaria parasites. Motile parasite forms, called ookinetes, traverse the midgut epithelium in a dynamic process which is not fully understood.Here, we harnessed transgenic reporters to track invasion of Plasmodium parasites in African and Indian mosquito species. We found important differences in parasite dynamics between the two anopheline species and demonstrated an unexpected role of mosquito complement-like system in regulation of parasite invasion.

scholarly journals Insights into Antibody-Mediated Alphavirus Immunity and Vaccine Development Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Anthony Torres-Ruesta ◽  
Rhonda Sin-Ling Chee ◽  
Lisa F.P. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Humoral Responses

Alphaviruses are mosquito-borne pathogens distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate areas causing a wide range of symptoms ranging from inflammatory arthritis-like manifestations to the induction of encephalitis in humans. Historically, large outbreaks in susceptible populations have been recorded followed by the development of protective long-lasting antibody responses suggesting a potential advantageous role for a vaccine. Although the current understanding of alphavirus antibody-mediated immunity has been mainly gathered in natural and experimental settings of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection, little is known about the humoral responses triggered by other emerging alphaviruses. This knowledge is needed to improve serology-based diagnostic tests and the development of highly effective cross-protective vaccines. Here, we review the role of antibody-mediated immunity upon arthritogenic and neurotropic alphavirus infections, and the current research efforts for the development of vaccines as a tool to control future alphavirus outbreaks.

scholarly journals Sequential Infection of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes with Chikungunya Virus and Zika Virus Enhances Early Zika Virus Transmission

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Magalhaes ◽  
Alexis Robison ◽  
Michael Young ◽  
William Black ◽  
Brian Foy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Sequential Infection

In urban settings, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue viruses are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Since these viruses co-circulate in several regions, coinfection in humans and vectors may occur, and human coinfections have been frequently reported. Yet, little is known about the molecular aspects of virus interactions within hosts and how they contribute to arbovirus transmission dynamics. We have previously shown that Aedes aegypti exposed to chikungunya and Zika viruses in the same blood meal can become coinfected and transmit both viruses simultaneously. However, mosquitoes may also become coinfected by multiple, sequential feeds on single infected hosts. Therefore, we tested whether sequential infection with chikungunya and Zika viruses impacts mosquito vector competence. We exposed Ae. aegypti mosquitoes first to one virus and 7 days later to the other virus and compared infection, dissemination, and transmission rates between sequentially and single infected groups. We found that coinfection rates were high after sequential exposure and that mosquitoes were able to co-transmit both viruses. Surprisingly, chikungunya virus coinfection enhanced Zika virus transmission 7 days after the second blood meal. Our data demonstrate heterologous arbovirus synergism within mosquitoes, by unknown mechanisms, leading to enhancement of transmission under certain conditions.

A Survey of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Tunisia and the Potential Role of Aedes detritus and Aedes caspius in the Transmission of Zika Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1377-1383
Author(s):  
Wiem Ben Ayed ◽  
Fadila Amraoui ◽  
Youmna M’ghirbi ◽  
Francis Schaffner ◽  
Adel Rhaim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Aedes Caspius ◽  
Aedes Detritus

Abstract The present study aimed to update the list of Aedes mosquito species occurring in Tunisia and to test the vector competence of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) caspius (Pallas) and Ae. (Ochlerotatus) detritus (Haliday), the locally most abundant and widespread species, to transmit Zika virus (ZIKV). In 2017–2018, mosquito larvae were collected from 39 different larval habitats in seven bioclimatic zones of Tunisia. The salinity and pH of each breeding site were measured. The survey revealed the presence of 10 Aedes species in Tunisia: Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), Ae. (Ochlerotatus) berlandi (Séguy), Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus, Ae. (Finlaya) echinus (Edwards), Ae. (Finlaya) geniculatus (Olivier), Ae. (Acartomyia) mariae (Sergent and Sergent), Ae. (Ochlerotatus) pulcritarsis (Rondani), Ae. (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen), and Ae. (Fredwardsius) vittatus (Bigot). Of these 10 species, Ae. caspius and Ae. detritus were the most abundant in Tunisia. Aedes detritus and Ae. caspius larvae were reared until the imago stage under insectary conditions to test autogeny. The study showed that Ae. detritus is autogenous and stenogamous and Ae. caspius, anautogenous and eurygamous. Finally, the collected strains of these two species were experimentally infected with the Asian genotype of ZIKV, originally isolated from a patient in April 2014 in New Caledonia, to test their vector competence. Neither of these species was able to transmit ZIKV at 7 and 14 d postexposure. Further investigations are needed to test the competence of other Tunisian mosquito species that may be associated with ZIKV transmission.

scholarly journals Overproduction of IL-6 and Type-I IFN in a Lethal Case of Chikungunya Virus Infection in an Elderly Man During the 2017 Italian Outbreak

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Colavita ◽  
Serena Vita ◽  
Eleonora Lalle ◽  
Fabrizio Carletti ◽  
Licia Bordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Abnormal Pattern ◽  
Disease Analysis

Abstract Chikungunya fever is caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and is generally considered a self-limiting disease. However, severe clinical presentations with a high mortality rate have been reported in association with underlying medical conditions. This study reports the molecular characterization of the virus and an abnormal pattern of circulating cytokines in a unique lethal CHIKV case during the 2017 outbreak in Italy, which involved an elderly patient with underlying cardiac disease. Analysis of inflammatory cytokines revealed a strong increase of interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-β, as well as interleukin-6, suggesting a possible role of type-I IFN in the cytokine storm, which may be correlated with unfavorable prognosis of CHIKV infection.

scholarly journals Rapid selection against arbovirus-induced apoptosis during infection of a mosquito vector

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. E1152-E1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn O’Neill ◽  
Bradley J. S. C. Olson ◽  
Ning Huang ◽  
Dave Unis ◽  
Rollie J. Clem
Keyword(s):  
Sindbis Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Antiviral Defense ◽  
Mosquito Cells ◽  
Arbovirus Infection ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Millions of people are infected each year by arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) such as chikungunya, dengue, and West Nile viruses, yet for reasons that are largely unknown, only a relatively small number of mosquito species are able to transmit arboviruses. Understanding the complex factors that determine vector competence could facilitate strategies for controlling arbovirus infections. Apoptosis is a potential antiviral defense response that has been shown to be important in other virus–host systems. However, apoptosis is rarely seen in arbovirus-infected mosquito cells, raising questions about its importance as an antiviral defense in mosquitoes. We tested the effect of stimulating apoptosis during arbovirus infection by infectingAedes aegyptimosquitoes with a Sindbis virus (SINV) clone called MRE/Rpr, in which the MRE-16 strain of SINV was engineered to express the proapoptotic genereaperfromDrosophila. MRE/Rpr exhibited an impaired infection phenotype that included delayed midgut infection, delayed virus replication, and reduced virus accumulation in saliva. Nucleotide sequencing of thereaperinsert in virus populations isolated from individual mosquitoes revealed evidence of rapid and strong selection against maintenance of Reaper expression in MRE/Rpr-infected mosquitoes. The impaired phenotype of MRE/Rpr, coupled with the observed negative selection against Reaper expression, indicates that apoptosis is a powerful defense against arbovirus infection in mosquitoes and suggests that arboviruses have evolved mechanisms to avoid stimulating apoptosis in mosquitoes that serve as vectors.

Analysis of antibody response (IgM, IgG, IgG3) to Chikungunya virus using panel of peptides derived from envelope protein for serodiagnosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Verma ◽  
Santwana Bhatnagar ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Vinita Chattree ◽  
M.M. Parida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Immunodominant Epitopes

AbstractMany epidemic outbreaks of Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) have been reported throughout the world including India after its reemergence in 2005. The immuno protective role of envelope proteins during Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has been reported. With the aim of identifying the immunodominant epitopes within the envelope protein we investigated the detailed analysis of fine specificity of antibody response in different individuals during CHIKV infection.The peptides corresponding to the full length of E1, E2 and E3 proteins of S27 strain of CHIKV were synthesized and their seroreactivity with CHIKV positive patients’ sera collected from different epidemic regions of India was determined using indirect ELISA.The data analysis reveals many potent epitopes throughout the length of envelope E2 protein thus displaying it as the most promising antigen for diagnostic purpose. We found that the main IgG isotype response to envelope protein was predominantly of subclass IgG3. Interestingly, most of the epitopes were found to be conserved for detecting IgM, IgG and IgG3 antibody response.Peptides E2P3, E2P7, E2P16 and E2P17 were revealed as the most immunodominant peptides that together can form the basis for designing an accurate, economical and easy to synthesize a peptide-based immunodiagnostic for CHIKV. This study provides new and important insight into the humoral response generated by CHIKV S27 strain during the early phase of infection.

scholarly journals The 20-hydroxyecdysone agonist, halofenozide, promotes anti-Plasmodium immunity in Anopheles gambiae via the ecdysone receptor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah A. Reynolds ◽  
Hyeogsun Kwon ◽  
Thiago Luiz Alves e Silva ◽  
Janet Olivas ◽  
Joel Vega-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Ecdysone Receptor ◽  
Principal Role ◽  
Cellular Immune

AbstractMosquito physiology and immunity are integral determinants of malaria vector competence. This includes the principal role of hormonal signaling in Anopheles gambiae initiated shortly after blood-feeding, which stimulates immune induction and promotes vitellogenesis through the function of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Previous studies demonstrated that manipulating 20E signaling through the direct injection of 20E or the application of a 20E agonist can significantly impact Plasmodium infection outcomes, reducing oocyst numbers and the potential for malaria transmission. In support of these findings, we demonstrate that a 20E agonist, halofenozide, is able to induce anti-Plasmodium immune responses that limit Plasmodium ookinetes. We demonstrate that halofenozide requires the function of ultraspiracle (USP), a component of the canonical heterodimeric ecdysone receptor, to induce malaria parasite killing responses. Additional experiments suggest that the effects of halofenozide treatment are temporal, such that its application only limits malaria parasites when applied prior to infection. Unlike 20E, halofenozide does not influence cellular immune function or AMP production. Together, our results further demonstrate the potential of targeting 20E signaling pathways to reduce malaria parasite infection in the mosquito vector and provide new insight into the mechanisms of halofenozide-mediated immune activation that differ from 20E.

scholarly journals Three-way interactions between mosquito population, viral strain and temperature underlying chikungunya virus transmission potential

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1792) ◽  
pp. 20141078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Zouache ◽  
Albin Fontaine ◽  
Anubis Vega-Rua ◽  
Laurence Mousson ◽  
Jean-Michel Thiberge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Mosquito Population ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases

Interactions between pathogens and their insect vectors in nature are under the control of both genetic and non-genetic factors, yet most studies on mosquito vector competence for human pathogens are conducted in laboratory systems that do not consider genetic and/or environmental variability. Evaluating the risk of emergence of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of public health importance such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) requires a more realistic appraisal of genetic and environmental contributions to vector competence. In particular, sources of variation do not necessarily act independently and may combine in the form of interactions. Here, we measured CHIKV transmission potential by the mosquito Aedes albopictus in all combinations of six worldwide vector populations, two virus strains and two ambient temperatures (20°C and 28°C). Overall, CHIKV transmission potential by Ae. albopictus strongly depended on the three-way combination of mosquito population, virus strain and temperature. Such genotype-by-genotype-by-environment (G × G × E) interactions question the relevance of vector competence studies conducted with a simpler set of conditions. Our results highlight the need to account for the complex interplay between vectors, pathogens and environmental factors to accurately assess the potential of vector-borne diseases to emerge.

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