scholarly journals Guanine content of microRNAs is associated with their tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles in lung and breast cancers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Cohen ◽  
Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves ◽  
Yoav Smith
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Ontology Term ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Precursor Mirnas ◽  
Mirnas Expression ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fine Tune

AbstractBackgroundmicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and fine-tune gene functions. A global repression of miRNAs expression in different types of human tumors, after exposure to cigarette-smoke, or to the hormone estrogen, have been shown to be associated with guanine (G) enrichment in the terminal loops (TLs) of their precursors.Methodswe integrated the G content of miRNA mature forms and precursor miRNA TLs with their described function in the literature, using the PubMed database. Gene Ontology term analysis was used to describe the pathways in which the G-enriched miRNA targets are involved.Resultswe show here an association between the relative G enrichment of precursor miRNAs TLs and their tendency to act as tumor suppressor miRs in human lung and breast cancers. Another association was observed between the high G content of the miRNAs 5-mature forms and their tendency to act as oncomiRs.Conclusionsthe results support previous findings showing that the G sequence content is an important feature determining miRNA expression and function, and open the way for future cancer investigations in this direction.

scholarly journals Guanine content of microRNAs is associated with their tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles in lung and breast cancers

MicroRNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Cohen ◽  
Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves ◽  
Yoav Smith
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Ontology Term ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Precursor Mirnas ◽  
Mirnas Expression ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fine Tune

Background: microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and fine-tune gene functions. A global repression of miRNAs expression in different types of human tumors, after exposure to cigarette-smoke, or to the hormone estrogen, have been shown to be associated with guanine (G) enrichment in the terminal loops (TLs) of their precursors. Methods: we integrated the G content of miRNA mature forms and precursor miRNA TLs with their described function in the literature, using the PubMed database. Gene Ontology term analysis was used to describe the pathways in which the G-enriched miRNA targets are involved. Results : herein we show an association between the relative G enrichment of precursor miRNAs’ TLs and their tendency to act as tumor suppressor miRs in human lung and breast cancers. Another association was observed between the high G content of the miRNAs 5-mature forms and their tendency to act as oncomiRs. Conclusion: the results support previous findings showing that the G sequence content is an important feature determining miRNA expression and function, and opens the way for future cancer investigations in this direction.

scholarly journals MiR-155: An Important Regulator of Neuroinflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Valeria Domenica Zingale ◽  
Agnese Gugliandolo ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mirnas Expression

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and that play an important role in many cellular processes, including modulation of inflammation. MiRNAs are present in high concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) and are spatially and temporally expressed in a specific way. Therefore, an imbalance in the expression pattern of these small molecules can be involved in the development of neurological diseases. Generally, CNS responds to damage or disease through the activation of an inflammatory response, but many neurological disorders are characterized by uncontrolled neuroinflammation. Many studies support the involvement of miRNAs in the activation or inhibition of inflammatory signaling and in the promotion of uncontrolled neuroinflammation with pathological consequences. MiR-155 is a pro-inflammatory mediator of the CNS and plays an important regulatory role. The purpose of this review is to summarize how miR-155 is regulated and the pathological consequences of its deregulation during neuroinflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Modulation of miRNAs’ expression could be used as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of pathological neuroinflammation.

scholarly journals Complexity in regulating microRNA biogenesis in cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Pai-Sheng Chen ◽  
Shao-Chieh Lin ◽  
Shaw-Jenq Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mirnas Expression ◽  
Cellular Phenotypes ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Processing Factors

The discovery of microRNA (miRNA) significantly extends our knowledge on gene regulation and noncoding gene functions. MiRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators involve in a wide range of biological functions and diseases, including cancer. MiRNAs are produced by a unique biogenesis pathway involving the two-step sequential nuclear and cytoplasmic RNase-dependent processing at post-transcriptional level. However, a specific (set) of miRNA(s) is (are) synthesized under certain circumstance or developmental/pathological stage to fine-tune the gene expression profile. In this minireview, we will discuss the mechanism of miRNA biogenesis in cancer, mainly focusing on how Drosha and Dicer, two critical molecules controlling miRNA biogenesis, are modulated and which factor contributes to the specificity of selected miRNA maturation. Impact statement The canonical maturation pathway of miRNAs is highly conserved, indicating the crucial roles of these mini-regulators in most cellular processes. Dysregulation of specific miRNAs or imbalance of miRNA abundance has been observed in cancers. Accumulating evidence has shown that the interplay between miRNA processing factors and regulatory proteins previously known as key players in cancer malignancy regulates the biogenesis of miRNAs, expression of target genes, and eventually the alteration of cellular phenotypes. This minireview summarizes the current findings in the modulation of miRNA biogenesis in cancer to advance the understanding of how noncoding RNA contributes to cancer development and malignancy.

scholarly journals MicroRNA biogenesis and variability

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús García-López ◽  
Miguel A. Brieño-Enríquez ◽  
Jesús del Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Fine Regulation ◽  
And Function

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are cell-endogenous small noncoding RNAs that, through RNA interference, are involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of mRNAs. The biogenesis and function of miRNAs entail multiple elements with different alternative pathways. These confer a high versatility of regulation and a high variability to generate different miRNAs and hence possess a broad potential to regulate gene expression. Here we review the different mechanisms, both canonical and noncanonical, that generate miRNAs in animals. The ‘miRNome’ panorama enhances our knowledge regarding the fine regulation of gene expression and provides new insights concerning normal, as opposed to pathological, cell differentiation and development.

scholarly journals microRNAs, the Link Between Dengue Virus and the Host Genome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghua Su ◽  
Ting Lin ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Cui Cheng ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
And Function

Dengue virus (DENV) is a small envelope virus of Flaviviridae that is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. It can cause dengue fever with mild clinical symptoms or even life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). At present, there are no specific drugs or mature vaccine products to treat DENV. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of important non-coding small molecular RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. It is involved in and regulates a series of important life processes, such as growth and development, cell differentiation, cell apoptosis, anti-virus, and anti-tumor. miRNAs also play important roles in interactions between host and viral genome transcriptomes. Host miRNAs can directly target the genome of the virus or regulate host factors to promote or inhibit virus replication. Understanding the expression and function of miRNAs during infection with DENV and the related signal molecules of the miRNA-mediated regulatory network will provide new insights for the development of miRNA-based therapies.

scholarly journals microRNA profiling of mouse cortical progenitors and neurons reveals miR-486-5p as a novel regulator of neurogenesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Dori ◽  
Daniel Cavalli ◽  
Mathias Lesche ◽  
Simone Massalini ◽  
Leila Haj Abdullah Alieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Signature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Newborn Neurons ◽  
Mirnas Expression

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (∼22 nt) single-stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Over the past years, many studies have extensively characterized the involvement of miRNA-mediated regulation in neurogenesis and brain development. However, a comprehensive catalog of cortical miRNAs cell-specifically expressed in progenitor types of the developing mammalian cortex is still missing. Overcoming this limitation, here we exploited a double reporter mouse line previously validated by our group to allow the identification of the transcriptional signature to neurogenic commitment and provide the field with the complete atlas of miRNAs expression in proliferating neural stem cells, neurogenic progenitors and newborn neurons during corticogenesis. By extending the currently known list of miRNAs expressed in the mouse brain by over two fold, our study highlights the power of cell type-specific analyses for the detection of transcripts that would otherwise be diluted out when studying bulk tissues. We further exploited our data by predicting putative novel miRNAs and validated the power of our approach by providing novel evidence for the involvement of miR-486 as a novel player in brain development.

The physiological and pathophysiological roles of adipocyte miRNAs

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Ling ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Chao Hua Yao ◽  
Bi Hu ◽  
Duanfang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Insulin Production ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
And Function ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Their actions affect numerous important biological processes, including adipocyte differentiation and function, sugar and lipid metabolism, and insulin production and secretion. Recent reports suggest miRNAs may also be involved in the pathogenic processes of obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize research progresses on adipocyte miRNAs and their physiological and pathological implications.

scholarly journals MicroRNA Techniques: Valuable Tools for Agronomic Trait Analyses and Breeding in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwei Chen ◽  
Sachin Teotia ◽  
Ting Lan ◽  
Guiliang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Short Tandem

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Extensive studies have revealed that miRNAs have critical functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses and may provide valuable genetic resources for plant breeding research. We herein reviewed the development, mechanisms, and characteristics of miRNA techniques while highlighting widely used approaches, namely, the short tandem target mimic (STTM) approach. We described STTM-based advances in plant science, especially in the model crop rice, and introduced the CRISPR-based transgene-free crop breeding. Finally, we discussed the challenges and unique opportunities related to combining STTM and CRISPR technology for crop improvement and agriculture.

scholarly journals Identification and Comparative Profiling of microRNAs at Different Diapause Stages of Galeruca Daurica Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Feng Duan ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Yao Tan ◽  
Yan-Yan Li ◽  
Bao-Ping Pang
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Summer Diapause ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nt in length, which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Although the regulatory roles of miRNAs in various physiological processes throughout insect development have been investigated, it is almost unknown about the roles of miRNAs involved in the regulation of diapause in insects.Results: We constructed 12 small RNA libraries from Galeruca daurica adults at different diapause stages: pre-diapause (PD), diapause (D), post-diapause 1 (TD1), and post-diapause 2 (TD2). Using Illumina sequencing, a total of 95.06 million valid reads was obtained, and 230 miRNAs, including 143 conserved and 87 novel miRNAs, were identified from G. daurica. The expression profiles of these miRNAs were assessed across different diapause stages and miRNAs that were highly expressed at different diapause stages were identified. Comparative analysis of read counts indicated that both conserved and novel miRNAs were differently expressed among the four different diapause stages, and the differential expression was validated via qRT-PCR. The 25, 11, 15, 14, 26, and one miRNAs were differentially expressed in D/PD, D/TD1, D/TD2, TD1/PD, TD2/PD, and TD2/TD1, respectively. The KEGG and GO analysis of the predicted target genes suggested the essential roles of miRNAs in the regulation of summer diapause in G. daurica, especially via the juvenile hormone, ribosome, MAPK signaling, mTOR signaling, Ca2+ signaling, and G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathways.Conclusion: Our research results indicate that miRNAs may be involved in the regulation of summer diapause in G. daurica, and these results also provide an important new small RNA genomics resource for further studies on insect diapause.

scholarly journals Identification of MicroRNA as Sepsis Biomarker Based on miRNAs Regulatory Network Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Huang ◽  
Zhandong Sun ◽  
Wenying Yan ◽  
Yujie Zhu ◽  
Yuxin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Expression Profiles ◽  
Pathways Analysis

Sepsis is regarded as arising from an unusual systemic response to infection but the physiopathology of sepsis remains elusive. At present, sepsis is still a fatal condition with delayed diagnosis and a poor outcome. Many biomarkers have been reported in clinical application for patients with sepsis, and claimed to improve the diagnosis and treatment. Because of the difficulty in the interpreting of clinical features of sepsis, some biomarkers do not show high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs which pair the sites in mRNAs to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. They play a key role in inflammatory response, and have been validated to be potential sepsis biomarker recently. In the present work, we apply a miRNA regulatory network based method to identify novel microRNA biomarkers associated with the early diagnosis of sepsis. By analyzing the miRNA expression profiles and the miRNA regulatory network, we obtained novel miRNAs associated with sepsis. Pathways analysis, disease ontology analysis, and protein-protein interaction network (PIN) analysis, as well as ROC curve, were exploited to testify the reliability of the predicted miRNAs. We finally identified 8 novel miRNAs which have the potential to be sepsis biomarkers.

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