scholarly journals Immigration and establishment of urban Trypanosoma cruzi populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S.F. Berry ◽  
Renzo Salazar-Sánchez ◽  
Ricardo Castillo-Neyra ◽  
Katty Borrini-Mayorí ◽  
Claudia Chipana-Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
South American ◽  
Environment Impact

AbstractChanging environmental conditions, including those caused by human activities, reshape biological communities through both loss of native species and establishment of non-native species in the altered habitats. Dynamic interactions with the abiotic environment impact both immigration and initial establishment of non-native species into these altered habitats. The repeated emergence of disease systems in urban areas worldwide highlights the importance of understanding how dynamic migratory processes affect the current and future distribution and abundance of pathogens in urban environments. In this study, we examine the pattern of invasion of Trypanosoma cruzi—the causative agent of human Chagas disease—in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Phylogenetic analyses of 136 T. cruzi isolates from Arequipa and other South American locations suggest that only one T. cruzi immigrant established a population in Arequipa as all T. cruzi isolated from vectors in Arequipa form a recent monophyletic group within the broader South American phylogeny. We discuss several hypotheses that may explain the limited number of established T. cruzi lineages despite multiple introductions of the parasite.Author SummaryHuman-associated pests and pathogens, who benefit from the abundance of humans and human-associated hosts or vectors, commonly invade environments altered by human activities. As the number and size of human-disturbed environments increase, so does the importance of identifying ecological and environmental factors that affect the probability that disease systems immigrate to, subsequently establish populations in, urban environments. We examined the number and timing of immigration and establishment events of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, in a currently endemic area. Phylogenetic analyses of 136 T. cruzi isolates suggests that the current population descended from a single, recent immigration event. We discuss historical and ecological hypotheses that can explain the limited T. cruzi diversity in this region.

scholarly journals Dispersal patterns of Trypanosoma cruzi in Arequipa, Peru

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S.F. Berry ◽  
Renzo Salazar-Sánchez ◽  
Ricardo Castillo-Neyra ◽  
Katty Borrini-Mayorí ◽  
Claudia Arevalo-Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
The City

AbstractAnthropogenic environmental alterations such as urbanization can threaten native populations as well as create novel environments that allow human pests and pathogens to thrive. As the number and size of urban environments increase globally, it is more important than ever to understand the dispersal dynamics of hosts, vectors and pathogens of zoonotic disease systems. For example, a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of Chagas disease in humans, Trypanosoma cruzi, recently colonized and spread through the city of Arequipa, Peru. We used population genomic and phylogenomic tools to analyze whole genomes of 123 T. cruzi isolates collected throughout Arequipa to determine patterns of T. cruzi dispersal. The data show significant population genetic structure within city blocks-parasites in the same block tend to be very closely related - but no population structure among blocks within districts - parasites in neighboring blocks are no more closely related to one another than to parasites in distant districts. These data suggest that T. cruzi dispersal within a block occurs regularly and that occasional long-range dispersal events allow the establishment of new T. cruzi populations in distant blocks. Movement of domestic animals may be the primary mechanism of inter-block and inter-district T. cruzi dispersal.Author SummaryUrbanization creates environments that are ideal for some human pests and pathogens. As the number and size of urban environments increases globally, it is becoming vital to understand how human disease-causing pathogens, their vectors, and their non-human hosts disperse through urban landscapes. Here we study a population of Trypanosoma cruzi – the protozoan parasite and causative agent of Chagas disease in humans – that recently colonized the city of Arequipa, Peru. We use population genomic and phylogenomic tools to understand how this parasite population dispersed through the city to achieve its current distribution and abundance. We show that T. cruzi collected from the same city block tend to be very closely related, while those from neighboring blocks are often as distantly related as those from blocks in distant districts. The data suggest that vectors facilitate frequent within-block dispersal of the parasite, while domestic animal movement may facilitate the relatively infrequent inter-block and interdistrict dispersal.

Diversity of organisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Diversity Of Life

The focus of this chapter is an examination of the diversity of living organisms found within urban environments, both inside and outside buildings. The discussion commences with prions and viruses before moving on to consider micro-organisms, plants, and animals. Prions and viruses cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. Micro-organisms are ubiquitous and are found in great numbers throughout urban environments. New technologies are providing new insights into their diversity. Plants may be found inside buildings as well as in gardens and other green spaces. The final sections of the chapter offer a discussion of the diversity of animals that live in urban areas for part or all of their life cycle. Examples of the diversity of life in urban environments are presented throughout, including native and non-native species, those that are benign and deadly, and the common and the rare.

scholarly journals Detection of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies by chimeric antigens in chronic Chagas disease-individuals from endemic South American countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0215623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pimenta Del-Rei ◽  
Leonardo Maia Leony ◽  
Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon ◽  
Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin ◽  
Mitermayer Galvão dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
South American ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

scholarly journals Discovery and Optimization of a Compound Series Active against Trypanosoma cruzi, the Causative Agent of Chagas Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 3066-3089
Author(s):  
Justin R. Harrison ◽  
Sandipan Sarkar ◽  
Shahienaz Hampton ◽  
Jennifer Riley ◽  
Laste Stojanovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Compound Series

Comparative high-throughput analysis of the Trypanosoma cruzi response to organometallic compounds

Metallomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-828
Author(s):  
M. Florencia Mosquillo ◽  
Pablo Smircich ◽  
Martín Ciganda ◽  
Analía Lima ◽  
Dinorah Gambino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
High Throughput Analysis

An in-depth, comparative look at the effects of two structurally related organometallic Pd and Pt compounds on the global gene expression pattern of T. cruzi epimastigotes. This parasite is the causative agent of Chagas disease.

Proteome analysis of the causative agent of Chagas disease: Trypanosoma cruzi

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Parodi-Talice ◽  
Rosario Durán ◽  
Nicolás Arrambide ◽  
Victoria Prieto ◽  
Marı́a Dolores Piñeyro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Proteome Analysis

scholarly journals The role of invasion and urbanization gradients in shaping avian community composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Rogers ◽  
Andrea S Griffin ◽  
Françoise Lermite ◽  
Berndt van Rensburg ◽  
Carla Archibald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Remnant Vegetation ◽  
Common Myna ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
A Site

Abstract The extent to which native species utilize urban environments depends on species responses to multiple threatening processes. Here, we aimed to quantify changes in bird communities in response to changing habitat structure, invasive species and aggressive native species. We conducted surveys in two independently invaded regions with similar patterns of urban development. The study regions were New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (QLD), Australia. We observed 127 species in NSW and 144 species in QLD. Most species (NSW 83 and QLD 84) are urban adapters making use of some or all urban sub-environments. Urban avoiders, species only found in remnant vegetation, were the second largest group (urban avoiders: NSW 23 and QLD 31). We found the lowest richness in the most urban sites (urban exploiters: NSW 10 and QLD 15). Using generalized linear mixed models, we found a non-significant relationship between species richness and the abundance of aggressive species like the common myna and noisy miners, Manorina melanocephala, but a significant positive correlation with the percentage of shrub cover at a site. As there is a gradual loss of species with increasing urbanization, retaining higher complexity in vegetation structure in urban areas will support large numbers of species and could help mitigate the potential impacts of aggressive urban-adapted species and habitat loss.

scholarly journals Identification of a proteasome-targeting arylsulfonamide with potential for the treatment of Chagas’ disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Lima ◽  
Lindsay B Tulloch ◽  
Victoriano Corpas-Lopez ◽  
Sandra Carvalho ◽  
Richard J. Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitors ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Phenotypic Screening

Phenotypic screening identified an arylsulfonamide compound with activity against Trypanosoma cruzi , the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. Comprehensive mode of action studies revealed that this compound primarily targets the T. cruzi proteasome, binding at the interface between β4 and β5 subunits that catalyse chymotrypsin-like activity. A mutation in the β5 subunit of the proteasome was associated with resistance to compound 1 , while overexpression of this mutated subunit also reduced susceptibility to compound 1 . Further genetically engineered and in vitro selected clones resistant to proteasome inhibitors known to bind at the β4/β5 interface were cross-resistant to compound 1 . Ubiquitinylated proteins were additionally found to accumulate in compound 1 -treated epimastigotes. Finally, thermal proteome profiling identified malic enzyme as a secondary target of compound 1 , although malic enzyme inhibition was not found to drive potency. These studies identify a novel pharmacophore capable of inhibiting the T. cruzi proteasome that may be exploitable for anti-chagasic drug discovery.

scholarly journals Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, modulates interleukin-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation via gp130 cleavage in different host cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 1832 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Eric Ponce ◽  
Eugenio Antonio Carrera-Silva ◽  
Andrea Vanina Pellegrini ◽  
Silvia Inés Cazorla ◽  
Emilio Luis Malchiodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Stat3 Phosphorylation

scholarly journals Mechanism of Action of 4-Phenoxyphenoxyethyl Thiocyanate (WC-9) against Trypanosoma cruzi, the Causative Agent of Chagas’ Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2047-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Urbina ◽  
Juan Luis Concepcion ◽  
Andrea Montalvetti ◽  
Juan B. Rodriguez ◽  
Roberto Docampo
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Squalene Synthase ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
De Novo Synthesis

ABSTRACT We investigated the molecular basis of the activity of 4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate (WC-9) against Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas’ disease. We found that growth inhibition of T. cruzi epimastigotes induced by this compound was associated with a reduction in the content of the parasite's endogenous sterols due to a specific blockade of their de novo synthesis at the level of squalene synthase.

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