scholarly journals Highly Heritable and Functionally Relevant Breed Differences in Dog Behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan L MacLeant ◽  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Bridgett M. vonHoldt ◽  
James A. Serpell
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractVariation across dog breeds presents a unique opportunity for investigating the evolution and biological basis of complex behavioral traits. We integrated behavioral data from more than 17,000 dogs from 101 breeds with breed-averaged genotypic data (N = 5,697 dogs) from over 100,000 loci in the dog genome. Across 14 traits, we found that breed differences in behavior are highly heritable, and that clustering of breeds based on behavior accurately recapitulates genetic relationships. We identify 131 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with breed differences in behavior, which are found in genes that are highly expressed in the brain and enriched for neurobiological functions and developmental processes. Our results provide insight into the heritability and genetic architecture of complex behavioral traits, and suggest that dogs provide a powerful model for these questions.

scholarly journals Highly heritable and functionally relevant breed differences in dog behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1912) ◽  
pp. 20190716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan L. MacLean ◽  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Bridgett M. vonHoldt ◽  
James A. Serpell
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Trait Variance ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shed Light

Variation across dog breeds presents a unique opportunity to investigate the evolution and biological basis of complex behavioural traits. We integrated behavioural data from more than 14 000 dogs from 101 breeds with breed-averaged genotypic data ( n = 5697 dogs) from over 100 000 loci in the dog genome. We found high levels of among-breed heritability for 14 behavioural traits (the proportion of trait variance attributable to genetic similarity among breeds). We next identified 131 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with breed differences in behaviour, which were found in genes that are highly expressed in the brain and enriched for neurobiological functions and developmental processes, suggesting that they may be functionally associated with behavioural differences. Our results shed light on the heritability and genetic architecture of complex behavioural traits and identify dogs as a powerful model in which to address these questions.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in piRNA-pathway genes: an insight into genetic determinants of human diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Roy ◽  
Kalyani Anand ◽  
Swati Mohapatra ◽  
Rojalin Nayak ◽  
Trisha Chattopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Pirna Pathway ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Genome resequencing reveals demographic history and genetic architecture of seed salinity tolerance in Populus euphratica

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (14) ◽  
pp. 4308-4320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixia Jia ◽  
Guangjian Liu ◽  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Pei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Resequencing ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations

Abstract Populus euphratica is a dominant tree species in desert riparian forests and possesses extraordinary adaptation to salinity stress. Exploration of its genomic variation and molecular underpinning of salinity tolerance is important for elucidating population evolution and identifying stress-related genes. Here, we identify approximately 3.15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms using whole-genome resequencing. The natural populations of P. euphratica in northwest China are divided into four distinct clades that exhibit strong geographical distribution patterns. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and tectonic deformation jointly shaped the extant genetic patterns. A seed germination rate-based salinity tolerance index was used to evaluate seed salinity tolerance of P. euphratica and a genome-wide association study was implemented. A total of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with seed salinity tolerance and were located within or near 82 genes. Expression profiles showed that most of these genes were regulated under salt stress, revealing the genetic complexity of seed salinity tolerance. Furthermore, DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 57 and one undescribed gene (CCG029559) were demonstrated to improve the seed salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. These results provide new insights into the demographic history and genetic architecture of seed salinity tolerance in desert poplar.

scholarly journals The combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6720173 (ABCG5), rs3808607 (CYP7A1), and rs760241 (DHCR7) is associated with differing serum cholesterol responses to dairy consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1090-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M.H. Abdullah ◽  
Peter K. Eck ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
Benoît Lamarche ◽  
Peter J.H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Dairy Consumption

Existing evidence on the influence of genetic architecture on serum cholesterol responsiveness to dietary interventions focuses on individual single nucleotide polymorphisms and single nutrients. We associated the combination of ABCG5 rs6720173-C, CYP7A1 rs3808607-TT, and DHCR7 rs760241-GG genotypes with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations relative to the combination of rs6720173-GG, rs3808607-G, and rs760241-A genotypes (–0.37 ± 0.12 (n = 9) vs. +0.38 ± 0.14 mmol/L (n = 7), p = 0.0016) following a blended dairy (3 servings/day for 4 weeks) intervention.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of Synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Organisms: Resolution of Genetic Relationships Among Closely Related Microbial Strains

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1533-1543
Author(s):  
Michaela M Gutacker ◽  
James C Smoot ◽  
Cristi A Lux Migliaccio ◽  
Stacy M Ricklefs ◽  
Su Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Abstract Several human pathogens (e.g., Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Bordetella pertussis, Plasmodium falciparum, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) have very restricted unselected allelic variation in structural genes, which hinders study of the genetic relationships among strains and strain-trait correlations. To address this problem in a representative pathogen, 432 M. tuberculosis complex strains from global sources were genotyped on the basis of 230 synonymous (silent) single nucleotide polymorphisms (sSNPs) identified by comparison of four genome sequences. Eight major clusters of related genotypes were identified in M. tuberculosis sensu stricto, including a single cluster representing organisms responsible for several large outbreaks in the United States and Asia. All M. tuberculosis sensu stricto isolates of previously unknown phylogenetic position could be rapidly and unambiguously assigned to one of the eight major clusters, thus providing a facile strategy for identifying organisms that are clonally related by descent. Common clones of M. tuberculosis sensu stricto and M. bovis are distinct, deeply branching genotypic complexes whose extant members did not emerge directly from one another in the recent past. sSNP genotyping rapidly delineates relationships among closely related strains of pathogenic microbes and allows construction of genetic frameworks for examining the distribution of biomedically relevant traits such as virulence, transmissibility, and host range.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Insights Into Forensic Features and Genetic Background of Chinese Northwest Hui Group Using Six Distinct Categories of 231 Molecular Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Chen ◽  
Xiaoye Jin ◽  
Xingru Zhang ◽  
Wenqing Zhang ◽  
Yuxin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Short Tandem Repeats ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Short Tandem

The Hui minority is predominantly composed of Chinese-speaking Islamic adherents distributed throughout China, of which the individuals are mainly concentrated in Northwest China. In the present study, we employed the length and sequence polymorphisms-based typing system of 231 molecular markers, i.e., amelogenin, 22 phenotypic-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (PISNPs), 94 identity-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (IISNPs), 24 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs), 56 ancestry-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (AISNPs), 7 X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs), and 27 autosomal short tandem repeats (A-STRs), into 90 unrelated male individuals from the Chinese Northwest Hui group to comprehensively explore its forensic characteristics and genetic background. Total of 451 length-based and 652 sequence-based distinct alleles were identified from 58 short tandem repeats (STRs) in 90 unrelated Northwest Hui individuals, denoting that the sequence-based genetic markers could pronouncedly provide more genetic information than length-based markers. The forensic characteristics and efficiencies of STRs and IISNPs were estimated, both of which externalized high polymorphisms in the Northwest Hui group and could be further utilized in forensic investigations. No significant departure from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectation was observed after the Bonferroni correction. Additionally, four group sets of reference population data were exploited to dissect the genetic background of the Northwest Hui group separately from different perspectives, which contained 26 populations for 93 IISNPs, 58 populations for 17 Y-STRs, 26 populations for 55 AISNPs (raw data), and 109 populations for 55 AISNPs (allele frequencies). As a result, the analyses based on the Y-STRs indicated that the Northwest Hui group primarily exhibited intimate genetic relationships with reference Hui groups from Chinese different regions except for the Sichuan Hui group and secondarily displayed close genetic relationships with populations from Central and West Asia, as well as several Chinese groups. However, the AISNP analyses demonstrated that the Northwest Hui group shared more intimate relationships with current East Asian populations apart from reference Hui group, harboring the large proportion of ancestral component contributed by East Asia.

scholarly journals Genetics of Canine Behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Houpt
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Right ◽  
Canine Behavior

Canine behavioral genetics is a rapidly moving area of research. In this review, breed differences in behavior are emphasized. Dog professionals' opinions of the various breeds on many behavior traits reveal factors such as reactivity, aggression, ease of training and immaturity. Heritability of various behaviors - hunting ability, playfulness, and aggression to people and other dogs - has been calculated. The neurotransmitters believed to be involved in aggression are discussed. The gene for aggression remains elusive, but identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with breed-specific behavior traits are leading us in the right direction. The unique syndrome of aggression found in English Springer Spaniels may be a model for detecting the gene involved.

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