scholarly journals The ecnA antitoxin is not only important for human pathogens: Evidences of its role in the plant pathogen Xathomonas citri subsp. citri

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Moreira Granato ◽  
Simone Cristina Picchi ◽  
Maxuel de Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Paula Maria Moreira Martins ◽  
Marco Aurélio Takita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Citrus Canker Disease

Xathomonas citri subsp. citri causes citrus canker disease worldwide in most commercial varieties of citrus. Its transmission occurs mainly through wind-driven rain. Once on the leaf X. citri can epiphytically survive forming biofilm, which enhances persistence of the bacteria to different environmental stresses and play an important role in the early stages of host infection. Therefore, the study of genes involved in biofilm formation has been an important step towards the understanding of the bacterial strategy to survive and infect the plant host. In this work we show that ecnAB a Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) system, previously identified only in human bacterial pathogen, is conserved in many Xanthomonas spp. In general TA systems consist of a pair of genes in operon that encodes a stable toxin and an unstable antitoxin that, under normal conditions, binds to the toxin and blocks its activity. On the other hand, under stress the antitoxin is degraded, allowing the toxin to act decreasing cell growth and metabolism. When normal growth conditions are re-established, the antitoxin is produced, blocking the toxin and allowing the cells to grow. Thus, this mechanism represents an important bacterial strategy of survival under stress conditions. In this work, we show that in X. citri ecnAB is regulated by quorum sensing and it is involved in important processes such as biofilm formation, EPS production, and motility. In addition, we show that ecnAB plays a role in X. citri survival and virulence in plant host.

scholarly journals The ecnA Antitoxin Is Important Not Only for Human Pathogens: Evidence of Its Role in the Plant Pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Moreira Granato ◽  
Simone Cristina Picchi ◽  
Maxuel de Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Paula Maria Moreira Martins ◽  
Marco Aurélio Takita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenicity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Host Infection

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri causes citrus canker disease worldwide in most commercial varieties of citrus. Its transmission occurs mainly by wind-driven rain. Once X. citri reaches a leaf, it can epiphytically survive by forming a biofilm, which enhances the persistence of the bacteria under different environmental stresses and plays an important role in the early stages of host infection. Therefore, the study of genes involved in biofilm formation has been an important step toward understanding the bacterial strategy for survival in and infection of host plants. In this work, we show that the ecnAB toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, which was previously identified only in human bacterial pathogens, is conserved in many Xanthomonas spp. We further show that in X. citri, ecnA is involved in important processes, such as biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and motility. In addition, we show that ecnA plays a role in X. citri survival and virulence in host plants. Thus, this mechanism represents an important bacterial strategy for survival under stress conditions. IMPORTANCE Very little is known about TA systems in phytopathogenic bacteria. ecnAB, in particular, has only been studied in bacterial human pathogens. Here, we showed that it is present in a wide range of Xanthomonas sp. phytopathogens; moreover, this is the first work to investigate the functional role of this TA system in Xanthomonas citri biology, suggesting an important new role in adaptation and survival with implications for bacterial pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Modified Monosaccharides Content of Xanthan Gum Impairs Citrus Canker Disease by Affecting the Epiphytic Lifestyle of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Simone Cristina Picchi ◽  
Laís Moreira Granato ◽  
Maria Júlia Festa Franzini ◽  
Maxuel Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Marco Aurélio Takita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Citrus Canker Disease

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) is a plant pathogenic bacterium causing citrus canker disease. The xanA gene encodes a phosphoglucomutase/phosphomannomutase protein that is a key enzyme required for the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides and exopolysaccharides in Xanthomonads. In this work, firstly we isolated a xanA transposon mutant (xanA::Tn5) and analyzed its phenotypes as biofilm formation, xanthan gum production, and pathogenesis on the sweet orange host. Moreover, to confirm the xanA role in the impaired phenotypes we further produced a non-polar deletion mutant (ΔxanA) and performed the complementation of both xanA mutants. In addition, we analyzed the percentages of the xanthan gum monosaccharides produced by X. citri wild-type and xanA mutant. The mutant strain had higher ratios of mannose, galactose, and xylose and lower ratios of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, and glucose than the wild-type strain. Such changes in the saccharide composition led to the reduction of xanthan yield in the xanA deficient strain, affecting also other important features in X. citri, such as biofilm formation and sliding motility. Moreover, we showed that xanA::Tn5 caused no symptoms on host leaves after spraying, a method that mimetics the natural infection condition. These results suggest that xanA plays an important role in the epiphytical stage on the leaves that is essential for the successful interaction with the host, including adaptive advantage for bacterial X. citri survival and host invasion, which culminates in pathogenicity.

Relationships between copper content in orange leaves, bacterial biofilm formation and citrus canker disease control after different copper treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Alejandra Favaro ◽  
Roxana Andrea Roeschlin ◽  
Gustavo Gabriel Ribero ◽  
Roxana Lorena Maumary ◽  
Laura Noemí Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Citrus Canker Disease

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Citrus Canker Disease Caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Using an Endophytic Bacillus thuringiensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nurul Islam ◽  
Md. Sarafat Ali ◽  
Seong-Jin Choi ◽  
Jae-Wook Hyun ◽  
Kwang-Hyun Baek
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Citrus Canker Disease

Functional analysis of citrus AP2 transcription factors identified CsAP2-09 involved in citrus canker disease response and tolerance

Gene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 178-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongrui He ◽  
Ruirui Jia ◽  
Jingjing Qi ◽  
Shanchun Chen ◽  
Tiangang Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Citrus Canker Disease

Transgenic Citrange troyer rootstocks overexpressing antimicrobial potato Snakin-1 show reduced citrus canker disease symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
G. Conti ◽  
V. Gardella ◽  
M.A. Vandecaveye ◽  
C.A. Gomez ◽  
G. Joris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Citrus Canker Disease

Production of sweet orange somaclones tolerant to citrus canker disease by in vitro mutagenesis with EMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjuan Ge ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Hongyan Fu ◽  
Guiyou Long ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Citrus Canker Disease
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