scholarly journals A role for gut microbiota in m6A epitranscriptomic mRNA modifications in different host tissues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Jabs ◽  
Christophe Becavin ◽  
Marie-Anne Nahori ◽  
Vincent Guerinau ◽  
David Touboul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Commensal Bacterium ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Host Tissues

The intestinal microbiota modulates host physiology and gene expression via mechanisms that are not fully understood. A recently discovered layer of gene expression regulation is N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA. To unveil if this epitranscriptomic mark in part mediates the impact of the gut microbiota on the host, we analyzed m6A-modifications in transcripts of mice displaying either a conventional, or a modified, or no gut flora. We discovered that the microbiota has a strong influence on m6A-modifications in the cecum, and also, albeit to a lesser extent, in the liver. We furthermore show that a single commensal bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, can affect specific m6A modifications. Together, we report here epitranscriptomic modifications as an unexpected level of interaction in the complex interplay between commensal bacteria and their host.

scholarly journals Synbiotic Supplementation Modulates Gut Microbiota, Regulates Beta-Catenin Expression And Prevents Weight Gain in ob/ob Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Mauro Bezerra Duarte ◽  
José Tadeu Stefano ◽  
Lucas A. M. Franco ◽  
Roberta C. Martins ◽  
Bruna D. G. C. Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Synbiotic Supplementation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of synbiotic supplementation in obesity and microbiota in ob/ob mice. 20 animals were divided into four groups: Obese Treated (OT), Control (OC), Lean Treated (LT) and Control (LC). All animals received standard diet for 8 weeks. Treated groups received a synbiotic in water while nontreated groups received water. After 8 weeks, all animals were sacrificed and gut tissue mRNA isolation and stool samples by microbiota analysis were collected. Beta-catenin, occludin, cadherin and zonulin were analyzed in gut tissue by RT-qPCR. Results: The synbiotic supplementation reduced body weight gain in OT comparing with OC (p=0.0398), increase of Enterobacteriaceae (p=0.005) and decrease of Cyanobacteria (p=0.047), Clostridiaceae (p=0.026), Turicibacterales (p=0.005) and Coprococcus (p=0.047). A significant reduction of Sutterella bacteria (p=0.009) and Turicibacter (p=0.005) was observed in LT compared to LC. Alpha and beta diversities were differ between all treated groups. Beta-catenin gene expression was significantly decreased in the gut tissue of OT (p≤0.0001) when compared to other groups. No changes were observed in occludin, cadherin and zonulin gene expression in the gut tissue. Conclusion: The synbiotics supplementation prevents excessive weight gain, modulates the gut microbiota, and reduces beta-catenin expression in ob/ob mice.

scholarly journals Commensal bacteria differentially shape the nutritional requirements of Drosophila during juvenile growth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessika Consuegra ◽  
Théodore Grenier ◽  
Patrice Baa-Puyoulet ◽  
Isabelle Rahioui ◽  
Houssam Akherraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe interplay between nutrition and the microbial communities colonizing the gastro-intestinal tract (i.e. gut microbiota) determines juvenile growth trajectory. Nutritional deficiencies trigger developmental delays, and an immature gut microbiota is a hallmark of pathologies related to childhood undernutrition. However, how commensal bacteria modulate the impact of nutrition on juvenile growth remains elusive. Here, using gnotobiotic Drosophila melanogaster larvae independently associated with two model commensal bacterial strains, Acetobacter pomorumWJL (ApWJL) and Lactobacillus plantarumNC8 (LpNC8), we performed a large-scale, systematic nutritional screen based on larval growth in 40 different and precisely controlled nutritional environments. We combined these results with genome-based metabolic network reconstruction to define the biosynthetic capacities of Drosophila germ-free (GF) larvae and its two commensal bacteria. We first established that ApWJL and LpNC8 differentially fulfills the nutritional requirements of the ex-GF larvae and parsed such difference down to individual amino acids, vitamins, other micronutrients and trace metals. We found that Drosophila commensal bacteria not only fortify the host’s diet with essential nutrients but, in specific instances, functionally compensate for host auxotrophies, by either providing a metabolic intermediate or nutrient derivative to the host or by uptaking, concentrating and sparing contaminant traces of micronutrients. Our systematic work reveals that, beyond the molecular dialogue engaged between the host and its commensal partners, Drosophila and its facultative bacterial partners establish an integrated nutritional network relying on nutrients sparing and utilization.

scholarly journals Understanding host-microbiota interactions in the commercial piglet around weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saladrigas-García ◽  
M. D’Angelo ◽  
H. L. Ko ◽  
P. Nolis ◽  
Y. Ramayo-Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWeaning is a critical period in the life of pigs with repercussions on their health and welfare and on the economy of the swine industry. This study aimed to assess the effect of the commercial early weaning on gut microbiota, intestinal gene expression and serum metabolomic response via an integrated-omic approach combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the OpenArray gene expression technology and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Fourteen piglets from different litters were sampled for blood, jejunum tissue and caecal content two days before (− 2d), and three days after (+ 3d) weaning. A clearly differential ordination of caecal microbiota was observed. Higher abundances of Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Dorea and Lachnospira genera in weaned piglets compared to prior to weaning showed the quick microbial changes of the piglets’ gut microbiota. Downregulation of OCLN, CLDN4, MUC2, MUC13, SLC15A1 and SLC13A1 genes, also evidenced the negative impact of weaning on gut barrier and digestive functions. Metabolomic approach pinpointed significant decreases in choline, LDL, triglycerides, fatty acids, alanine and isoleucine and increases in 3-hydroxybutyrate after weaning. Moreover, the correlation between microbiota and metabolome datasets revealed the existence of metabolic clusters interrelated to different bacterial clusters. Our results demonstrate the impact of weaning stress on the piglet and give insights regarding the associations between gut microbiota and the animal gene activity and metabolic response.

The complex interplay between DNA methylation and miRNAs in gene expression regulation

Biochimie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fuso ◽  
Tiziana Raia ◽  
Michela Orticello ◽  
Marco Lucarelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Expression Regulation ◽  
Complex Interplay

scholarly journals The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Cianci ◽  
Laura Franza ◽  
Giovanni Schinzari ◽  
Ernesto Rossi ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Influence Gene Expression

The gut microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While multiple mechanisms are involved, the immune system clearly plays a special role. Indeed, the breakdown of the physiological balance in gut microbial composition leads to dysbiosis, which is then able to enhance inflammation and to influence gene expression. At the same time, there is an intense cross-talk between the microbiota and the immunological niche in the intestinal mucosa. These interactions may pave the way to the development, growth and spreading of cancer, especially in the gastro-intestinal system. Here, we review the changes in microbiota composition, how they relate to the immunological imbalance, influencing the onset of different types of cancer and the impact of these mechanisms on the efficacy of traditional and upcoming cancer treatments.

scholarly journals The Impact of MicroRNAs on Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan P. Persengiev ◽  
Ivanela I. Kondova ◽  
Ronald E. Bontrop
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
System Level ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

The molecular instructions that govern gene expression regulation are encoded in the genome and ultimately determine the morphology and functional specifications of the human brain. As a consequence, changes in gene expression levels might be directly related to the functional decline associated with brain aging. Small noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs, comprise a group of regulatory molecules that modulate the expression of hundred of genes which play important roles in brain metabolism. Recent comparative studies in humans and nonhuman primates revealed that miRNAs regulate multiple pathways and interconnected signaling cascades that are the basis for the cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders during aging. Identifying the roles of miRNAs and their target genes in model organisms combined with system-level studies of the brain would provide more comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of brain deterioration during the aging process.

scholarly journals Association Study of Gut Flora in Coronary Heart Disease through High-Throughput Sequencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Cui ◽  
Tingting Zhao ◽  
Haibing Hu ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Xiuguo Hua
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
The Impact

Objectives.We aimed to explore the impact of gut microbiota in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients through high-throughput sequencing.Methods.A total of 29 CHD in-hospital patients and 35 healthy volunteers as controls were included. Nucleic acids were extracted from fecal samples, followed byαdiversity and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Based on unweighted UniFrac distance matrices, unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) trees were created.Results.After data optimization, an average of121312±19293reads in CHD patients and234372±108725reads in controls was obtained. Reads corresponding to 38 phyla, 90 classes, and 584 genera were detected in CHD patients, whereas 40 phyla, 99 classes, and 775 genera were detected in controls. The proportion of phylum Bacteroidetes (56.12%) was lower and that of phylum Firmicutes was higher (37.06%) in CHD patients than those in the controls (60.92% and 32.06%,P<0.05). PCoA and UPGMA tree analysis showed that there were significant differences of gut microbial compositions between the two groups.Conclusion.The diversity and compositions of gut flora were different between CHD patients and healthy controls. The incidence of CHD might be associated with the alteration of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Synbiotic Supplementation Modulates Gut Microbiota, Regulates Beta-catenin Expression and Prevents Weight Gain in Ob/ob Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Mauro Bezerra Duarte ◽  
José Tadeu Stefano ◽  
Lucas A. M. Franco ◽  
Roberta C. Martins ◽  
Bruna D. G. C. Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Synbiotic Supplementation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Obesity is one of the main health problems in the world today and dysbiosis seem to be one of the factors involved. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of synbiotic supplementation in obesity and microbiota in ob/ob mice. 20 animals were divided into four groups: Obese Treated (OT) and Control (OC), Lean Treated (LT) and Control (LC). All animals received standard diet for 8 weeks. Treated groups received a synbiotic in water while nontreated groups received water. After 8 weeks, all animals were sacrificed and gut tissue mRNA isolation and stool samples by microbiota analysis were collected. Beta-catenin, occludin, cadherin and zonulin were analyzed in gut tissue by RT-qPCR. Microbiome DNA was extracted from stool samples and sequenced using the Ion PGM Torrent platform. Results: The synbiotic supplementation reduced body weight gain in OT group comparing with OC (p=0.0398), increase of Enterobacteriaceae (p=0.005) and decrease of Cyanobacteria (p=0.047), Clostridiaceae (p=0.026), Turicibacterales (p=0.005) and Coprococcus (p=0.047). In the other hand, a significant reduction of Sutterella bacteria (p=0.009) and Turicibacter (p=0.005) was observed in LT group compared to LC. Alpha and beta diversities were differ between all treated groups. Beta-catenin gene expression was significantly decreased in the gut tissue of OT group (p≤0.0001) when compared to other groups. No changes were observed in occludin, cadherin and zonulin gene expression in the gut tissue. Conclusion: The synbiotics supplementation prevents excessive weight gain, modulates the gut microbiota, and reduces beta-catenin expression in ob/ob mice.

scholarly journals Environmental influences on the epigenomes of herpetofauna and fish

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Austin Hammond ◽  
Christopher J. Nelson ◽  
Caren C. Helbing
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Health It ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

Herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) and fish represent important sentinel and indicator species for environmental and ecosystem health. It is widely accepted that the epigenome plays an important role in gene expression regulation. Environmental stimuli, including temperature and pollutants, influence gene activity, and there is growing evidence demonstrating that an important mechanism is through modulation of the epigenome. This has been primarily studied in human and mammalian models; relatively little is known about the impact of environmental conditions or pollutants on herpetofauna or fish epigenomes and the regulatory consequences of these changes on gene expression. Herein we review recent studies that have begun to address this deficiency, which have mainly focused on limited specific epigenetic marks and individual genes or large-scale global changes in DNA methylation, owing to the comparative ease of measurement. Greater understanding of the epigenetic influences of these environmental factors will depend on increased availability of relevant species-specific genomic sequence information to facilitate chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA methylation experiments.

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