scholarly journals VIT1-dependent Fe distribution in seeds is conserved in dicots

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seckin Eroglu ◽  
Nur Karaca ◽  
Katarina Vogel-Mikus ◽  
Anja Kavčič ◽  
Ertugrul Filiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Endodermal Cell ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
The People ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Cellular Compartments

AbstractOne third of the people suffer from iron (Fe) Fe deficiency. An underlying factor for this malnutrition is insufficient Fe intake from the diet. A major part of the human diet includes seeds of staple crops, which contain Fe that is poorly bioavailable. One reason for the low bioavailability is these seeds store Fe in cellular compartments that also contain antinutrients, such as phytate. Thus, several studies focused on decreasing phytate concentrations. As an alternative approach to increase bioavailable Fe, Fe reserves might be directed to cellular compartments such as plastids that are free of phytate. Previous studies indicated that Fe reserves can be relocalized inside the seed to the desired compartment by genetic modification, provided that a suitable iron transporter protein is used. However, to the best of our knowledge, a Fe transporter localizing to plastids have not been identified in seeds to date. To discover novel Fe transporters, we screened Fe patterns in seeds of distinct plant lineages, hypothesizing Fe hyperaccumulating sites would indicate Fe transporter presence. To this end, metal localizations in seeds of more than twenty species were investigated using histochemical or X-ray based techniques. Results showed that in Rosids, the largest clade of eudicots, Fe reserves were primarily confined in the embryo part of the seeds. Furthermore, inside the embryos, Fe was enriched in the endodermal cell layer, a well-known feature that is mediated by vacuolar Fe transporter, VIT1 in model plantArabidopsis thaliana. This enrichment was well conserved in and beyond Rosid species. Finally, a few seeds showed novel Fe patterns, includingCarica papayawhich concentrated large Fe reserves exclusively in plastids called amyloplasts. Generally, Fe stored in amyloplast is considered bioavailable. Taken together, this study suggests dicot seeds store Fe mainly in the embryo, with a VIT1-dependent enrichment in its endodermal cell layer and indicateCarica papayapossess a strong Fe transporter at the plastid membrane. Once it is identified that might be useful in biofortification, as a novel tool to shift Fe to compartments where it is more bioavailable.

scholarly journals The development of a model for geodesic learning: The geodesic information processing model

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Leaf ◽  
Brenda Louw ◽  
Isabel Uys
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Traditional Learning ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
The People ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Alternative Service ◽  
Learning Institutions

The current article suggests that alternatives to the current traditional learning methods are essentials if learning institutions are to provide people with effective life skills that enable them to be autonomous learners. This suggestion is based on a body of literature on alternative learning which stresses the need for fundamental change and hence, a paradigm shift in perception of learning in order to cope with the world-wide information explosion. The alternative non-traditional approach proposed in geodesic learning which stresses learning how to learn and self-directed inquiry as essential life skills which enable systems as well as the people in the systems to bring about their own transformation in response to changing situations and requirements. The current article discusses an alternative service delivery model, the geodesic information processing model, which falls within the realms of the geodesic philosophy. The implications of this alternative approach for the speech-language therapist are discussed.

Is the Binding Pattern of Zinc(II) Equal in Different Bryophyte Species?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko S. Sabovljević ◽  
Marieluise Weidinger ◽  
Aneta D. Sabovljević ◽  
Wolfram Adlassnig ◽  
Ingeborg Lang
Keyword(s):  
Binding Pattern ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heavy Metal Deposition ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cellular Compartments

AbstractBryophytes are usually taken as good bioindicators. However, they represent a large group of terrestrial plants and they express an enormous range of peculiarities within the plant kingdom. With the aim to search for a common pattern of zinc binding, we established axenical in vitro cultures of a dozen bryophyte species that include hornworts, thallose, and leafy liverworts, as well as acrocarp and pleurocarp mosses. The species were grown free of contaminants for many years prior to the application of different treatments, i.e. offering Zn(II) from solid and liquid media and in combination with different anions. The localization and binding of zinc was detected by confocal microscopy using the zinc-specific dye FluoZin™-3. In one of the species, Hypnum cupressiforme (which is widely used for atmospheric heavy metal deposition studies in biomonitoring), semi-quantitative analyses of zinc were performed by energy dispersive X-ray microspectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope. The results suggest no common pattern of Zn(II) binding in different bryophyte species. Instead, the binding pattern seems to be species specific. Zinc is located in certain areas or cellular compartments, as clearly shown by the EDX measurements in H. cupressiforme.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Symptoms Detection Based on NasNetMobile with Explainable AI Using Various Imaging Modalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-504
Author(s):  
Md Manjurul Ahsan ◽  
Kishor Datta Gupta ◽  
Mohammad Maminur Islam ◽  
Sajib Sen ◽  
Md. Lutfar Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Interpretable Model ◽  
Potential Opportunity

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused more than 200,000 deaths so far in the USA alone, which instigates the necessity of initial screening to control the spread of the onset of COVID-19. However, screening for the disease becomes laborious with the available testing kits as the number of patients increases rapidly. Therefore, to reduce the dependency on the limited test kits, many studies suggested a computed tomography (CT) scan or chest radiograph (X-ray) based screening system as an alternative approach. Thereby, to reinforce these approaches, models using both CT scan and chest X-ray images need to develop to conduct a large number of tests simultaneously to detect patients with COVID-19 symptoms. In this work, patients with COVID-19 symptoms have been detected using eight distinct deep learning techniques, which are VGG16, InceptionResNetV2, ResNet50, DenseNet201, VGG19, MobilenetV2, NasNetMobile, and ResNet15V2, using two datasets: one dataset includes 400 CT scan and another 400 chest X-ray images. Results show that NasNetMobile outperformed all other models by achieving an accuracy of 82.94% in CT scan and 93.94% in chest X-ray datasets. Besides, Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) is used. Results demonstrate that the proposed models can identify the infectious regions and top features; ultimately, it provides a potential opportunity to distinguish between COVID-19 patients with others.

scholarly journals Robust indexing for automatic data collection

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas K. Sauter ◽  
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve ◽  
Paul D. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Automatic Data Collection ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Improved Methods

Improved methods for indexing diffraction patterns from macromolecular crystals are presented. The novel procedures include a more robust way to verify the position of the incident X-ray beam on the detector, an algorithm to verify that the deduced lattice basis is consistent with the observations, and an alternative approach to identify the metric symmetry of the lattice. These methods help to correct failures commonly experienced during indexing, and increase the overall success rate of the process. Rapid indexing, without the need for visual inspection, will play an important role as beamlines at synchrotron sources prepare for high-throughput automation.

scholarly journals Quest for Miracle Healing and Prosperity in the New Religious Movements in Nigeria: Its Causal Phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-186
Author(s):  
Benjamin Chukwunoso Nwokocha
Keyword(s):  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
The People ◽  
Prosperity Preaching ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church ◽  
Limited Scope

This paper x-rayed in a very precise form the theology of miracle healing and prosperity message expounded by the preachers of the new generation churches in Nigeria. Since however, this title is a bit too vast and ambitious for the limited scope and time of the discourse, the paper, therefore, investigated the salient issues involved in the theology of miracle healing and prosperity message as expounded by the preachers of the new generation churches in the south-east of Nigeria; though south-east/Igboland and Nigeria are used interchangeably. It also investigated how the theology amongst other factors has occasioned the proliferations of new religious movements in Nigeria. Other issues that are connected to the growth of the new religious movements in Nigeria and Igboland in particular examined in this study included the African’s quest for power, cultural identity, ethnic identity, health, and economic emancipation. The purpose of this study is to x-ray the impact of prosperity preaching and quest for miracle in the new religious movements in Nigeria. The findings showed that the import of the new religious movements in Nigeria is occasioned by the excesses of the colonial and missionary overlords in the pre-colonial Nigeria. Findings also indicated that the new religious movements came to fore in Nigeria as a religion of the oppressed in the cultural, social, religious and political spheres. It was developed as a rescue mission to the already degraded religion and tradition of the people. The methods of approach include historical and phenomenological methods. The study however recommends the theology of prosperity and miracle healing as a correct and sound teaching for not just the new religious movements but for all Christian churches in Nigeria. The study equally advocates that it would not be expounded beyond proportion so that the church would not be reduced to a mere miracle centers.

scholarly journals Progress in HAXPES performance combining full-field k-imaging with time-of-flight recording

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1996-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Medjanik ◽  
S. V. Babenkov ◽  
S. Chernov ◽  
D. Vasilyev ◽  
B. Schönhense ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Field Imaging ◽  
Phase Differences

An alternative approach to hard-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) has been established. The instrumental key feature is an increase of the dimensionality of the recording scheme from 2D to 3D. A high-energy momentum microscope detects electrons with initial kinetic energies up to 8 keV with a k-resolution of 0.025 Å−1, equivalent to an angular resolution of 0.034°. A special objective lens with k-space acceptance up to 25 Å−1 allows for simultaneous full-field imaging of many Brillouin zones. Combined with time-of-flight (ToF) parallel energy recording this yields maximum parallelization. Thanks to the high brilliance (1013 hν s−1 in a spot of <20 µm diameter) of beamline P22 at PETRA III (Hamburg, Germany), the microscope set a benchmark in HAXPES recording speed, i.e. several million counts per second for core-level signals and one million for d-bands of transition metals. The concept of tomographic k-space mapping established using soft X-rays works equally well in the hard X-ray range. Sharp valence band k-patterns of Re, collected at an excitation energy of 6 keV, correspond to direct transitions to the 28th repeated Brillouin zone. Measured total energy resolutions (photon bandwidth plus ToF-resolution) are 62 meV and 180 meV FWHM at 5.977 keV for monochromator crystals Si(333) and Si(311) and 450 meV at 4.0 keV for Si(111). Hard X-ray photoelectron diffraction (hXPD) patterns with rich fine structure are recorded within minutes. The short photoelectron wavelength (10% of the interatomic distance) `amplifies' phase differences, making full-field hXPD a sensitive structural tool.

scholarly journals XRF Analysis of Carica papaya Leaves of Semi Arid Region of Kachchh

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Pravin N. Ram ◽  
Vijay Ram ◽  
Taslimahemad T. Khatri ◽  
Suhas J. Vyas ◽  
Pragnesh N. Dave
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vanadium Titanium ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Semi Arid

The objective of the present investigation was to study the chemical composition of leaves of Carica papaya belonging to family Caricaceae growing in semi-arid region of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. The leaves of C. papaya were subjected to Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and were analyzed for different mineral composition. As the X-ray Fluorescence is one of the most reliable and accurate, as well as it is also a consistent and non-destructive method for analysis of major and trace elements using a single pressed pellet. During the study it was found that Oxygen, Calcium, Magnessium, Potassium were noted in higher amounts, compared to that of other elements like Silicon, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Chloride, Strontium, Stanous, Aluminium, Cromium and Mangenese, whereas the elements which were not detected in leaves of C. papaya are Vanadium, Titanium, Cobalt and Tantalum.

scholarly journals Hypercoordinated Organotin(IV) Compounds Containing ĸ²-C,O- And ĸ²,N- Chelating Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Polymerization Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Loungxay
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Condensation Polymerization ◽  
Tetrahedral Geometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Distorted Tetrahedral Geometry ◽  
Trigonal Bipyramidal ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Dimethyl Amine ◽  
Distorted Trigonal Bipyramidal

Rigid homopolystannanes and alternating polystannanes containing a benzyl methoxy ether (C,O) or benzyl dimethyl amine (C,N) ligand were prepared using either a direct approach, lithiation and transmetallation, or an alternative approach, either sequential chlorinations or brominations. X-ray crystallographic studies of 41 and 45 were conducted to find 41 in a distorted tetrahedral geometry with moderate hypercoordinate interaction (Sn-N: 2.917 Å) while 45 in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal with strong hypercoordinate interaction (Sn-N: 2.403 Å). Hydrogenation of 31 and 33 produced 42 and 43 in moderate-to-good yields. Dehydrocoupling polymerization produced modest molecular weight, rigid C,O- (Mw = 3.03 × 10⁴ Da, PDI: 1.4) and C,N- (Mw = 3.10 × 10⁴ Da, PDI: 1.82) homopolymers 56 and 57. Finally, condensation polymerization was attempted to produce low molecular weight (Mw = 1.30 × 10⁴ Da, PDI: 2.0) C,O- alternating polymer 60 and oligomer 61 (Mw = 0.92 × 10⁴ Da, PDI: 2.71).

scholarly journals Changing the Story: An Alternative Approach to System Change in Public Service Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
Sandra Geelhoed ◽  
Hayley Trowbridge ◽  
Sarah Henderson ◽  
Lauren Wallace-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
System Change ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Managerial Innovation

Abstract Storytelling is a powerful instrument for system change. Telling stories of lived experience, listening to them, and sharing them contributes to a culture of trust based on dignity, mutual respect and shared values. In this paper we draw attention to public service innovation and co-creation with the people the service is meant for. In the past years, public service innovation was result-and output driven, targeting technological and managerial innovation. Stories of service users revealed the unintended negative consequences of such innovation policies and opened new perspectives for conversations of change based on shared values leading to innovations based on human development and dignity.

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