scholarly journals Strong and lasting impacts of past global warming on baleen whale and prey abundance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Cabrera ◽  
Elena Schall ◽  
Martine Bérubé ◽  
Lutz Bachmann ◽  
Simon Berrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Prey Abundance ◽  
Baleen Whale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Genome Wide

AbstractThe demography of baleen whales and their prey during the past 30 thousand years was assessed to understand the effects of past rapid global warming on marine ecosystems. Mitochondrial and genome-wide DNA sequence variation in eight baleen whale and seven prey species revealed strong, ocean-wide demographic changes that were correlated with changes in global temperatures and regional oceanographic conditions. In the Southern Ocean baleen whale and prey abundance increased exponentially and in apparent synchrony, whereas changes in abundance varied among species in the more heterogeneous North Atlantic Ocean. The estimated changes in whale abundance correlated with increases in the abundance of prey likely driven by reductions in sea-ice cover and an overall increase in primary production. However, the specific regional oceanographic environment, trophic interactions and species ecology also appeared to play an important role. Somewhat surprisingly the abundance of baleen whales and prey continued to increase for several thousand years after global temperatures stabilized. These findings warn of the potential for dramatic, long-term effects of current climate changes on the marine ecosystem.One Sentence SummaryThe effects of past global warming on marine ecosystems were drastic, system-wide and long-lasting.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Grazing and Global Warming on the Composition and Carrying Capacity of Graminoid Marshes for Moulting Geese in East Greenland

AMBIO ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Madsen ◽  
Cornelia Jaspers ◽  
Mikkel Tamstorf ◽  
Christian Ebbe Mortensen ◽  
Frank Rigét
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
East Greenland

scholarly journals Population dynamics of Cymodocea nodosa under future ocean scenarios.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit K Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Cymodocea Nodosa ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere will increase the average pCO2 level in the world oceans, which will have a knock-on effect on the marine ecosystem. Coastal seagrass communities are predicted to benefit from the increase in CO2 levels, but long-term effects of elevated CO2 on seagrass communities are less understood. Population reconstruction techniques were used to investigate the population dynamics of Cymodocea nodosa meadows, exposed to long term elevated CO2 at volcanic seeps off Greece and Italy. Effect of elevated CO2 was noticed on the growth, morphometry, density, biomass and age structure at CO2 seeps than reference sites. Above to below ground biomass ratio of C. nodosa were higher at CO2 seeps. The shoot age and shoot longevity of plants were lower at seeps. The present recruitment (sampled year) of the seagrass were higher than long-term average recruitment of the communities near the seeps. Carbon to nitrogen ratios (%DW) and annual leaf production of C. nodosa were higher in leaves at seeps. This study suggests under long-term CO2 enrichment C. nodosa production increases, but the plant survival rate decreases because of other co-factors such as nutrient availability and trace metal toxicity. Therefore, along with high CO2 other factors must be taken into consideration while predicting effects of future CO2 concentrations.

scholarly journals Ten Years after the Prestige Oil Spill: Seabird Trophic Ecology as Indicator of Long-Term Effects on the Coastal Marine Ecosystem

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e77360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Moreno ◽  
Lluís Jover ◽  
Carmen Diez ◽  
Francesc Sardà ◽  
Carola Sanpera
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Coastal Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Prestige Oil Spill ◽  
The Prestige

Integrative genome-wide analysis of long-term effects of doxorubicin on yeast cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. S113
Author(s):  
H. Taymaz-Nikerel ◽  
E. Karabekmez ◽  
S. Eraslan ◽  
B. Kirdar
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome-wide epigenetic signatures of childhood adversity in early life: Opportunities and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Sasaki ◽  
Stephen G. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Maternal Exposures

AbstractMaternal adversity and fetal glucocorticoid exposure has long-term effects on cardiovascular, metabolic and behavioral systems in offspring that can persist throughout the lifespan. These data, along with other environmental exposure data, implicate epigenetic modifications as potential mechanisms for long-term effects of maternal exposures on adverse health outcomes in offspring. Advances in microarray, sequencing and bioinformatic approaches have enabled recent studies to examine the genome-wide epigenetic response to maternal adversity. Studies of maternal exposures to xenobiotics such as arsenic and smoking have been performed at birth to examine fetal epigenomic signatures in cord blood relating to adult health outcomes. However, there have been no epigenomic studies examining these effects in animal models. On the other hand, to date, only a few studies of the effects of maternal psychosocial stress have been performed in human infants, and the majority of animal studies have examined epigenomic outcomes in adulthood. In terms of maternal exposure to excess glucocorticoids by synthetic glucocorticoid treatment, there has been no epigenetic study performed in humans and only a few studies undertaken in animal models. This review emphasizes the importance of examining biomarkers of exposure to adversity throughout development to identify individuals at risk and to target interventions. Thus, research performed at birth will be reviewed. In addition, potential subject characteristics associated with epigenetic modifications, technical considerations, the selection of target tissues and combining human studies with animal models will be discussed in relation to the design of experiments in this field of study.

scholarly journals Influencia humana en las fluctuaciones poblacionales de erizos de mar

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
The Impact

Echinoids play an important role in marine ecosystems structuring. Often, their population density experience markedly fluctuations that promote a state shift in the ecosystems they inhabit. Population increments of some sea urchins may cause catastrophic changes in temperate areas of the planet by decimating the erect macroalgae cover. These population increments results in unproductive and very stable assemblages, known as “blanquizales” (ericeras/moradales), or sea urchin barren ground. Macroalgae are the main ecosystem engineers in temperate areas and generate a suitable nursery and feeding habitat for fishes. These algae stands are also important zones for biofiltration of coastal waters and CO2 uptake. The main consequence of vegetated biomass lost is a trophic disequilibrium that generates important economic losses for artisanal fisheries and tourism. In tropical areas, sea urchin’s outbreaks can cause bioerosion in coral reefs. However, the most important event to highlight was the mass mortality occurred in the Caribbean during the 80’s. This event favored the development of algae communities that suffocated the coral reef ecosystem. Therefore, both in temperate and tropical areas of the planet, these boom-bust echinoids generate undesired ecosystems states. Very recently, various global scale collaborative papers have highlighted a clear anthropogenic cue. Human activity though overfishing or favoring global warming, weakens marine ecosystem resilience and promote these catastrophic ecosystem shifts. To mitigate the effects of these population changes different management strategies have been used. For instance, in temperate areas, sea urchin reduction actions (manually or by using quick lime), sea urchin harvesting or the implementation of marine reserves have been used, with contrasting results. In Caribbean coral reefs affected by urchin mass mortality, some sea urchin juvenile’s reintroduction plans have been used but with very low effectiveness. The more feasible ecosystem scale strategy due to its preventive nature, seems to be the implementation of protected areas. However, the impact of global warming will exceed our capacity to manage marine ecosystems locally and will required more efficient global actions to prevent undesired sea urchin fluctuations. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S23-S34. Epub 2017 November 01.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE CATASTROPHE RISK OF GLOBAL WARMING BY DYNAMIC MODEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori NAKAJIMA ◽  
Yasuhisa HAYASHIYAMA ◽  
Hisayoshi MORISUGI
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Catastrophe Risk
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