scholarly journals Low acetylcholine during early sleep is important for motor memory consolidation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsoon Inayat ◽  
Qandeel ◽  
Mojtaba Nazariahangarkolaee ◽  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
Bruce L. McNaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Sleep Structure ◽  
Rotarod Performance ◽  
Cholinergic Tone

AbstractThe synaptic homeostasis theory of sleep proposes that low neurotransmitter activity in sleep is optimal for memory consolidation. We tested this theory by asking whether increasing acetylcholine levels during early sleep would disrupt motor memory consolidation. We trained separate groups of adult mice on the rotarod walking and skilled reaching for food tasks, and after training, administered physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, to increase cholinergic tone in subsequent sleep. Post-sleep testing suggested that physostigmine impaired motor skill acquisition. Home-cage video monitoring and electrophysiology revealed that physostigmine disrupted sleep structure, delayed non-rapid-eye-movement sleep onset, and reduced slow-wave power in the hippocampus and cortex. The impaired motor performance with physostigmine, however, was not solely due to its effects on sleep structure, as one hour of sleep deprivation after training did not impair rotarod performance. A reduction in cholinergic tone by inactivation of cholinergic neurons during early sleep also affected rotarod performance. Administration of agonists and antagonists of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors revealed that activation of muscarinic receptors during early sleep impaired rotarod performance. The experiments suggest that the increased slow wave activity and inactivation of muscarinic receptors during early sleep due to reduced acetylcholine contribute to motor memory consolidation.

scholarly journals Low acetylcholine during early sleep is important for motor memory consolidation

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsoon Inayat ◽  
Qandeel ◽  
Mojtaba Nazariahangarkolaee ◽  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
Bruce L McNaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Sleep Structure ◽  
Rotarod Performance ◽  
Cholinergic Tone

Abstract The synaptic homeostasis theory of sleep proposes that low neurotransmitter activity in sleep optimizes memory consolidation. We tested this theory by asking whether increasing acetylcholine levels during early sleep would weaken motor memory consolidation. We trained separate groups of adult mice on the rotarod walking task and the single pellet reaching task, and after training, administered physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, to increase cholinergic tone in subsequent sleep. Post-sleep testing showed that physostigmine impaired motor skill acquisition of both tasks. Home-cage video monitoring and electrophysiology revealed that physostigmine disrupted sleep structure, delayed non-rapid-eye-movement sleep onset, and reduced slow-wave power in the hippocampus and cortex. Additional experiments showed that: (1) the impaired performance associated with physostigmine was not due to its effects on sleep structure, as 1 h of sleep deprivation after training did not impair rotarod performance, (2) a reduction in cholinergic tone by inactivation of cholinergic neurons during early sleep did not affect rotarod performance, and (3) stimulating or blocking muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors did not impair rotarod performance. Taken together, the experiments suggest that the increased slow wave activity and inactivation of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors during early sleep due to reduced acetylcholine contribute to motor memory consolidation.

Sleep-electroencephalography and the secretion of cortisol and growth hormone in normal controls

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Steiger ◽  
T. Herth ◽  
F. Holsboer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep Structure ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract. Sleep-electroencephalography, and the nocturnal secretion of cortisol and GH were investigated simultaneously in a sample of 25 male normal controls (27.1 ± 1.3 years) in order further to examine interaction between sleep structure and concurrent endocrine activity. Slow wave sleep activity was increased during the first part of the night, whereas cortisol concentration was low and GH output reached maximal levels. The second half of the night was characterized by a relative preponderance of REM-sleep, low GH-concentration, and an increase in cortisol. However, no distinct reciprocal interaction between cortisol and GH concentration was noted. In all subjects, a pronounced GH surge between 22.00 and 02.00 h was recorded which occurred independently of the presence of slow wave sleep. Six out of the 25 subjects showed nocturnal GH increases even before sleep onset. These data indicate that somatotropic cell activity during night is less dependent upon the sleeping state or specific conventially defined sleep stages than originally reported.

scholarly journals Bi-Temporal Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Slow-Wave Sleep Boosts Slow-Wave Density but Not Memory Consolidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Simon Ruch ◽  
Kristoffer Fehér ◽  
Stephanie Homan ◽  
Yosuke Morishima ◽  
Sarah Maria Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Episodic Memories

Slow-wave sleep (SWS) has been shown to promote long-term consolidation of episodic memories in hippocampo–neocortical networks. Previous research has aimed to modulate cortical sleep slow-waves and spindles to facilitate episodic memory consolidation. Here, we instead aimed to modulate hippocampal activity during slow-wave sleep using transcranial direct current stimulation in 18 healthy humans. A pair-associate episodic memory task was used to evaluate sleep-dependent memory consolidation with face–occupation stimuli. Pre- and post-nap retrieval was assessed as a measure of memory performance. Anodal stimulation with 2 mA was applied bilaterally over the lateral temporal cortex, motivated by its particularly extensive connections to the hippocampus. The participants slept in a magnetic resonance (MR)-simulator during the recordings to test the feasibility for a future MR-study. We used a sham-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced randomized, within-subject crossover design. We show that stimulation vs. sham significantly increased slow-wave density and the temporal coupling of fast spindles and slow-waves. While retention of episodic memories across sleep was not affected across the entire sample of participants, it was impaired in participants with below-average pre-sleep memory performance. Hence, bi-temporal anodal direct current stimulation applied during sleep enhanced sleep parameters that are typically involved in memory consolidation, but it failed to improve memory consolidation and even tended to impair consolidation in poor learners. These findings suggest that artificially enhancing memory-related sleep parameters to improve memory consolidation can actually backfire in those participants who are in most need of memory improvement.

scholarly journals Medial Prefrontal-Hippocampal Connectivity and Motor Memory Consolidation in Depression and Schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Genzel ◽  
Martin Dresler ◽  
Marion Cornu ◽  
Eugen Jäger ◽  
Boris Konrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Motor Memory

Contribution of the Premotor Cortex to Consolidation of Motor Sequence Learning in Humans During Sleep

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 2603-2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
Michaela Jakoubkova ◽  
Nivethida Thirugnanasambandam ◽  
Leonie Schmalfuss ◽  
Sandra Hullemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Motor Sequence

Motor learning and memory consolidation require the contribution of different cortices. For motor sequence learning, the primary motor cortex is involved primarily in its acquisition. Premotor areas might be important for consolidation. In accordance, modulation of cortical excitability via transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS) during learning affects performance when applied to the primary motor cortex, but not premotor cortex. We aimed to explore whether premotor tDCS influences task performance during motor memory consolidation. The impact of excitability-enhancing, -diminishing, or placebo premotor tDCS during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep on recall in the serial reaction time task (SRTT) was explored in healthy humans. The motor task was learned in the evening. Recall was performed immediately after tDCS or the following morning. In two separate control experiments, excitability-enhancing premotor tDCS was performed 4 h after task learning during daytime or immediately before conduction of a simple reaction time task. Excitability-enhancing tDCS performed during REM sleep increased recall of the learned movement sequences, when tested immediately after stimulation. REM density was enhanced by excitability-increasing tDCS and reduced by inhibitory tDCS, but did not correlate with task performance. In the control experiments, tDCS did not improve performance. We conclude that the premotor cortex is involved in motor memory consolidation during REM sleep.

scholarly journals Sigma Oscillations Protect or Reinstate Motor Memory Depending on their Temporal Coordination with Slow Waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Nicolas ◽  
Brad R King ◽  
David Levesque ◽  
Latifa Lazzouni ◽  
Emily BJ Coffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Temporal Coordination ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Related Phase

Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during post-learning sleep is known to enhance motor memory consolidation but the underlying neurophysiological processes remain unclear. Here, we confirm the beneficial effect of auditory TMR on motor performance. At the neural level, TMR enhanced slow waves (SW) characteristics. Additionally, greater TMR-related phase-amplitude coupling between slow (0.3-2 Hz) and sigma (12-16 Hz) oscillations after the SW peak was related to higher TMR effect on performance. Importantly, sounds that were not associated to learning strengthened SW-sigma coupling at the SW trough and the increase in sigma power nested in the trough of the potential evoked by these unassociated sounds was related to the TMR benefit. Altogether, our data suggest that, depending on their precise temporal coordination during post learning sleep, slow and sigma oscillations play a crucial role in either memory reinstatement or protection against irrelevant information; two processes that critically contribute to motor memory consolidation.

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