scholarly journals Cortical and thalamic connectivity of temporal visual cortical areas 20a and 20b of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh-Anne Dell ◽  
Giorgio M Innocenti ◽  
Claus C Hilgetag ◽  
Paul R Manger
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Dorsal Thalamus ◽  
Visual Thalamus ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Visual Cortical

The present study describes the ipsilateral and contralateral cortico-cortical and cortico-thalamic connectivity of the temporal visual areas 20a and 20b in the ferret using standard anatomical tract-tracing methods. The two temporal visual areas are strongly interconnected, but area 20a is primarily connected to the occipital visual areas, whereas area 20b maintains more widespread connections with the occipital, parietal and suprasylvian visual areas and the secondary auditory cortex. The callosal connectivity, although homotopic, consists mainly of very weak anterograde labelling which was more widespread in area 20a than area 20b. Although areas 20a and 20b are well connected with the visual dorsal thalamus, the injection into area 20a resulted in more anterograde label, whereas more retrograde label was observed in the visual thalamus following the injection into area 20b. Most interestingly, comparisons to previous connectional studies of cat areas 20a and 20b reveal a common pattern of connectivity of the temporal visual cortex in carnivores, where the posterior parietal cortex and the central temporal region (PMLS) provide network points required for dorsal and ventral stream interaction enroute to integration in the prefrontal cortex. This pattern of network connectivity is not dissimilar to that observed in primates, which highlights the ferret as a useful animal model to understand visual sensory integration between the dorsal and ventral streams. This data will contribute to the Ferretome (www.ferretome.org) to facilitate cross species analysis of brain connectomes and wiring principles of the brain.

scholarly journals Cortical and thalamic connectivity of posterior parietal visual cortical areas PPc and PPr of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh-Anne Dell ◽  
Giorgio M Innocenti ◽  
Claus C Hilgetag ◽  
Paul R Manger
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Dorsal Thalamus ◽  
Area 7 ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
And Function

The present study describes the ipsilateral and contralateral cortico-cortical and cortico-thalamic connectivity of the parietal visual areas PPc and PPr in the ferret using standard anatomical tract-tracing methods. The two divisions of posterior parietal cortex of the ferret are strongly interconnected, however area PPc shows stronger connectivity with the occipital and suprasylvian visual cortex, while area PPr shows stronger connectivity with the somatomotor cortex, reflecting the functional specificity of these two areas. This pattern of connectivity is mirrored in the contralateral callosal connections. In addition, PPc and PPr are connected with the visual and somatomotor nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. Numerous connectional similarities exist between the posterior parietal cortex of the ferret (PPc and PPr) and the cat (area 7 and 5), indicative of the homology of these areas within the Carnivora. These findings highlight the existence of a fronto-parietal network as a shared feature of the organization of parietal cortex across Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatherians, with the degree of expression varying in relation to the expansion and areal complexity of the posterior parietal cortex. This observation indicates that the ferret is a potentially valuable experimental model animal for understanding the evolution and function of the posterior parietal cortex and the fronto-parietal network across mammals. The data generated will also contribute to the Ferretome (www.ferretome.org) connectomics databank, to further cross-species analyses of connectomes and illuminate wiring principles of cortical connectivity across mammals.

scholarly journals Cortical and thalamic connectivity of occipital visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19 and 21 of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh-Anne Dell ◽  
Giorgio M Innocenti ◽  
Claus C Hilgetag ◽  
Paul R Manger
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Cortical Connectivity ◽  
Ipsilateral Hemisphere ◽  
Dorsal Thalamus ◽  
Visual Thalamus ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Visual Cortical

The present study describes the ipsilateral and contralateral cortico-cortical and cortico-thalamic connectivity of the occipital visual areas 17,18, 19 and 21 in the ferret using standard anatomical tract-tracing methods. In line with previous studies of mammalian visual cortex connectivity, substantially more anterograde and retrograde label was present in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injection site compared to the contralateral hemisphere. Ipsilateral reciprocal connectivity was the strongest within the occipital visual areas, while weaker connectivity strength was observed in the temporal, suprasylvian and parietal visual areas. Callosal connectivity tended to be strongest in the homotopic cortical areas, and revealed a similar areal distribution to that observed in the ipsilateral hemisphere, although often less widespread across cortical areas. Ipsilateral reciprocal connectivity was observed throughout the visual nuclei of the dorsal thalamus, with no contralateral connections to the visual thalamus being observed. The current study, along with previous studies of connectivity in the cat, identified the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual area (PMLS) as a distinct network hub external to the occipital visual areas in carnivores, implicating PMLS as a potential gateway to the parietal cortex for dorsal stream processing. These data will also contribute to the Ferretome (www.ferretome.org), a macro connectome database of the ferret brain, providing essential data for connectomics analyses and cross-species analyses of connectomes and brain connectivity matrices, as well as providing data relevant to additional studies of cortical connectivity across mammals and the evolution of cortical connectivity variation.

scholarly journals Human posterior parietal cortex responds to visual stimuli as early as peristriate occipital cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar I. Regev ◽  
Jonathan Winawer ◽  
Edden M. Gerber ◽  
Robert T. Knight ◽  
Leon Y. Deouell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Baseline Activity ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Posterior Parietal

AbstractMuch of what is known about the timing of visual processing in the brain is inferred from intracranial studies in monkeys, with human data limited to mainly non-invasive methods with lower spatial resolution. Here, we estimated visual onset latencies from electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings in a patient who was implanted with 112 sub-dural electrodes, distributed across the posterior cortex of the right hemisphere, for pre-surgical evaluation of intractable epilepsy. Functional MRI prior to surgery was used to determine boundaries of visual areas. The patient was presented with images of objects from several categories. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were calculated across all categories excluding targets, and statistically reliable onset latencies were determined using a bootstrapping procedure over the single trial baseline activity in individual electrodes. The distribution of onset latencies broadly reflected the known hierarchy of visual areas, with the earliest cortical responses in primary visual cortex, and higher areas showing later responses. A clear exception to this pattern was robust, statistically reliable and spatially localized, very early responses on the bank of the posterior intra-parietal sulcus (IPS). The response in the IPS started nearly simultaneously with responses detected in peristriate visual areas, around 60 milliseconds post-stimulus onset. Our results support the notion of early visual processing in the posterior parietal lobe, not respecting traditional hierarchies, and give direct evidence for the upper limit of onset times of visual responses across the human cortex.

scholarly journals Reconsidering the Border between the Visual and Posterior Parietal Cortex of Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara R J Gilissen ◽  
Karl Farrow ◽  
Vincent Bonin ◽  
Lutgarde Arckens
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Anterior Cortex ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Cortical Input ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Cortical Map

Abstract The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) contributes to multisensory and sensory-motor integration, as well as spatial navigation. Based on primate studies, the PPC is composed of several subdivisions with differing connection patterns, including areas that exhibit retinotopy. In mice the composition of the PPC is still under debate. We propose a revised anatomical delineation in which we classify the higher order visual areas rostrolateral area (RL), anteromedial area (AM), and Medio-Medial-Anterior cortex (MMA) as subregions of the mouse PPC. Retrograde and anterograde tracing revealed connectivity, characteristic for primate PPC, with sensory, retrosplenial, orbitofrontal, cingulate and motor cortex, as well as with several thalamic nuclei and the superior colliculus in the mouse. Regarding cortical input, RL receives major input from the somatosensory barrel field, while AM receives more input from the trunk, whereas MMA receives strong inputs from retrosplenial, cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices. These input differences suggest that each posterior PPC subregion may have a distinct function. Summarized, we put forward a refined cortical map, including a mouse PPC that contains at least 6 subregions, RL, AM, MMA and PtP, MPta, LPta/A. These anatomical results set the stage for a more detailed understanding about the role that the PPC and its subdivisions play in multisensory integration-based behavior in mice.

Location, architecture, and retinotopy of the anteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual area (AMLS) of the ferret (Mustela putorius)

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL R. MANGER ◽  
GERHARD ENGLER ◽  
CHRISTIAN K.E. MOLL ◽  
ANDREAS K. ENGEL
Keyword(s):  
Visual Area ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Retinotopic Organization ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Cortical Visual Areas

The present paper describes the results of architectural and electrophysiological mapping observations of the medial bank of the suprasylvian sulcus of the ferret immediately caudal to somatosensory regions. The aim was to determine if the ferret possessed a homologous cortical area to the anteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual area (AMLS) of the domestic cat. We studied the architectural features and visuotopic organization of a region that we now consider to be a homologue to the cat AMLS. This area showed a distinct architecture and retinotopic organization. The retinotopic map was complex in nature with a bias towards representation of the lower visual field. These features indicate that the region described here as AMLS in the ferret is indeed a direct homologue of the previously described cat AMLS and forms part of a hierarchy of cortical areas processing motion in the ferret visual cortex. With the results of the present study and those of earlier studies a total of twelve cortical visual areas have been determined presently for the ferret, all of which appear to have direct homologues with visual cortical areas in the cat (which has a total of eighteen areas).

scholarly journals Reconsidering the border between the visual and posterior parietal cortex of mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara R. J. Gilissen ◽  
Karl Farrow ◽  
Vincent Bonin ◽  
Lutgarde Arckens
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
List Type ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Cortical Input ◽  
Mouse Cortex ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Posterior Parietal

AbstractThe posterior parietal cortex (PPC) contributes to multisensory and sensory-motor integration, as well as spatial navigation. Based on studies in primates, the PPC is composed of several subdivisions with differing connection patterns, including areas that exhibit retinotopy. In mice the exact anatomical location and composition of the PPC is poorly understood. We present a revised delineation in which we classify the higher-order visual areas RL, AM and MMA as subregions of the mouse PPC. Retrograde and anterograde tracing revealed connectivity, characteristic for primate PPC, with sensory, retrosplenial, orbitofrontal, cingulate and motor cortex, as well as with several thalamic nuclei and the superior colliculus in the mouse. Regarding cortical input, RL receives major input from the somatosensory barrel field, while AM receives more input from the trunk, whereas MMA receives strong inputs from retrosplenial, cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices. These input differences suggest that each new PPC sub-region has a distinct function. Summarized, we put forward a new refined cortical map, including a mouse PPC that contains at least 6 sub-regions, RL, AM, MMA and PtP, MPta, LPta/A. These results will facilitate a more detailed understanding about the role that the PPC and its subdivisions play in multisensory integration-based behavior in mice.HighlightsHigher-order visual areas RL, AM and MMA are part of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of the mouse based on connectivity.The mouse PPC contains at least 6 sub-regions, including RL, AM, MMA, PtP, LPtA/A and MPtASpecialized cortical input patterns to the new PPC subdivisions may reflect division of function.A new flattened map for mouse cortex represents refined auditory, visual, retrosplenial and PPC areas.

Convergence of processing channels in the extrastriate cortex of monkeys

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Krubitzer ◽  
Jon Kaas
Keyword(s):  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Visual Area Mt

AbstractThe first (V-I) and second (V-II) visual areas of primates contain three types of anatomical segregations of neurons as parts of hypothesized “P-B” or “color”, “P-I” or “form,” and “M” or “motion” processing channels. These channels remain distinct in relays of P-B and P-I information to the inferior temporal lobe via V-II and dorsolateral visual cortex for object recognition, and “M” information to posterior parietal cortex via the middle temporal visual area (MT) for visual tracking and attention. The present anatomical experiments demonstrate another channel where “P-B” modules in V-I and “P-B” and “M” modules in V-II merge in the projections to the dorsomedial visual area (DM), which relays to MT and posterior parietal cortex. This integrative area may function in unifying our perception of the visual world, and may allow “color” as well as “motion” to play a role in visual tracking and attention.

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