scholarly journals Electromyographic analysis of the suprahyoid muscles in infants based on the lingual fraenulum attachment during breastfeeding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellia Christinne de Lima França ◽  
Lucas Carvalho Aragão Albuquerque ◽  
Roberta Castro Lopes Martinelli ◽  
Ilda Machado Fiuza Gonçalves ◽  
Cejana Biocchi Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Ventral Aspect ◽  
Suprahyoid Muscle

Introduction Muscle electrical activity analysis can aid in the identification of oral motor dysfunctions such as those resulting from altered lingual fraenulum which, in turn, impairs feeding. We aimed to analyse suprahyoid muscle electrical activity of infants based on lingual fraenulum attachment to the sublingual (ventral) aspect of the tongue and floor of the mouth, during breastfeeding. Methods and Results We studied full-term infants of both genders aged between 1–4 months. Lingual fraenulum evaluation and surface suprahyoid muscle electromyography was performed during breastfeeding. Mean muscle activities were recorded in microvolts and converted into percent values (normalisation) of the reference value. Associations between root mean square and independent variables were tested by one-way analysis of variance and Student’s t-test with significance level of 5% and test power of 95%. We evaluated 235 infants while breastfeeding. The lingual fraenulum was commonly attached to the tongue’s ventral aspect between middle third and apex, and on the mouth floor visible from the lower alveolar ridge. Lower muscle activity was observed with lingual fraenulum attached to apex/lower alveolar ridge, followed by attachment to middle third/lower alveolar ridge, and between middle third and apex/lower alveolar ridge. Highest activity observed in Infants with attachment to middle third/sublingual caruncles, had a thin lingual fraenulum, performed several sucks followed by short pauses, showed coordination between swallowing, sucking, and breathing, did not “bite” nipple, and showed no tongue snapping nor stress. Conclusion Greater suprahyoid muscle activity during breastfeeding was observed with lingual fraenulum attachment to middle third of the tongue/sublingual caruncles, showed coordination between swallowing, sucking, and breathing. Surface electromyography is effective in diagnosing lingual fraenulum alterations, whose attachment point raises doubts as restriction of tongue mobility. This technique identifies possible oral motor dysfunctions, enables direct therapeutic interventions and early intervention, and prevents feeding and communication alterations. ²²

scholarly journals Surface Electromyographic Analysis of the Suprahyoid Muscles in Infants Based on Lingual Frenulum Attachment during Breastfeeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Ellia Christinne Lima França ◽  
Lucas Carvalho Aragão Albuquerque ◽  
Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli ◽  
Ilda Machado Fiuza Gonçalves ◽  
Cejana Baiocchi Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Suprahyoid Muscle

Muscle electrical activity analysis can aid in the identification of oral motor dysfunctions, such as those resulting from an altered lingual frenulum, which consequently impairs feeding. Here, we aim to analyze the suprahyoid muscle electrical activity of infants via surface electromyography, based on lingual frenulum attachment to the sublingual aspect of the tongue and floor of the mouth during breastfeeding. In the present study, we have studied full-term infants of both genders, aged between 1 and 4 months old. The mean muscle activities were recorded in microvolts and converted into percent values of the reference value. Associations between the root mean square and independent variables were tested by one-way analysis of variance and Student’s t-test, with a significance level of 5% and test power of 95%, respectively. We evaluated 235 infants. Lower mean muscle electrical activity was observed with the lingual frenulum attached to apex/lower alveolar ridge, followed by attachment to the middle third/lower alveolar ridge, and between the middle third and apex/lower alveolar ridge. Greater suprahyoid muscle activity was observed with lingual frenulum attachment to the middle third of the tongue/sublingual caruncles, showing a coordination between swallowing, sucking, and breathing. Surface electromyography is effective in diagnosing lingual frenulum alterations, the attachment points of which raises doubt concerning the restriction of tongue mobility. Thus, it is possible to identify oral motor dysfunctions.

Immediate diaphragmatic electromyogram responses to imperceptible mechanical loads in conscious humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Kobylarz ◽  
J. A. Daubenspeck
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Tonic Activity ◽  
Phasic Activity ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Oral Airway ◽  
Pattern Regulation ◽  
Adaptive Pattern

We used an esophageal electrode to measure the amplitude and neural inspiratory and expiratory (N TE) timing responses of crural diaphragmatic electrical activity in response to flow-resistive (R) and elastic (E) loads at or below the threshold for conscious detection, applied pseudorandomly to the oral airway of eight normal subjects. We observed a rapid first-breath neural reflex that modified respiratory timing such that N TE lengthened significantly in response to R loads in six of eight subjects and shortened in response to E loading in six of seven subjects. The prolongation of N TE with R loading resulted primarily from lengthening the portion of N TE during which phasic activity in the diaphragm is absent (TE NDIA), whereas E loading shortened N TE mainly by reducing TE NDIA. Most subjects responded to both types of loading by decreasing mean tonic diaphragmatic activity, the average level of muscle activity that exists when no phasic changes are occurring, as well as its variability. The observed timing responses are consistent in direction with optimally adaptive pattern regulation, whereas the modulation of tonic activity may be useful in neural regulation of end-expiratory lung volume.

scholarly journals Auditory Verbal Cues Alter the Perceived Flavor of Beverages and Ease of Swallowing: A Psychometric and Electrophysiological Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Nakamura ◽  
Satoshi Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Flavor Perception ◽  
Participant Group ◽  
Swallow Physiology ◽  
Suprahyoid Muscle ◽  
Elderly Participant

We investigated the possible effects of auditory verbal cues on flavor perception and swallow physiology for younger and elder participants. Apple juice, aojiru (grass) juice, and water were ingested with or without auditory verbal cues. Flavor perception and ease of swallowing were measured using a visual analog scale and swallow physiology by surface electromyography and cervical auscultation. The auditory verbal cues had significant positive effects on flavor and ease of swallowing as well as on swallow physiology. The taste score and the ease of swallowing score significantly increased when the participant’s anticipation was primed by accurate auditory verbal cues. There was no significant effect of auditory verbal cues on distaste score. Regardless of age, the maximum suprahyoid muscle activity significantly decreased when a beverage was ingested without auditory verbal cues. The interval between the onset of swallowing sounds and the peak timing point of the infrahyoid muscle activity significantly shortened when the anticipation induced by the cue was contradicted in the elderly participant group. These results suggest that auditory verbal cues can improve the perceived flavor of beverages and swallow physiology.

scholarly journals Respiratory Muscle Effort during Expiration in Successful and Failed Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonne Doorduin ◽  
Lisanne H. Roesthuis ◽  
Diana Jansen ◽  
Johannes G. van der Hoeven ◽  
Hieronymus W. H. van Hees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Expiratory Muscle ◽  
Diaphragm Electrical Activity ◽  
Gastric Pressure ◽  
Weaning Failure ◽  
Expiratory Muscles

Abstract What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Respiratory muscle weakness in critically ill patients is associated with difficulty in weaning from mechanical ventilation. Previous studies have mainly focused on inspiratory muscle activity during weaning; expiratory muscle activity is less well understood. The current study describes expiratory muscle activity during weaning, including tonic diaphragm activity. The authors hypothesized that expiratory muscle effort is greater in patients who fail to wean compared to those who wean successfully. Methods Twenty adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation (more than 72 h) performed a spontaneous breathing trial. Tidal volume, transdiaphragmatic pressure, diaphragm electrical activity, and diaphragm neuromechanical efficiency were calculated on a breath-by-breath basis. Inspiratory (and expiratory) muscle efforts were calculated as the inspiratory esophageal (and expiratory gastric) pressure–time products, respectively. Results Nine patients failed weaning. The contribution of the expiratory muscles to total respiratory muscle effort increased in the “failure” group from 13 ± 9% at onset to 24 ± 10% at the end of the breathing trial (P = 0.047); there was no increase in the “success” group. Diaphragm electrical activity (expressed as the percentage of inspiratory peak) was low at end expiration (failure, 3 ± 2%; success, 4 ± 6%) and equal between groups during the entire expiratory phase (P = 0.407). Diaphragm neuromechanical efficiency was lower in the failure versus success groups (0.38 ± 0.16 vs. 0.71 ± 0.36 cm H2O/μV; P = 0.054). Conclusions Weaning failure (vs. success) is associated with increased effort of the expiratory muscles and impaired neuromechanical efficiency of the diaphragm but no difference in tonic activity of the diaphragm.

scholarly journals Noninvasive muscle activity imaging using magnetography

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 4942-4947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo R. Llinás ◽  
Mikhail Ustinin ◽  
Stanislav Rykunov ◽  
Kerry D. Walton ◽  
Guilherme M. Rabello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Somatic Musculature ◽  
The Magnetic Field

A spectroscopic paradigm has been developed that allows the magnetic field emissions generated by the electrical activity in the human body to be imaged in real time. The growing significance of imaging modalities in biology is evident by the almost exponential increase of their use in research, from the molecular to the ecological level. The method of analysis described here allows totally noninvasive imaging of muscular activity (heart, somatic musculature). Such imaging can be obtained without additional methodological steps such as the use of contrast media.

scholarly journals Effect of Parkinson’s disease and two therapeutic interventions on muscle activity during walking: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Islam ◽  
Lisa Alcock ◽  
Kianoush Nazarpour ◽  
Lynn Rochester ◽  
Annette Pantall
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Gait Impairment ◽  
Dopaminergic Medication ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Functional Gait

Abstract Gait deficits are a common feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and predictors of future motor and cognitive impairment. Understanding how muscle activity contributes to gait impairment and effects of therapeutic interventions on motor behaviour is crucial for identifying potential biomarkers and developing rehabilitation strategies. This article reviews sixteen studies that investigate the electromyographic (EMG) activity of lower limb muscles in people with PD during walking and reports on their quality. The weight of evidence establishing differences in motor activity between people with PD and healthy older adults (HOAs) is considered. Additionally, the effect of dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation (DBS) on modifying motor activity is assessed. Results indicated greater proximal and decreased distal activity of lower limb muscles during walking in individuals with PD compared to HOA. Dopaminergic medication was associated with increased distal lower limb muscle activity whereas subthalamic nucleus DBS increased activity of both proximal and distal lower limb muscles. Tibialis anterior was impacted most by the interventions. Quality of the studies was not strong, with a median score of 61%. Most studies investigated only distal muscles, involved small sample sizes, extracted limited EMG features and lacked rigorous signal processing. Few studies related changes in motor activity with functional gait measures. Understanding mechanisms underpinning gait impairment in PD is essential for development of personalised rehabilitative interventions. Recommendations for future studies include greater participant numbers, recording more functionally diverse muscles, applying multi-muscle analyses, and relating EMG to functional gait measures.

Breathing modes, body positions, and suprahyoid muscle activity

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Takahashi ◽  
T. Ono ◽  
Y. Ishiwata ◽  
T. Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Suprahyoid Muscle

Chin Tuck Against Resistance (CTAR): New Method for Enhancing Suprahyoid Muscle Activity Using a Shaker-type Exercise

Dysphagia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Lam Yoon ◽  
Jason Kai Peng Khoo ◽  
Susan J. Rickard Liow
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
New Method ◽  
Chin Tuck ◽  
Suprahyoid Muscle

Relationship between transmural potential difference and smooth muscle slow waves and contractility in the rabbit small intestine in vitro

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley Greenwood ◽  
Jan D. Huizinga ◽  
Edwin Chow ◽  
Wylie J. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Rabbit Ileum

The relationship between transmural potential difference (PD) and smooth muscle electrical and mechanical activity was investigated in the rabbit ileum in vitro. Transmural PD was monitored using agar salt bridge electrodes connected via calomel half cells to an electrometer. Force displacement transducers recorded predominantly longitudinal smooth muscle activity. Concurrently, predominantly circular muscle activity was recorded at three sites using intraluminal pressure probes. At the same sites, suction electrodes monitored electrical activity of the smooth muscle. In all experiments, fluctuations in transmural PD were temporally linked to smooth muscle mechanical and electrical activity. The frequency of PD oscillations, electrical slow waves, and cyclic pressure changes were identical within each segment. Adrenaline abolished smooth muscle electrical spiking, all mechanical activity, and transmural fluctuations in PD. However, the slow waves were not abolished, though their frequency was increased. Phentolamine but not propranolol reversed the effects of adrenaline, thus slow wave frequency is influenced by α-adrenergic stimulation in the rabbit ileum. In conclusion, oscillations in transmural PD are unrelated to the ionic processes associated with the slow wave. However, they are in some way linked to smooth muscle contractile activity, possibly via an intrinsic neural mechanism as observed in the guinea pig.

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