scholarly journals Isolation of adipose tissue derived regenerative cells from human subcutaneous tissue with or without the use of an enzymatic reagent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn E. Winnier ◽  
Nick Valenzuela ◽  
Christopher Alt ◽  
Jennifer Peters-Hall ◽  
Joshua Kellner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Cell Yield ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Enzymatic Isolation ◽  
Regenerative Cells

ABSTRACTBackgroundFreshly isolated, uncultured autologous adipose derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) have emerged as a promising tool for regenerative cell therapy. The Transpose RT system (InGeneron, Inc., Houston, TX, USA) is a system for isolating ADRCs from adipose tissue, commercially available in Europe as a CE-marked medical device and under clinical evaluation in the United States. This system makes use of the proprietary, enzymatic Matrase Reagent for isolating cells. The present study addressed the question whether the use of Matrase Reagent influences cell yield, cell viability, live cell yield, biological characteristics, physiological functions or structural properties of the ADRCs in final cell suspension.MethodsIdentical samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue from 12 subjects undergoing elective lipoplasty were processed either with or without the use of Matrase Reagent. Then, characteristics of the ADRCs in the respective final cell suspensions were evaluated.ResultsCompared to non-enzymatic isolation, enzymatic isolation resulted in approximately twelve times higher mean cell yield (i.e., numbers of viable cells/ml lipoaspirate) and approximately 16 times more colony forming units. Despite these differences, cells isolated from lipoaspirate both with and without the use of Matrase Reagent were independently able to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers.DiscussionThe data of this study indicate that biological characteristics, physiological functions or structural properties relevant for the intended use were not altered or induced using Matrase Reagent. A comprehensive literature review demonstrated that isolation of ADRCs from lipoaspirate using the Transpose RT system and the Matrase Reagent results in the highest viable cell yield among all published data regarding isolation of ADRCs from lipoaspirate.

scholarly journals Isolation of adipose tissue derived regenerative cells from human subcutaneous tissue with or without the use of an enzymatic reagent

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0221457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn E. Winnier ◽  
Nick Valenzuela ◽  
Jennifer Peters-Hall ◽  
Joshua Kellner ◽  
Christopher Alt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Regenerative Cells

scholarly journals МІКРОСКОПІЧНІ ЗМІНИ В ЛЕГЕНЯХ І СЕРЦІ СОБАК, ЩО ЗАГИНУЛИ ЗА ДИРОФІЛЯРІОЗУ, СПРИЧИНЕНОГО DIROFILARIA IMMITIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
N.N. Omeljanenko ◽  
S.E. Garkusha ◽  
Kh.H. Maksymova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
North Caucasus

Dirofilariosis – invasive parasitic disease which can be fatal. Specific course of the disease is the lack of visible signs of the disease at an early stage and make the complexity of diagnosing the disease is especially dangerous, as pet owners may not be aware of what their favorite animal is ill. Until now, according to statistics, dirofilariosis diagnosed by chance during examination before surgery, or carrying out tests for reasons far from suspected dirofilariosis.Dirofilariosis registered in Africa, Asia and Southern Europe. In the United States established endemic areas where there have been outbreaks of helminthiasis annually. The cases were registered in the UK, Sweden, the Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Germany, Poland, Russia, Kazakhstan, the republics of the North Caucasus. Now dirofilariosis observed in Kiev, Odessa, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Chernihiv, Sumy, Poltava, Kharkiv and other areas. Today dirofilariosis carnivores and man registered on the territory of 37 states.Numerous published data indicate that most dirofilariosis in the countries of the former Soviet Union caused by two pathogen – Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens.D. repens parasite in the subcutaneous tissue. Another kind of – D. immitis – in the heart, the lungs, the pulmonary artery and other vessels carnivores. Sometimes these nematodes parasitize in unusual places (the brain, the bronchioles, the abdominal cavity, eyes).Dirofilariosis problem for Ukraine is very urgent, because, firstly, the disease among dogs acquires the character of enzootic, secondly, the increase in the number of different types of vectors of infection, in the third, increasing the area of distribution – from the tropics to temperate regions, in the fourth, the difficulties in diagnosis disease and, fifthly, there is lack of training and educational and propaganda work among the population.The aim of our research was to a deeper and more complete definition of the features of microscopic changes in dog heartworm.We used the results of histological examination of samples of pathological material taken from 6 different breeds of dogs that suffered from heartworm. Autopsy was performed by the method of partial evisceration. Microscopic studies were carried out according to conventional techniques.In carrying out investigations following changes were microscopically established: in the lungs – seen interstitial pneumonia, venous hyperemia, hemorrhage, and also discovered microfilariae in the lumen of blood vessels and interstitial tissue. In the myocardium – granular and fatty degeneration, necrosis and destruction of cardiomyocytes in blood vessels – single microfilariae. 

The role of iron homeostasis in adipocyte metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Ma ◽  
Li Jia ◽  
Qingqing Xiong ◽  
Yunfei Feng ◽  
Huahua Du
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
The One

Iron plays a vital role in the metabolism of adipose tissue. On the one hand, iron is essential for differentiation, endocrine, energy supply and other physiological functions of adipocyte. Iron...

scholarly journals The Use of External Controls in FDA Regulatory Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahta Jahanshahi ◽  
Keith Gregg ◽  
Gillian Davis ◽  
Adora Ndu ◽  
Veronica Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Control ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Published Data ◽  
History Data ◽  
Benefit Risk Assessment

AbstractThe regulatory standards of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) require substantial evidence of effectiveness from adequate and well-controlled trials that typically use a valid comparison to an internal concurrent control. However, when it is not feasible or ethical to use an internal control, particularly in rare disease populations, relying on external controls may be acceptable. To better understand the use of external controls to support product development and approval, we reviewed FDA regulatory approval decisions between 2000 and 2019 for drug and biologic products to identify pivotal studies that leveraged external controls, with a focus on select therapeutic areas. Forty-five approvals were identified where FDA accepted external control data in their benefit/risk assessment; they did so for many reasons including the rare nature of the disease, ethical concerns regarding use of a placebo or no-treatment arm, the seriousness of the condition, and the high unmet medical need. Retrospective natural history data, including retrospective reviews of patient records, was the most common source of external control (44%). Other types of external control were baseline control (33%); published data (11%); and data from a previous clinical study (11%). To gain further insights, a comprehensive evaluation of selected approvals utilizing different types of external control is provided to highlight the variety of approaches used by sponsors and the challenges encountered in supporting product development and FDA decision making; particularly, the value and use of retrospective natural history in the development of products for rare diseases. Education on the use of external controls based on FDA regulatory precedent will allow for continued use and broader application of innovative approaches to clinical trial design, while avoiding delays in product development for rare diseases. Learnings from this review also highlight the need to update regulatory guidance to acknowledge the utility of external controls, particularly retrospective natural history data.

Abstract WP426: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haralabos Zacharatos ◽  
Malik M Adil ◽  
Ameer E Hassan ◽  
Sarwat I Gilani ◽  
Adnan I Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: There is limited data regarding the unique attributes of ischemic stroke among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There is no published data regarding the occurrence and outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) among HIV infected persons. Methods: The largest all-payer Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS 2002-2010) data was used to identify and analyze all patients presenting with the primary diagnosis of SAH in the United States. Among this cohort, we identified the patients who were not HIV positive and those who were HIV positive. Patient demographics, medical co-morbidities, in-hospital complications, in-hospital procedures, and discharge disposition were compared between the two groups. The association between HIV infection and outcomes was evaluated in multivariate analysis after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Of the 351,491 patients admitted with SAH, 1367 (0.39%) were infected with HIV. HIV infected patients were younger, mean age [±SD] of 45 ±14.2 years versus those who were not 58±19 years, (p<0.0001). The rate of blood transfusion [27,286 (7.8%) versus 245.6 (18%), p=0.0003], mechanical ventilation [51,199 (14.6%) versus 316.1(23.1%), p=0.008], and sepsis [14,644 (4.2%) versus 236.1 (17.3%), p<0.0001] was significantly higher among HIV infected patients. After adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, coagulopathy, atrial fibrillation, renal failure, and dyslipidemia, HIV negative patients had a significantly higher rate of discharge to home (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6, p<0.0001) and lower in-patient mortality (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3-0.5, p<0.001). Further adjustment for blood transfusion and sepsis reduced the odds of discharge to home for the HIV negative patients, from 1.9 to 1.7 but did not affect in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: The in-hospital mortality in HIV infected patients with SAH is higher despite these patients being younger than non-HIV infected patients. We believe that this study provides a nationwide perspective which may have some important implications for early recognition and diagnosis of HIV-infection in SAH patients.

Optimal Genetic Screening for Cystic Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein El Hajj ◽  
Douglas R. Bish ◽  
Ebru K. Bish
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Public Health Initiative ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Screening

Improving Newborn Screening for Genetic Diseases Screening newborns for life-threatening genetic diseases is an important public health initiative. Cystic fibrosis is one of the most prevalent diseases in this context. As part of the cystic fibrosis screening process, all states in the United States use multiple tests, including genetic tests that detect a subset of the more than 300 genetic variants (specific mutations) that cause cystic fibrosis. In “Optimal Genetic Screening for Cystic Fibrosis,” El-Hajj, D.R. Bish, and E.K. Bish develop a decision support model to select which genetic variants to screen for, considering the trade-off between classification accuracy and testing cost, and the technological constraints that limit the number of variants selected. Because variant prevalence rates are highly uncertain, a robust optimization framework is developed. Further, two commonly used cystic fibrosis screening processes are analytically compared, and conditions under which each process dominates are established. A case study based on published data are provided.

scholarly journals The academic productivity and impact of the University of Toronto Neurosurgery Program as assessed by manuscripts published and their number of citations

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Lozano ◽  
Joseph Tam ◽  
Abhaya V. Kulkarni ◽  
Andres M. Lozano
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Academic Activity ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The University ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
The Impact

OBJECT Recent works have assessed academic output across neurosurgical programs using various analyses of accumulated citations as a proxy for academic activity and productivity. These assessments have emphasized North American neurosurgical training centers and have largely excluded centers outside the United States. Because of the long tradition and level of academic activity in neurosurgery at the University of Toronto, the authors sought to compare that program's publication and citation metrics with those of established programs in the US as documented in the literature. So as to not rely on historical achievements that may be of less relevance, they focused on recent works, that is, those published in the most recent complete 5-year period. METHODS The authors sought to make their data comparable to existing published data from other programs. To this end, they compiled a list of published papers by neurosurgical faculty at the University of Toronto for the period from 2009 through 2013 using the Scopus database. Individual author names were disambiguated; the total numbers of papers and citations were compiled on a yearly basis. They computed a number of indices, including the ih(5)-index (i.e., the number of citations the papers received over a 5-year period), the summed h-index of the current faculty over time, and a number of secondary measures, including the ig(5), ie(5), and i10(5)-indices. They also determined the impact of individual authors in driving the results using Gini coefficients. To address the issue of author ambiguity, which can be problematic in multicenter bibliometric analyses, they have provided a source dataset used to determine the ih(5) index for the Toronto program. RESULTS The University of Toronto Neurosurgery Program had approximately 29 full-time surgically active faculty per year (not including nonneurosurgical faculty) in the 5-year period from 2009 to 2013. These faculty published a total of 1217 papers in these 5 years. The total number of citations from these papers was 13,434. The ih(5)-index at the University of Toronto was 50. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of comparison with published bibliometric data of US programs, the University of Toronto ranks first in terms of number of publications, number of citations, and ih(5)-index among neurosurgical programs in North America and most likely in the world.

scholarly journals Adipokines: mechanisms of metabolic and behavioral disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yassine Chahirou ◽  
Abdelhalim Mesfioui ◽  
Ali Ouichou ◽  
Aboubaker Hessni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Endocrine Tissue ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Current studies show that metabolic and behavioral disorders represent severe health problems. Several questions arise about the molecular relationship of metabolic and behavioral disorders. This review will discuss the relationship of lipid metabolism and fructose consumption accompanied by an increase in weight as well as associated disorders: hypertension, insulin-resistance, oxidative stress and depression. Adipose tissue is considered as an endocrine tissue with intense secretory activities (metabolic and inflammatory). These adipokines are responsible for an alteration of several physiological functions. In this review we will try to understand how lipogenesis that causes dyslipidemia can influence insulin resistance, hypertension, oxidative stress, depression and the relationship between these various disorders.

scholarly journals The Oleaginous Conglomerate- Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Thoracic Region ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Simple Obesity ◽  
Upper Thoracic ◽  
Adipose Tissue Cells

Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is an exceptional disorder of adipose tissue metabolism and lipid storage. The condition was initially scripted by Sir Benjamin Brodie in 1846 and is additionally designated as Made lung’s disease, Launois-Bensaude syndrome or benign symmetric lipomatosis (1). Characteristically, multiple symmetric lipomatosis displays multiple foci of accumulated, non-encapsulated, mature adipose tissue with predominant infiltration within subcutaneous tissue of cephalic, cervical and upper thoracic region. Multiple, non-encapsulated, symmetrically distributed lipomas which spare distal extremities are enunciated in multiple symmetric lipomatosis (1,2). The condition can be misinterpreted as simple obesity on account of identical clinical features and symptoms. Therefore, antecedent evaluation of pertinent manifestations and differentiation of dual entities is necessitated. The disease is presumed to be a condition diverse from accumulation of brown adipose tissue. Histological structure of constituent adipose tissue cells is dystrophic with characteristics akin to lipoma and liposarcoma. The condition may be associated with significant morbidity, metabolic disturbances, neuropathy, malignant metamorphosis and sudden death (1,2).

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