scholarly journals Effects of FLOWERING LOCUS T on FD during the transition to flowering at the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Collani ◽  
Manuela Neumann ◽  
Levi Yant ◽  
Markus Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Flowering Locus ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
Transition To Flowering

ABSTRACTThe transition to flowering is a crucial step in the plant life cycle that is controlled by multiple endogenous and environmental cues, including hormones, sugars, temperature, and photoperiod. Permissive photoperiod induces FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the phloem companion cells of leaves. The FT protein then acts as a florigen that is transported to the shoot apical meristem (SAM) where it physically interacts with the bZIP transcription factor FD and 14-3-3 proteins. However, despite the importance of FD for promoting flowering, its direct transcriptional targets are largely unknown. Here we combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq to identify targets of FD at the genome-wide scale and assess the contribution of FT to binding DNA. We further investigated the ability of FD to form protein complexes with FT and TFL1 through the interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Importantly, we observe direct binding of FD to targets involved in several aspects of the plant development not directly related to the regulation of flowering time. Our results confirm FD as central regulator of the floral transition at the shoot meristem and provides evidence for crosstalk between the regulation of flowering and other signaling pathways.Material DistributionThe author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.cell.com/molecular-plant/authors): Markus Schmid ([email protected]).Contact InformationUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Dept. of Plant Physiology Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, SWEDEN

scholarly journals Hypomethylated poplars show higher tolerance to water deficit and highlight a dual role for DNA methylation in shoot meristem: regulation of stress response and genome integrity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Sow ◽  
A-L. Le Gac ◽  
R. Fichot ◽  
S. Lanciano ◽  
A. Delaunay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Genome Integrity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Altered Expression

AbstractAs fixed and long living organisms subjected to repeated environmental stresses, trees have developed mechanisms such as phenotypic plasticity that help them to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. Here, we tested the role DNA methylation as a hub of integration, linking plasticity and physiological response to water deficit in the shoot apical meristem of the model tree poplar (Populus). Using a reverse genetic approach, we compared hypomethylated RNAi-ddm1 lines to wild-type trees for drought tolerance. An integrative analysis was realized with phytohormone balance, methylomes, transcriptomes and mobilomes.Hypomethylated lines were more tolerant when subjected to moderate water deficit and were intrinsically more tolerant to drought-induced cavitation. The alteration of the DDM1 machinery induced variation in DNA methylation in a cytosine context dependent manner, both in genes and transposable elements. Hypomethylated lines subjected to water deficit showed altered expression of genes involved in phytohormone pathways, such as salicylic acid and modified hormonal balance. Several transposable elements showed stress- and/or line-specific patterns of reactivation, and we could detect copy number variations for two of them in stressed ddm1 lines.Overall, our data highlight two major roles for DNA methylation in the shoot apical meristem: control of stress response and plasticity through transduction of hormone signaling and maintenance of genome integrity through the control of transposable elements.

scholarly journals GRUSP, an Universal Stress Protein, Is Involved in Gibberellin-dependent Induction of Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 499 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
D. S. Gorshkova ◽  
I. A. Getman ◽  
L. I. Sergeeva ◽  
Vl. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
E. S. Pojidaeva
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Universal Stress Protein ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Floral Repressor ◽  
Flowering Locus ◽  
Transition To Flowering

Abstract The effect of T-DNA insertion in the 3'-UTR region of Arabidopsis thaliana At3g58450 gene encoding the Germination-Related Universal Stress Protein (GRUSP) was studied. It was found that under a long-day condition this mutation delays transition to flowering of grusp-115 transgenic line that due to a reduced content of endogenous bioactive gibberellins GA1 and GA3 in comparison to the wild-type plants (Col-0). Exogenous GA accelerated flowering of both lines but did not change the time of difference in the onset of flowering between Col-0 and grusp-115. In addition to changes in GA metabolism, grusp-115 evidently has disturbances in realization of the signal that induces flowering. This is confirmed by the results of gene expression of the floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which are key flowering regulators and acting opposite. We hypothesize that the formation of grusp-115 phenotype can also be affected by a low expression level of FT due to up-regulated FLC expression.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE 1 modulates flowering in a florigen-independent manner by regulating SVP

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. dev193870
Author(s):  
Hendry Susila ◽  
Zeeshan Nasim ◽  
Katarzyna Gawarecka ◽  
Ji-Yul Jung ◽  
Suhyun Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Artificial Microrna ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Twin Sister ◽  
Short Vegetative Phase

ABSTRACTPHOSPHORYLETHANOLAMINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE 1 (PECT1) regulates phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis and controls the phosphatidylethanolamine:phosphatidylcholine ratio in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous studies have suggested that PECT1 regulates flowering time by modulating the interaction between phosphatidylcholine and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a florigen, in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Here, we show that knockdown of PECT1 by artificial microRNA in the SAM (pFD::amiR-PECT1) accelerated flowering under inductive and even non-inductive conditions, in which FT transcription is almost absent, and in ft-10 twin sister of ft-1 double mutants under both conditions. Transcriptome analyses suggested that PECT1 affects flowering by regulating SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and GIBBERELLIN 20 OXIDASE 2 (GA20ox2). SVP misexpression in the SAM suppressed the early flowering of pFD::amiR-PECT1 plants. pFD::amiR-PECT1 plants showed increased gibberellin (GA) levels in the SAM, concomitant with the reduction of REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 levels. Consistent with this, GA treatment had little effect on flowering time of pFD::amiR-PECT1 plants and the GA antagonist paclobutrazol strongly affected flowering in these plants. Together, these results suggest that PECT1 also regulates flowering time through a florigen-independent pathway, modulating SVP expression and thus regulating GA production.

scholarly journals The 2b protein of cucumber mosaic virus is essential for viral infection of the shoot apical meristem and for efficient invasion of leaf primordia in infected tobacco plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 3015-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Sunpapao ◽  
Takashi Nakai ◽  
Fang Dong ◽  
Tomofumi Mochizuki ◽  
Satoshi T. Ohki
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
2B Protein ◽  
Infected Tobacco

It has been reported previously that a 2b protein-defective mutant of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Pepo strain (Δ2b) induces only mild symptoms in systemically infected tobacco plants. To clarify further the role of the 2b protein as an RNA silencing suppressor in mosaic symptom expression during CMV infection, this study monitored the sequential distribution of Δ2b in the shoot meristem and leaf primordia (LP) of inoculated tobacco. Time-course histochemical observations revealed that Δ2b was distributed in the shoot meristem at 7 days post-inoculation (p.i.), but could not invade shoot apical meristem (SAM) and quickly disappeared from the shoot meristem, whereas wild-type (Pepo) transiently appeared in SAM from 4 to 10 days p.i. In LP, Δ2b signals were detected only at 14 and 21 days p.i., whereas dense Pepo signals were observed in LP from 4 to 18 days p.i. Northern blot analysis showed that small interfering RNA (siRNA) derived from Δ2b RNA accumulated earlier in the shoot meristem and LP than that of Pepo. However, a similar amount of siRNA was detected in both Pepo- and Δ2b-infected plants at late time points. Tissue printing analysis of the inoculated leaves indicated that the areas infected by Pepo increased faster than those infected by Δ2b, whereas accumulation of Δ2b in protoplasts was similar to that of Pepo. These findings suggest that the 2b protein of the CMV Pepo strain determines virulence by facilitating the distribution of CMV in the shoot meristem and LP via prevention of RNA silencing and/or acceleration of cell-to-cell movement.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of a soybean FT homologue, GmFT7

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senhao Zhang ◽  
Mohan B. Singh ◽  
Prem L. Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Floral Transition ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Deep Sequencing Data ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Environmental Light

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) is a vital oilseed legume crop that provides protein and oil for humans and feedstock for animals. Flowering is a prerequisite for seed production. Floral transition, from vegetative to reproductive stage, in a plant, is regulated by environmental (light, temperature) and endogenous factors. In Arabidopsis, Flowering Locus T (FT) protein is shown to be a mobile signal that moves from leaf to shoot apical meristem to induce flowering. However, FTs role in soybean is not fully resolved due to the presence of multiple (ten) homologs in the genome. Two of the ten FT homologs (GmFT2a and GmFT5a) have a role in the floral transition while GmFT1a and GmFT4 suppress soybean flowering. Recent deep sequencing data revealed that six FT homologs are expressed in shoot apical meristem and leaves during floral transition. One FT homolog, GmFT7 showed strong expression during soybean floral transition. Though bioinformatic analyses revealed that GmFT7 had high similarity with GmFT2a, ectopic GmFT7 expression in Arabidopsis could not promote flowering or rescue the late-flowering phenotype of Arabidopsis ft-10 mutant.

Formation of the shoot apical meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana: an analysis of development in the wild type and in the shoot meristemless mutant

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Barton ◽  
R. S. Poethig
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Shoot Meristemless

The primary shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis is initiated late in embryogenesis, after the initiation of the cotyledons. We have identified a gene, called SHOOT MERISTEMLESS, which is critical for this process. shoot meristemless mutant seedlings lack a shoot apical meristem but are otherwise healthy and viable. The anatomy of mutant embryos demonstrates that the shoot meristemless-1 mutation completely blocks the initiation of the shoot apical meristem, but has no other obvious effects on embryo development. The failure of shoot meristemless tissue to regenerate shoots in tissue culture suggests that this gene regulates adventitious shoot meristem formation, as well as embryonic shoot meristem formation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document