scholarly journals Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is intrinsically required for post-transcriptional regulation of Drosophila Germline Stem Cell (GSC) maintenance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assunta Maria Casale ◽  
Ugo Cappucci ◽  
Laura Fanti ◽  
Lucia Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Heterochromatin Protein 1 ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Heterochromatin Formation ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractA very important open question in stem cells regulation is how the fine balance between GSCs self-renewal and differentiation is orchestrated at the molecular level. In the past several years much progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying intrinsic and extrinsic controls of GSC regulation but the complex gene regulatory networks that regulate stem cell behavior are only partially understood. HP1 is a dynamic epigenetic determinant mainly involved in heterochromatin formation, epigenetic gene silencing and telomere maintenance. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed the importance of HP1 in DNA repair, sister chromatid cohesion and, surprisingly, in positive regulation of gene expression. Here, we show that HP1 plays a crucial role in the control of GSC homeostasis in Drosophila. Our findings demonstrate that HP1 is required intrinsically to promote GSC self-renewal and progeny differentiation by directly stabilizing the transcripts of key genes involved in GSCs maintenance.

scholarly journals Unravelling HP1 functions: post-transcriptional regulation of stem cell fate

Chromosoma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assunta Maria Casale ◽  
Ugo Cappucci ◽  
Lucia Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Chromosomal Protein ◽  
Heterochromatin Protein 1 ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractHeterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a non-histone chromosomal protein first identified in Drosophila as a major component of constitutive heterochromatin, required for stable epigenetic gene silencing in many species including humans. Over the years, several studies have highlighted additional roles of HP1 in different cellular processes including telomere maintenance, DNA replication and repair, chromosome segregation and, surprisingly, positive regulation of gene expression. In this review, we briefly summarize past research and recent results supporting the unexpected and emerging role of HP1 in activating gene expression. In particular, we discuss the role of HP1 in post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA processing because it has proved decisive in the control of germline stem cells homeostasis in Drosophila and has certainly added a new dimension to our understanding on HP1 targeting and functions in epigenetic regulation of stem cell behaviour.

scholarly journals Translational control in germline stem cell development

2014 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija Slaidina ◽  
Ruth Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Fate Decision

Stem cells give rise to tissues and organs during development and maintain their integrity during adulthood. They have the potential to self-renew or differentiate at each division. To ensure proper organ growth and homeostasis, self-renewal versus differentiation decisions need to be tightly controlled. Systematic genetic studies in Drosophila melanogaster are revealing extensive regulatory networks that control the switch between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in the germline. These networks, which are based primarily on mutual translational repression, act via interlocked feedback loops to provide robustness to this important fate decision.

scholarly journals Ecdysone signaling promotes expression of multifunctional RNA binding proteins essential for ovarian germline stem cell self-renewal in Drosophila

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle S. Finger ◽  
Vivian V. Holt ◽  
Elizabeth T. Ables
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Bmp Receptors ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Ecdysone Signaling

ABSTRACTSteroid hormones promote stem cell self-renewal in many tissues; however, the molecular mechanisms by which hormone signaling is integrated with niche-derived signals are largely uncharacterized. In the Drosophila ovary, the steroid hormone ecdysone promotes germline stem cell (GSC) self-renewal. Despite strong evidence that ecdysone modulates the reception of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals in GSCs, transcriptional targets of ecdysone signaling that facilitate BMP reception are unknown. Here, we report that ecdysone signaling promotes the expression of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) squid, hephaestus, Hrb27C, and Hrb87F in GSCs. These hnRNPs functionally interact with ecdysone signaling to control GSC number and are cell autonomously required in GSCs for their maintenance. We demonstrate that hnRNPs promote GSC self-renewal by binding to transcripts essential for proper BMP signaling, including the BMP receptors thickveins and punt. Our findings support the model that stem cells coordinate local and long-range signals at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to maintain self-renewal in response to physiological demand.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTEcdysone signaling regulates distinct hnRNPs that bind to BMP signaling targets to control GSC self-renewal.SUMMARY STATEMENTEcdysone signaling promotes expression of heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins that modulate BMP-dependent germline stem cell self-renewal in the Drosophila ovary.

Molecular Mechanisms of Germline Stem Cell Regulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco D. Wong ◽  
Zhigang Jin ◽  
Ting Xie
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Regulation ◽  
Stem Cell Regulation

scholarly journals Wnt5a Signaling in Normal and Cancer Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Thomas J. Kipps ◽  
Suping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Canonical Wnt

Wnt5a is involved in activating several noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways, which can inhibit or activate canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a receptor context-dependent manner. Wnt5a signaling is critical for regulating normal developmental processes, including stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion, and polarity. Moreover, the aberrant activation or inhibition of Wnt5a signaling is emerging as an important event in cancer progression, exerting both oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects. Recent studies show the involvement of Wnt5a signaling in regulating normal and cancer stem cell self-renewal, cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms and roles of Wnt5a signaling in stem cells in embryogenesis and in the normal or neoplastic breast or ovary, highlighting that Wnt5a may have different effects on target cells depending on the surface receptors expressed by the target cell.

scholarly journals Histone H1-mediated epigenetic regulation controls germline stem cell self-renewal by modulating H4K16 acetylation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Hui-Min Wei ◽  
Jiang Xu ◽  
Jian-Feng Chang ◽  
Zhihao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Histone H1 ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
H4k16 Acetylation

scholarly journals Loss-of-Function Screen Reveals Novel Regulators Required for Drosophila Germline Stem Cell Self-Renewal

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalan Xing ◽  
Irina Kurtz ◽  
Manisha Thuparani ◽  
Jillian Legard ◽  
Hannele Ruohola-Baker
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Self Renewal
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