scholarly journals Cytoneme-mediated signaling essential for tumorigenesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Fereres ◽  
Ryo Hatori ◽  
Makiko Hatori ◽  
Thomas B. Kornberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Paracrine Signaling

ABSTRACTCommunication between neoplastic cells and cells of their microenvironment is critical to cancer progression. To investigate the role of cytoneme-mediated signaling as a mechanism for distributing growth factor signaling proteins between tumor and tumor-associated cells, we analyzed EGFR and RET Drosophila tumor models. We tested several genetic loss-of-function conditions that impair cytoneme-mediated signaling. diaphanous, Neuroglian, SCAR, capricious are genes that cytonemes require during normal development. Genetic inhibition of cytonemes restored apical basal polarity to tumor cells, reduced tumor growth, and increased organism survival. These findings suggest that cytonemes traffic the signaling proteins that move between tumor and stromal cells, and that cytoneme-mediated signaling is required for tumor growth and malignancy.SummaryEssential cytonemes for paracrine signaling in Drosophila tumors

scholarly journals Role of Heparan Sulfate 2-O-Sulfotransferase in Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Growth Factor Signaling

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent W. Ferguson ◽  
Sumana Datta
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

Heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for maximal growth factor signaling in prostate cancer progression. The degree of sulfate modification on the covalently attached heparan sulfate (HS) chains is one of the determining factors of growth factor-HSPG interactions. Sulfate groups are transferred to HS chains via a series of O-sulfotransferases. In the present study, we demonstrate that Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase (2OST) is essential for maximal proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells in the LNCaP-C4-2B model. We also show that a decrease in invasion due to 2OST siRNA is associated with an increase in actin and E-cadherin accumulation at the cell surface. 2OST expression correlates with increasing metastatic potential in this model. We demonstrate that 2OST expression is upregulated by the stress-inducible transcription factors HIF1α, ATF2, and NFκB. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis suggests that HIF1αand ATF2 act directly on the 2OST promoter, while NFκB acts indirectly.

Early myotome specification regulates PDGFA expression and axial skeleton development

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (23) ◽  
pp. 5059-5070 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Tallquist ◽  
K.E. Weismann ◽  
M. Hellstrom ◽  
P. Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Pdgf Signaling ◽  
Ligand Expression

Reciprocal defects in signaling between the myotome and the sclerotome compartments of the somites in PDGFRalpha and Myf5 mutant embryos lead to alterations in the formation of the vertebrae and the ribs. To investigate the significance of these observations, we have examined the role of PDGF signaling in the developing somite. PDGFA ligand expression was not detected in the myotome of Myf5 null mutant embryos and PDGFA promoter activity was regulated by Myf5 in vitro. PDGFA stimulated chondrogenesis in somite micromass cultures as well as in embryos when PDGFA was knocked into the Myf5 locus, resulting in increased vertebral and rib development. PDGFA expression in the myotome was fully restored in embryos in which MyoD has been introduced at the Myf5 locus but to a lesser extent in similar myogenin knock-in embryos. These results underscore the importance of growth factor signaling within the developing somite and suggest an important role for myogenic determination factors in orchestrating normal development of the axial skeleton.

scholarly journals Role of the Adjacent Stroma Cells in Prostate Cancer Development and Progression: Synergy between TGF-βand IGF Signaling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Lee ◽  
Zhenyu Jia ◽  
Farah Rahmatpanah ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Zi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Igf Signaling

This review postulates the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I/IGF-II) signaling in stromal cells during prostate carcinogenesis and progression. It is known that stromal cells have a reciprocal relationship to the adjacent epithelial cells in the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of the prostate. An interaction between TGF-βand IGF signaling occupies a central part in this stromal-epithelial interaction. An increase in TGF-βand IGF signaling will set off the imbalance of this relationship and will lead to cancer development. A continuous input from TGF-βand IGF in the tumor microenvironment will result in cancer progression. Understanding of these events can help prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression by Growth Factor-Induced Cell Signaling

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3327
Author(s):  
Zhixiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Phase Cell ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
M Phase

The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell, which drives it to divide and produce two new daughter cells. The typical cell cycle in eukaryotes is composed of the following phases: G1, S, G2, and M phase. Cell cycle progression is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and their regulatory cyclin subunits. However, the driving force of cell cycle progression is growth factor-initiated signaling pathways that control the activity of various Cdk–cyclin complexes. While the mechanism underlying the role of growth factor signaling in G1 phase of cell cycle progression has been largely revealed due to early extensive research, little is known regarding the function and mechanism of growth factor signaling in regulating other phases of the cell cycle, including S, G2, and M phase. In this review, we briefly discuss the process of cell cycle progression through various phases, and we focus on the role of signaling pathways activated by growth factors and their receptor (mostly receptor tyrosine kinases) in regulating cell cycle progression through various phases.

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