scholarly journals Effect of light intensity and nutritional value of food resources on flight response of adult parasitoid, Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapinder ◽  
Tarkeshwar ◽  
Ashok Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Feeding Condition ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Cotesia Plutellae ◽  
Flight Response ◽  
Flight Chamber ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

AbstractCotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is the major larval parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (L) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), which is a serious pest of cruciferous plants throughout the world. We evaluated the influence of light intensities and feeding conditions on the vertical angle of flight in freshly emerged wasps in a cylinder having diameter 15cm and height 30cm. Light intensity was found to directly affects the flight activity. Increase in light intensity causes increase in vertical flight of the female wasps. However, Increase in light intensity did not influence the inclination of vertical flight in males. Feeding condition was also found to affect the vertical flight of the wasps. Honey odour, from below the flight chamber, arrested the flight of unfed or sucrose fed wasps. However, flight of honey fed wasps was not affected by honey odour. Male flight response was also influenced by feeding condition and light intensity but the response was not as higher as shown by females. The present study is useful for selecting suitable food prior to inundative release of parasitoid in the field at suitable time period of the day.

scholarly journals Influences of Shading and Fall Fertilization on Fluorescence, Freeze Resistance, Flower Production and Growth of Rhododendron ×kurume ‘Pink Pearl’

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Frank P. Henning ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Freeze Resistance ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Main Plot

We investigated the influences of fall fertilization and light intensity on photosynthesis and freeze resistance of Rhododendron ×kurume ‘Pink Pearl’, an evergreen azalea cultivar, grown outdoors in containers under nursery conditions. The study included two main-plot fall fertilization treatments: 1) 0.5 liter solution containing 75 mg·liter−1 N applied for 60 days from August 1 through September 29 and 2) 0.5 liter solution containing 125 mg·liter−1 N applied for 120 days from August 1 through November 28, and four subplot light intensity treatments 1) 100% ambient photon flux density (PPFD) from May 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, 2) shade fabric rated to reduce PPFD by 50% from May 1 through September 30, 2004, followed by 100% PPFD from October 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, 3) 100% PPFD from May 1 through September 30, 2004, followed by 50% PPFD from October 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, and 4) 50% PPFD from May 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005. Fertilizer application and shade treatments did not interact in their effects on stem freeze resistance or the timing of anthesis. The high rate of extended fertigation (125 mg·liter−1 N applied August 1 through September 28) reduced freeze resistance of azalea stems and advanced anthesis by 4.9 days compared to plants that received moderate fertigation (75 mg·liter−1 N from August 1 through September 29). The high rate of extended fall fertigation failed to increase leaf or stem dry weight compared to plants that received the moderate rate of fertigation. Plants grown in 50% PPFD from May 1 through September 30 produced 163% more above ground dry weight compared to plants grown in 100% light during the same time period. The addition or removal of shade cloth beginning October 1 failed to enhance azalea stem freeze resistance compared to plants that were only exposed to 100 or 50% PPFD respectively. Shade treatments affected the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv · Fm−1) of leaves, but leaf fluorescence was unrelated to stem freeze resistance. Shade treatments affected azalea growth and photosynthetic stress, but shade neither interacted with fall fertilization to increase stem freeze resistance, nor had a biologically significant effect on stem freeze resistance.

Pontia glauconome Klug, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Pierinae) in south-eastern Turkey: confirmation of breeding populations, with notes on the biology of early stages and on a species of the larval parasitoid Hyposoter Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Eddie John ◽  
Onat Başbay ◽  
Erdem Seven ◽  
Nihat Kaymaz
Keyword(s):  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Eastern Turkey ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
First Time

We report on the apparently successful overwintering in Batman and Siirt Provinces, Turkey of Pontia glauconome, a pierid recorded in south-eastern Turkey for the first time in autumn 2016. Details of recent field observations of P. glauconome are provided and we discuss and illustrate early stages found on Reseda aucheri, a possible new host-plant. The route by which P. glauconomemay have entered the country along the Tigris River from Syria is proposed. Larvae were found to have been attacked by a hymenopteran parasitoid species of the genus Hyposoter; the 'mummified' larval skin and the adult parasitoid are illustrated.

Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Phenology with its Host Crop and Parasitoids in Virginia

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Kuhar ◽  
Roger R. Youngman ◽  
Curtis A. Laub
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Shenandoah Valley ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
Microctonus Aethiopoides

Alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), phenology is influenced by winter climate. In 1997 we initiated a 2-yr study of alfalfa weevil phenology with respect to its host crop and parasitoids in three geographically distinct locations of Virginia: the central Piedmont, Shenandoah Valley, and southwestern region. Alfalfa weevil populations from nine fields were sampled regularly from November until first harvest in each season. Eggs laid in December and January resulted in alfalfa weevil larval infestations in March and April at all locations. Because of warmer winter temperatures, eggs developed faster in the Piedmont compared with the higher elevations, and resulted in larval populations attacking alfalfa earlier in the season, when the crop was at an earlier growth stage. The adult parasitoid, Microctonus aethiopoides Loan, was synchronized poorly with alfalfa weevil populations in Virginia. At all locations studied, adult emergence of first generation M. aethiopoides occurred in April and early May, when few overwintering alfalfa weevil adults were present in fields. Emergence of the second generation of the parasitoid occurred in late May to June after many of the fields had been harvested. The larval parasitoid, Bathyplectes anurus (Thomson), was well synchronized with its host in Virginia. The activity period of the parasitoid overlapped the peak occurrence of alfalfa weevil larvae at all locations.

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of primisulfuron and nicosulfuron in broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla) and corn

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Gallaher ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Otto Schwartz ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Light Level ◽  
High Light ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Environmental Treatment ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Brachiaria Platyphylla

Broadleaf signalgrass is sensitive to nicosulfuron and resistant to primisulfuron, but corn is resistant to both. Research was conducted to determine the effect of varying light level and air temperature on absorption, translocation, and metabolism of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron in broadleaf signalgrass and corn. Corn absorbed between 60 and 85% of the applied nicosulfuron and primisulfuron within 72 h after treatment (HAT), depending on environmental treatment. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism all tended to be more rapid at higher temperature and light intensity. Nicosulfuron and primisulfuron translocation out of the treated leaf was < 4.5% of herbicide absorbed through 72 HAT. Corn rapidly metabolized both herbicides in both environments. However, primisulfuron was metabolized more rapidly (high = 99%, low = 92%) than nicosulfuron (high = 95%, low = 78%). Broadleaf signalgrass absorbed 20% more nicosulfuron than primisulfuron through 72 HAT. Nicosulfuron translocation out of the treated leaf in broadleaf signalgrass was ≤ 15% absorbed through 72 HAT, while primisulfuron translocation was ≤ 4% during the same time period. Primisulfuron metabolism was more rapid than nicosulfuron in broadleaf signalgrass. During the first 4 HAT, broadleaf signalgrass metabolized > 20 times more primisulfuron than nicosulfuron. By 72 HAT, broadleaf signalgrass under conditions of high light and temperature had metabolized nearly 90% of the primisulfuron absorbed but ≤ 7% of the nicosulfuron absorbed was metabolized during the same time. These results suggest that differential activity of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron on broadleaf signalgrass may be based on differential rates of metabolism to nonphytotoxic compounds; uptake and translocation differences agree with the differential broadleaf signalgrass activity. Additionally, environment has the potential to affect rates of sulfonylurea absorption, translocation, and metabolism.

scholarly journals Documentation of the Major Insect Pest of Cabbage and Their Associated Natural Enemies in Bihar, North-eastern India

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Md. Monobrullah ◽  
Deepak Ranjan Kishor ◽  
Ritesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Cotesia Plutellae ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Average Rain

The present investigation was conducted at farm of ICAR-Research Centre for Eastern Region (ICAR-RCER), Patna, Bihar during 2020-21.Geographically, ICAR-RCER, Patna is located at 25o35`30`` N latitude, 85o05`03`` E longitude, at an altitude 52m above mean sea level. The climate of the region is warm and temperate which is characterized by extremes of the temperature both during summer and winter. During summer, temperature may rise as high as 390C and in winter it may fall as low as 2-30C.The total annual average rain fall is 1130mm. This region provides a safe long growing season for most of the crops. Diamond back moth was found to be the most serious insect pest of cabbage. The infestation appeared during first week of January (SMW1) at vegetative stage and remained present up to the harvesting of the crop i.e. 11th SMW. Among the natural enemies, two species of coccinellids (Coccinella septempunctata, C. transversalis), one larval parasitoid (Cotesia plutellae) and one Syrphid fly (Toxomerus geminatus) and one unidentified spider was observed during crop period.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI ANCAR DALAM UPAYA BIOREMIDIASI PERAIRAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Iwan Doddy Dharmawibawa ◽  
Hunaepi Hunaepi ◽  
Herdiyana Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Time Period

The purpose of this research is to know the characteristic 'water quality' river ancar Mataram city based on biological, chemical, and physics as bioremidiasi waters. The type of this research is descriptive explorative and research method used is survey, laboratory analysis, and case study, ie method of all aspects must be observed fully, while the data analysis is only valid for certain place and time period. The results showed that, overall observation and identification of 6 research sampling stations, 21 species were identified with four microlagae classes: Bacillariophyceae, Cyanopyceae, Chlorophyceae and Crysophyceae. Bacillariophyceae class is the class that has the most types, then Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Chrisophyceae. Factors supporting the growth of bologic components such as pH, temperature, light intensity, salinity with the range of each 7.2-8.3; 25-27 ° C; 1011-1800 lux; 3-3.2%, nutrients (N and P), according to the microalgae living conditions which are the most primitive plant organisms that are small in size, live in all waters, both rivers and seawater.

Changes in light intensity and soil temperature as a result of forest decline on Camels Hump, Vermont

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Perkins ◽  
H. W. Vogelmann ◽  
R. M. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Time Period

Light intensity, measured by the anthracene–benzene technique, significantly increased in the montane boreal forest of Camels Hump mountain, Vermont, since the mid- 1960's. The region of increased light corresponds to those elevations where red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) has declined significantly over the same time period. Soil temperature measured at 15 cm has increased and there is higher week-to-week variability than in the 1960's, especially where canopy decline is most severe.

Dynamics of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in cabbage under intercropping, biological control and Bt-based sprays

1969 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Ángel L. González-Rodríguez ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cotesia Plutellae ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Companion Crop

A field study (1998-99) was conducted at the Juana Díaz Substation (AESUPR) to determine the population dynamics of Plutella xylostella (L.) in cabbage in a monoculture and in relay-type substitutive dicultures of cabbage/tomato or cabbage/wedelia. In 1998, subplots were created by spraying half of the main plots with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based products. All treatments, except for the control monoculture, were sprayed with Bt-based products in 1999. Cotesia plutellae Kurjumov, a larval parasitoid of P. xylostella, was released augmentatively for biological control. Tomato, as a companion crop, showed a tendency for reducing P. xylostella densities in cabbage, reduced the levels of C. plutellae parasitism and competed with cabbage, causing fewer and smaller heads. Bt-based sprays reduced P. xylostella densities, but these were at damaging levels at the critical stages of cupping and head formation, thus permitting cosmetic damage to cabbage heads. Cotesia plutellae did not regulate the P. xylostella population, thus resulting in parasitism levels of 65.3 and 11.6% in the unsprayed monoculture in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The legume Crotalaria juncea L. as a border did not improve parasitism by C. plutellae. The interpretation and application of the results are discussed. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document