scholarly journals An application of higher order multivariate cumulants in modelling of myoelectrical activity of porcine uterus during early pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Domino ◽  
Krzysztof Domino ◽  
Zdzislaw Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Emg Signal

ABSTRACTThe analysis of the uterine contraction have become a general practice in an effort to improve the clinical management of uterine contractions during pregnancy and labour in human beings. The fluctuations in uterine activity may occur without affecting progress of gestation, however the painful and fashion contractions may be the first threat of miscarriage. While pigs were considered as an referential preclinical model, the computational modelling of spontaneous myoelectrical activity of complex systems of porcine myometrium in peri-fertilization period has been proposed. The higher order statistic, multivariate cumulants and Joint Skewness Band Selection method, have been applied to study the dependence structure of electromyographic (EMG) signal with an effective EMG feature. Than the model of recognition of multivariate, myoelectricaly changes according to crucial stages for successful fertilization and early pregnancy maintenance has been estimated. We found that considering together time and frequency features of EMG signal was extremely non-Gaussian distributed and the higher order multivariate statistics such as cumulants, have to be used to determine the pattern of myoelectrical activity in reproductive tract. We confirmed the expectance that the probabilistic model changes on a daily base. We demonstrated the changes in proposed model at the crucial time points of in peri-fertilization period. We speculate the activity of the middle of uterine horn and the power (minimum and maximum) and pauses between myoelectrical burst features are essential for the functional role of uterine contractility in peri-fertilization period.

scholarly journals Alteration in uterine contractility in mares with experimentally induced placentitis

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A McGlothlin ◽  
G D Lester ◽  
P J Hansen ◽  
M Thomas ◽  
L Pablo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Index ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Spike Burst ◽  
Streptococcus Equi ◽  
Large Spike ◽  
Small Spike ◽  
Experimentally Induced

An experimental model of ascending placentitis was developed in the mare to characterize the uterine myoelectrical pattern in late gestation and determine how ascending placentitis altered this pattern. In experiment 1, myometrial electrical activity was analyzed during the early morning, late morning and evening hours in four mares in the last 15 days of gestation to identify patterns of activity. In experiment 2, nine mares received intra-cervical inoculations ofStreptococcus equisubspecieszooepidemicus. Myoelectrical activity in the early morning and evening hours in these mares was compared with four control mares. In experiment 1, the number of spike burst clusters >30 s was greater in the evening than in the late morning hours (P< 0.04). Spike burst activity (number × duration) of mares in experiment 1 was similar during day and night recordings until the last 6 days of gestation when it gradually increased each evening until parturition (P< 0.05). In experiment 2, control mares experienced a gradual increase in the number of small spike burst clusters in the last 6 days (P= 0.008) and an increase in large and small spike burst clusters in the evening hours in the last 4 days of gestation (P= 0.03). Mares with experimentally induced placentitis never exhibited a rise in spike burst clusters but had an increase in the mean duration and activity index of large spike burst clusters in the 4 days before parturition (P< 0.04). In conclusion, control mares had a progressive, reversible rise in myoelectrical activity at night in the week preceding parturition. This was not observed in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. They exhibited an increase in the intensity and duration of large spike burst clusters possibly in response to local inflammation.

308. FOLLISTATIN SPLICE VARIANTS FST288 AND FST315 INCREASE DURING EARLY MOUSE PREGNANCY: REGULATION BY PROGESTERONE?

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
R. G. Craythorn ◽  
W. R. Winnall ◽  
M. P. Hedger ◽  
P. A. W. Rogers ◽  
D. M. De Kretser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Mouse Uterus ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone

Follistatin acts by binding and neutralising the activity of activin-A, which has important regulatory roles in development, reproduction and inflammation. There are two isoforms of follistatin comprising 288 and 315 amino acids (FST288 and FST315), resulting from alternative gene splicing. FST288 binds spontaneously to heparan sulphate and is largely bound to cell surface proteoglycans. FST315 is the predominant circulating form and can only bind to heparan sulphate after binding activin-A. The regulation of these splice variants in the female reproductive tract have not been investigated in detail. In this study, our aim was to quantify the expression of FST288 and FST315 mRNA in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy (days 1–4, pre-implantation), and in response to exogenous oestradiol-17b (100 ng × single s.c. injection, dissection after 24 h) and progesterone (1 mg × three daily s.c. injections, dissection 24 h after last injection) in ovariectomised mice. Gene expression was analysed using quantitative RT-PCR. Primers amplifying a product from exon 5 to 6a (unique to FST288) or from exon 5 to 6b (unique to FST315) were used to discriminate the isoforms. In early pregnancy, expression of both FST288 and FST315 increased significantly (approximately 35-fold and 100-fold, respectively) on days 3–5, relative to days 1–2, corresponding with the increase in circulating progesterone levels that occurs at day 3. A significant increase in FST288 and FST315 mRNA expression (both approximately 35-fold) was also observed in ovariectomised mice in response to exogenous progesterone, but there was no increase in response to oestradiol-17β. In contrast to the similar rate of increase in response to exogenous progesterone, FST315 mRNA expression increased more rapidly than FS288 in early pregnancy, indicating that differential regulation of the two isoforms also occurs. We conclude that progesterone regulates both FST288 and FST315 mRNA expression during early pregnancy in the mouse uterus.

scholarly journals Metaphysics, 9.8, 1050a30—b4: The Identity of Soul and Energeia

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
David Alan Shikiar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Way

I argue that 1050a30—b3 contains an argument in which a series of analogies treating the ‘in’ relation are deployed to constrain how the relation between life and the soul is to be construed, such that, given other reasonable premises, it follows that the soul is identical with the activity life.  The interpretation of the ‘in’ relation turns crucially upon the distinction between a subject and a site for an activity, which opens the way for understanding the relation designated as not being that of inherence, which would imply some form of ontological distinction.  After establishing the conclusion concerning identity, I explain how the soul may be understood as possessing a modally graded internal structure, each higher-order modality corresponding to a higher level of completion, thinking being the highest grade in human beings.  I then show how the identity of soul and living activities affirmed at b2—3 implies the substantial priority of energeia to potentiality affirmed at b3—4.

scholarly journals Analysis of EMG Signals in Aggressive and Normal Activities by Using Higher-Order Spectra

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necmettin Sezgin
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Phase Coupling ◽  
Classification Result ◽  
Learning Machines ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Quadratic Phase ◽  
Higher Order Spectra

The analysis and classification of electromyography (EMG) signals are very important in order to detect some symptoms of diseases, prosthetic arm/leg control, and so on. In this study, an EMG signal was analyzed using bispectrum, which belongs to a family of higher-order spectra. An EMG signal is the electrical potential difference of muscle cells. The EMG signals used in the present study are aggressive or normal actions. The EMG dataset was obtained from the machine learning repository. First, the aggressive and normal EMG activities were analyzed using bispectrum and the quadratic phase coupling of each EMG episode was determined. Next, the features of the analyzed EMG signals were fed into learning machines to separate the aggressive and normal actions. The best classification result was 99.75%, which is sufficient to significantly classify the aggressive and normal actions.

scholarly journals Activity of Enzymes of Glycogen Metabolism in the Reproductive Tract of the Ewe at Mating and during Early Pregnancy

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
T O'Shea ◽  
BE Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

The glycogen concentration and the activity of several enzymes of glycogen metabolism have been measured in the mucosal tissues of the oviduct, cervix and vagina, as well as in the endometrium and caruncIes of ewes at days 0, 8, 15, 22, 30 and 44 of pregnancy. Enzyme activities were also determined in uterine and cervical rinsings.

109 EXPRESSION OF GENES RELATED TO ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY IN EQUINE ENDOMETRIUM DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE AND EARLY PREGNANCY

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hitit ◽  
A. Guzeloglu ◽  
C. Ozel ◽  
M. O. Atli ◽  
E. Kurar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Relative Mrna Expression ◽  
One Way Anova

A set of genes that display differential expression levels in the reproductive tract could serve as beneficial markers of endometrial receptivity. SERPINA14 is present in the uterus during pregnancy and suppresses lymphocyte accumulation. Osteopontin is the ligand of integrin β3 and enables trophoblast communication during implantation. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is involved in inflammatory cell signalling and contributes to implantation by regulating immune cells. The objective was to assess the expression of SERPINA14, osteopontin, and LIF mRNAs in the equine endometrium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. Biopsies were obtained from mares on day of ovulation (d 0, n = 4), late diestrus (LD, n = 4, high progesterone [P4]), and after luteolysis at the beginning of oestrus phase (AL, n = 4, <1 ng mL–1 P4) of the cycle. Biopsies were also taken on days 14 (P14, n = 4), 18 (P18, n = 4), and 22 (P22; n = 4) of pregnancy. Relative mRNA expression levels of genes were quantified using real-time quantitative RT-qPCR in duplicate. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, and l.s.d. test was applied. Both the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy increased SERPINA14 mRNA levels compared to d0. Expression of LIF mRNA was not significantly regulated except for a decline at AL. Expression of osteopontin mRNA was up-regulated during the oestrous cycle at LD while early pregnancy inhibited this up-regulation. The results suggest that the genes studied related to endometrial receptivity are strictly regulated accordingly to the stage of oestrous cycle, probably by circulating ovarian steroids, specifically progesterone, and pregnancy-associated factors are also involved in this regulation. This project was partially funded by TUBITAK 107O035 to AG and DUBAP 14VF12 to MOA. MH was supported by OYP 2013-090.

INTERRUPTION OF EARLY PREGNANCY IN THE RABBIT BY A SINGLE INJECTION OF OESTRADIOL CYCLOPENTYLPROPIONATE

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. GREENWALD
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Egg Transport ◽  
Embryonic Death

SUMMARY Female rabbits were injected i.m. with various doses of oestradiol cyclopentylpropionate (OECP) immediately after coitus. The percentage of embryonic deaths 8 days post coitum after a single injection of 25, 50, 100 or 250 μg. of OECP was, respectively, 86, 97, 100 and 100%. However, the cornua of rabbits receiving as much as 100 μg. of OECP had normal 3 to 4 + progestational proliferation 8 days after mating. The high embryonic mortality resulted from disturbances in the rate of egg transport through the oviduct. Thus, with 25 μg. OECP most of the ova were expelled from the reproductive tract 48 hours post coitum, whereas with 250 μg ova were retained at the ampullary-isthmic junction of the tube for at least 5 days. Under these circumstances, small viable blastocysts developed in 4 days, but 24 hr. later all eggs were degenerating. These experiments suggest that embryonic death indirectly results from administration of OECP and that the hormone only briefly disrupts postovulatory development of the reproductive tract.

scholarly journals Leukotrienes modulate secretion of progesterone and prostaglandins during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in cattle: an in vivo study

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J Korzekwa ◽  
Mamadou M Bah ◽  
Andrzej Kurzynowski ◽  
Karolina Lukasik ◽  
Agnieszka Groblewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Ovarian Cell

Recently, we showed that leukotrienes (LTs) regulate ovarian cell functionin vitro. The aim of this study was to examine the role of LTs in corpus luteum (CL) function during both the estrous cycle and early pregnancyin vivo. mRNA expression of LT receptors (BLTfor LTB4andCYSLTfor LTC4), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in CL tissue and their localization in the ovary were studied during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Moreover, concentrations of LTs (LTB4and C4) in the CL tissue and blood were measured.5-LOandBLTmRNA expression increased on days 16–18 of the cycle, whereasCYSLTmRNA expression increased on days 16–18 of the pregnancy. The level of LTB4was evaluated during pregnancy compared with the level of LTC4, which increased during CL regression. LT antagonists influenced the duration of the estrous cycle: the LTC4antagonist (azelastine) prolonged the luteal phase, whereas the LTB4antagonist (dapsone) caused earlier luteolysisin vivo. Dapsone decreased progesterone (P4) secretion and azelastine increased P4secretion during the estrous cycle. In summary, LT action in the bovine reproductive tract is dependent on LT type: LTB4is luteotropic during the estrous cycle and supports early pregnancy, whereas LTC4is luteolytic, regarded as undesirable in early pregnancy. LTs are produced/secreted in the CL tissue, influence prostaglandin function, and serve as important factors during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in cattle.

scholarly journals Lysophosphatic acid modulates prostaglandin secretion in the bovine uterus

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Woclawek-Potocka ◽  
Junichi Komiyama ◽  
Jean Sebastian Saulnier-Blache ◽  
Edyta Brzezicka ◽  
Mamadou Moussa Bah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lpa Receptor

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) modulates prostaglandin (PG) synthesis via LPA receptor 3 (LPAR3) in the murine endometrium. The lack of functional LPAR3 in mice may lead to embryo mortality. In the present study, we examined the role of LPA in the bovine uterus. We confirmed that LPA is locally produced and released from the bovine endometrium. Moreover, there are enzymes involved in LPA synthesis (phospholipase(PL)D2and PLA2G1B) in the bovine endometrium during estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Expression of the receptor for LPA (LPAR1) was positively correlated with the expression ofPGE2synthase(PGES) and negatively correlated with the expression ofPGF2αsynthase(aldose reductase with 20 α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity –PGFS) during early pregnancy.In vivoLPA induced P4 and PGE2secretion was inhibited by LPAR1 antagonist (Ki16425). The overall results indicate that LPA is locally produced and released from the bovine endometrium. Moreover,LPAR1gene expression in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy indicates that LPA may play autocrine and/or paracrine roles in the bovine uterus.LPAR1gene expression is positively correlated with the expression of the enzyme responsible for luteotropic PGE2production (PGES) in endometrium. In cow, LPA stimulates P4 and PGE2secretion. Thus, LPA in the bovine reproductive tract may indirectly (via endometrium) or directly support corpus luteum action via the increase of P4 synthesis and the increase of PGE2/PGF2αratio. It suggests that LPA may serve as an important factor in the maintenance of early pregnancy in cow.

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