scholarly journals Predicted asymmetrical effects of warming on nocturnal and diurnal ectotherms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall S. McMunn
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Active Species ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Ant Community ◽  
Fluctuating Environments ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

AbstractMany ectotherms restrict activity to times and places with favorable temperatures. This widespread pattern of habitat use in fluctuating environments may alter predictions of how climate change will affect ectotherms. By considering time elapsed within a range of suitable temperatures as a resource, I demonstrate that warming is expected to affect thermally restricted nocturnal and diurnal activity windows asymmetrically. Under warming scenarios, thermally restricted nocturnal activity windows lengthen while diurnal activity windows contract. This divergent prediction results from the shape of the function relating time to temperature within a day, which is typically concave during the day and convex during the night. This characteristic shape is nearly universal across terrestrial environments due to the changing angle of the sun throughout each day and exponential decay of overnight temperatures. These predicted asymmetries are exacerbated by expectations of diurnally asymmetric warming (more warming during the night compared to the day). Using example data from a montane ant community, I demonstrate that, as predicted, moderate simulated warming expands activity time available to cool active species and reduces activity time available to warm active species. Together these results suggest that the time of day during which an ectotherms optimal temperature occurs can be an important factor in determining response to warming.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Based Behavioral Modification

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 1134-1138
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Behavioral Modification ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology

To build up a particular profile about a person, the study of examining the comportment is known as Behavior analysis. Initially the Behavior analysis is used in psychology and for suggesting and developing different types the application content for user then it developed in information technology. To make the applications for user's personal needs it becoming a new trends with the use of artificial intelligence (AI). in many applications like innovation to do everything from anticipating buy practices to altering a home's indoor regulator to the inhabitant's optimal temperature for a specific time of day use machine learning and artificial intelligence technology. The technique that is use to advance the rule proficiency that rely upon the past experience is known as machine learning. By utilizing the insights hypothesis it makes the numerical model, and its real work is to infer from the models gave. To take the information clearly from the data the methodology utilizes computational techniques.

THE PHOTO-ELECTRIC MEASUREMENT AND PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING OF DAYLIGHT

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Photographic Recording ◽  
Remarkable Increase ◽  
Photographic Record ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Electric Measurement ◽  
Direct Illumination ◽  
Indirect Illumination

A method is described by which illumination intensities were measured by a photo-electric cell and galvanometer, and a continuous photographic record obtained of the variations of intensity over a period of time during which the ground was covered with snow.It was found that a remarkable increase in the illumination was caused by the presence of cloudiness with full sunshine. The percentage increase due to this condition in many cases was 20–30%, and on one occasion it was as high as 40%.When there was a cloud over the sun, with most of the sky clear, the decrease in illumination was found to vary up to 35%, depending on the density of the cloud, and on many occasions it was observed that the increase in indirect illumination due to overhead cloudiness more than balanced the decrease of direct illumination when the sun was partly hidden. From this it is concluded that the intensity may be greater with the sun partly hidden than at the same time of day with a clear sky.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in the incidence of auroral radio absorption events at very high latitude, and the influence of the magnetotail

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
The Sun ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Very High

Abstract. A statistical analysis has been made of the incidence of auroral radio absorption events at South Pole, and of its dependence on basic geophysical parameters such as season, time of day, and magnetic activity level. It is found that at low and moderate levels of activity the incidence of events in the winter season is at least twice that in the summer. However, at high activity no events at all occurred during the local summer night, which appears to be explicable as the effect of the magnetotail and the consequent distortion of the magnetosphere when the southern polar region is tilted strongly towards the Sun. Previous results from even higher latitudes show the effect in an even more exaggerated form, in that both the day and night periods of absorption activity exhibit strong seasonal variations.

CHANGES IN MOSQUITO FLIGHT ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL CHANGES IN POLARIZED LIGHT

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Oviposition Sites

AbstractDiurnal activity of Aedes and Culex spp. was observed near Banff, Alta., and Hope, B.C., when naturally polarized light was present, reduced, or absent in relatively open habitats. Resting mosquitoes attacked as soon as they were approached closely, whether or not polarized light was present. In contrast, mosquitoes made long, roving flights only when there was polarized light overhead. Roving flight stopped whenever zenith polarization was disrupted by passing clouds or by the unpolarized glare surrounding the sun. As overhead polarization is most intense near sunrise and sunset, it could be employed then by mosquitoes travelling to and from feeding or oviposition sites.

Daytime and nighttime activity at a breeding colony of Great Blue Herons in a nontidal environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond McNeil ◽  
Rejean Benoît ◽  
Jean-Luc Desgranges
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Cycle ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Daily Rhythm ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Ardea Herodias ◽  
Foraging Time

It is generally admitted that in coastal areas, herons of the genus Ardea adjust their foraging time according to the tidal cycle. However, to what extent do tides control the herons' daily rhythm of activity? To answer this question, we present the day and night activity patterns of Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) arriving to feed their young at a heronry located in a nontidal environment in southern Quebec. Herons were about half as active at night as during the day. Therefore, although significantly less than diurnal activity, nocturnal activity was not negligible, and consequently the tide cycle is not the only factor controlling the daily rhythm of the herons' activity. Those breeding pairs that were most active during the day were no more or less active at night. Diurnal activity was more closely correlated with the number of young that fledged than was nocturnal activity. Thus, night activity was not necessarily important for the survival of young herons, but it could be explained by other factors such as the greater availability of certain prey at night.

scholarly journals 913: When the sun goes down - effect of time of day on perinatal adverse outcome following vacuum assisted vaginal deliveries

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. S521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Salman ◽  
Eran Hadar ◽  
Amir Aviram ◽  
Arnon Wiznitzer ◽  
Rony Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries

scholarly journals Diurnal activity time budget of Père David's deer in Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
杨道德 YANG Daode ◽  
李竹云 LI Zhuyun ◽  
李鹏飞 LI Pengfei ◽  
蒋志刚 JIANG Zhigang
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Père David’S Deer

scholarly journals Survey methodology for the detection of Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta)

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Flanagan ◽  
Vanessa Roy-McDougall ◽  
Graham Forbes ◽  
Glen Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Canadian Forces ◽  
Glyptemys Insculpta ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Wood Turtles ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Wood Turtle

Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) are difficult to survey because their use of aquatic and terrestrial environments varies spatio-temporally. Existing survey methodology is highly variable and typically involves searching for Wood Turtles within water and on land 0 to >20 m from the shoreline from spring to autumn. The mobility of Wood Turtles suggests that detection is likely influenced by distance surveyed from water and the amount of vegetation, which varies by season. To determine an ideal survey methodology for the Wood Turtle, we recorded distances from a waterway of 31 radio-tagged turtles at Canadian Forces Base, Gagetown, New Brunswick, in 2003 and 2004. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the probability of finding male or female Wood Turtles with increasing distance from water at different times of day or season. Sex and time of day were not significant factors in detecting Wood Turtles. Season was a significant factor, with highest probability (69%) of finding Wood Turtles at a distance of 0–10 m of a waterway up to July 1 (corresponding to pre-nesting and nesting periods), compared to probabilities of <10% for any 10-m distance between 10 m and 50 m from a waterway. After July 1, the highest detection probability (50%) was at distances greater than 50 m from a waterway. We recommend that Wood Turtle surveys for environmental impact assessments and population monitoring be conducted on warm days (i.e., 10–25°C) within 10 m of waterways up to July 1.

Activity rhythm in High Arctic Svalbard ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2031-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik Reierth ◽  
Karl-Arne Stokkan
Keyword(s):  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Oscillator Model ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Lagopus Mutus ◽  
Activity Onset

Feeding activity was recorded in captive Svalbard ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus) under natural photoperiodic conditions at 70°N and 79°N. At 79°N, activity was intermittent and non-circadian in summer, when the sun was permanently above the horizon, and in midwinter, when the sun was permanently lower than 6° below the horizon. The intermittent feeding pattern was evident in summer at 70°N, whereas feeding activity in winter appeared to be entrained. In spring and autumn all birds were diurnal, with morning and evening bouts of feeding activity. The phase relationship between the onset or end of activity and the photoperiod showed marked changes, especially at 79°N, but in general, activity onset was more precise relative to twilight than activity end. At 79°N there was a sigmoidal relationship between activity time and photoperiod and activity time was longer in autumn than in spring at equal photoperiods. Based on our results, the activity pattern of Svalbard ptarmigan may be described in terms of a two-oscillator model, although a one-oscillator model cannot be excluded. The possibility is discussed that rhythmic feeding or food availability may act as a zeitgeber in addition to the light-dark cycle.

scholarly journals Tree Preference and Temporal Activity Patterns for a Native Ant Community in an Urbanized California Woodland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan J. MacArthur-Waltz ◽  
Rebecca A. Nelson ◽  
Gail Lee ◽  
Deborah M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Quercus Agrifolia ◽  
Temporal Partitioning ◽  
Ant Community ◽  
Urban Woodland ◽  
Ant Diversity

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbances, including land use change and exotic species, can alter the diversity and dynamics of ant communities. To examine foraging behavior in an urbanized habitat in northern California, we surveyed the presence of 9 ant species on 876 trees across 4 seasons during both day and night in a 9.5-hectare urbanized oak-exotic woodland. Ants were more likely to be observed on native, evergreen trees, suggesting that native evergreen species may help maintain ant diversity. Species showed clear patterns of temporal partitioning of foraging activity. Ant species varied in their use of native evergreen Quercus agrifolia trees across season and day/night axes. Of the 3 ant species most frequently observed, Camponotus semitestaceus was most active during spring and summer nights, Formica moki was most active during spring and summer days, and Prenolepis imparis was most active during both day and night during fall and winter. Liometopum occidentale was the second most active species during summer day and night, and winter day. Our findings demonstrate that an oak-exotic urban woodland in Northern California was able to maintain a native ant community, and strong temporal partitioning within that community.

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