scholarly journals Plasmid transfer is biased towards close kin in bacteria from natural populations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Dimitriu ◽  
Lauren Marchant ◽  
Angus Buckling ◽  
Ben Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Restriction Modification System ◽  
Term Pair ◽  
Functional Restriction

AbstractPlasmids play a key role in microbial ecology and evolution, yet the determinants of plasmid transfer rates are poorly understood. Here we investigate the importance of genetic similarity between naturally co-occurringEscherichia coliisolates in the transfer of two plasmids (narrow-host-range R1 and broad-host-range RP4). We uncovered extensive variability, spanning over five orders of magnitude, in the ability of isolates to donate and receive plasmids. Overall, transfer was strongly biased towards clone-mates, but not correlated to genetic distance between donors and recipients. Transfer was limited by the presence of a functional restriction-modification system in recipients, thus bias towards kin might be explained by sharing of identical restriction systems. Such conjugation within lineages sets the stage for longer-term pair-wise coevolutionary interactions between plasmids and bacterial hosts.

scholarly journals Bacteria from natural populations transfer plasmids mostly towards their kin

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1905) ◽  
pp. 20191110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Dimitriu ◽  
Lauren Marchant ◽  
Angus Buckling ◽  
Ben Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Restriction Modification System ◽  
Restriction Modification ◽  
Natural Communities ◽  
Functional Restriction

Plasmids play a key role in microbial ecology and evolution, yet the determinants of plasmid transfer rates are poorly understood. Particularly, interactions between donor hosts and potential recipients are understudied. Here, we investigate the importance of genetic similarity between naturally co-occurring Escherichia coli isolates in plasmid transfer. We uncover extensive variability, spanning over five orders of magnitude, in the ability of isolates to donate and receive two different plasmids, R1 and RP4. Overall, transfer is strongly biased towards clone-mates, but not correlated to genetic distance when donors and recipients are not clone-mates. Transfer is limited by the presence of a functional restriction-modification system in recipients, suggesting sharing of strain-specific defence systems contributes to bias towards kin. Such restriction of transfer to kin sets the stage for longer-term coevolutionary interactions leading to mutualism between plasmids and bacterial hosts in natural communities.

scholarly journals Emergence and Dissemination of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Producing CTX-M-1-Like Enzymes in Spain Are Associated with IncFII (CTX-M-15) and Broad-Host-Range (CTX-M-1, -3, and -32) Plasmids

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 796-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Novais ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
Raquel Moreira ◽  
Luísa Peixe ◽  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Narrow Host Range

ABSTRACT The spread of CTX-M-1-like enzymes in Spain is associated with particular plasmids of broad-host-range IncN (bla CTX-M-32, bla CTX-M-1), IncL/M (bla CTX-M-1), and IncA/C2 (bla CTX-M-3) or narrow-host-range IncFII (bla CTX-M-15). The identical genetic surroundings of bla CTX-M-32 and bla CTX-M-1 and their locations on related 40-kb IncN plasmids indicate the in vivo evolution of this element.

scholarly journals Pathological Characterization and Molecular Analysis of Elsinoe Isolates Causing Scab Diseases of Citrus in Jeju Island in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-W. Hyun ◽  
L. W. Timmer ◽  
S.-C. Lee ◽  
S.-H. Yun ◽  
S.-W. Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Differential Hosts ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Two scab diseases are recognized currently on citrus: (i) citrus scab caused by Elsinoe fawcettii, which has several pathotypes; and (ii) sweet orange scab caused by E. australis. Pathogenicity and cultural characteristics among 36 isolates collected from Jeju Island were investigated. Of 30 isolates from satsuma mandarin, yuzu, and kinkoji, all were E. fawcettii; 27 were similar to the Florida broad host range pathotype and 3 were similar to the Florida narrow host range pathotype by inoculation of differential hosts. Six isolates from natsudaidai were nonpathogenic to satsuma mandarin, rough lemon, sour orange, grapefruit, cleopatra mandarin, and natsudaidai leaves, and were only pathogenic to natsudaidai fruit. Isolates from natsudaidai usually produced unique tomentose colonies on potato dextrose agar compared with isolates from other citrus species. The colonies were relatively fast growing, radially sulcate, larger, and more expansive than the gummy, mucoid colonies of other isolates. Isolates from Florida, Australia, Argentina, and Jeju Island (Korea) were genetically differentiated using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. E. fawcettii from Korea, Florida, and Australia, E. australis from Argentina, and natsudaidai isolates clustered closely within groups, but were clearly distinguishable among groups.

scholarly journals Genome organization of thePseudomonas aeruginosanarrow host range plasmid R91–5 determined by deletion and cloning analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore ◽  
V. Krishnapillai
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Fertility Inhibition

SummaryBy physical and genetic analysis of deletion mutants of the narrow host range IncP-10P. aeruginosaconjugative plasmid R91–5 it has been shown that the phenotypes related to its transfer, namely the inhibition of the replication of the phage G101, entry exclusion and the fertility inhibition of the wide host range plasmid R18 map at kilobase coordinates 19·7–20·7, 18·5–19·7, 28·8–30·15 and/or 34·9–36·15, respectively. These locations have been confirmed by cloning restriction enzyme generated DNA fragments of R91–5 into a small broad host range, multicopy non-conjugative plasmid.

scholarly journals Isolation of Polyvalent Bacteriophages by Sequential Multiple-Host Approaches

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 808-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingfeng Yu ◽  
Jacques Mathieu ◽  
Mengyan Li ◽  
Zhaoyi Dai ◽  
Pedro J. J. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACTMany studies on phage biology are based on isolation methods that may inadvertently select for narrow-host-range phages. Consequently, broad-host-range phages, whose ecological significance is largely unexplored, are consistently overlooked. To enhance research on such polyvalent phages, we developed two sequential multihost isolation methods and tested both culture-dependent and culture-independent phage libraries for broad infectivity. Lytic phages isolated from activated sludge were capable of interspecies or even interorder infectivity without a significant reduction in the efficiency of plating (0.45 to 1.15). Two polyvalent phages (PX1 of thePodoviridaefamily and PEf1 of theSiphoviridaefamily) were characterized in terms of adsorption rate (3.54 × 10−10to 8.53 × 10−10ml/min), latent time (40 to 55 min), and burst size (45 to 99 PFU/cell), using different hosts. These phages were enriched with a nonpathogenic host (Pseudomonas putidaF1 orEscherichia coliK-12) and subsequently used to infect model problematic bacteria. By using a multiplicity of infection of 10 in bacterial challenge tests, >60% lethality was observed forPseudomonas aeruginosarelative to uninfected controls. The corresponding lethality forPseudomonas syringaewas ∼50%. Overall, this work suggests that polyvalent phages may be readily isolated from the environment by using different sequential hosts, and this approach should facilitate the study of their ecological significance as well as enable novel applications.

scholarly journals Construction of arsB and tetH Mutants of the Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterium Acidithiobacillus caldus by Marker Exchange

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (18) ◽  
pp. 5686-5694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo J. van Zyl ◽  
Jolanda M. van Munster ◽  
Douglas E. Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Conjugation System ◽  
Hybridization Probe ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Caldus ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizer ◽  
Acidophilic Bacterium

ABSTRACT Acidithiobacillus caldus is a moderately thermophilic, acidophilic bacterium that has been reported to be the dominant sulfur oxidizer in stirred-tank processes used to treat gold-bearing arsenopyrite ores. It is also widely distributed in heap reactors used for the extraction of metals from ores. Not only are these bacteria commercially important, they have an interesting physiology, the study of which has been restricted by the nonavailability of defined mutants. A recently reported conjugation system based on the broad-host-range IncW plasmids pSa and R388 was used to transfer mobilizable narrow-host-range suicide plasmid vectors containing inactivated and partially deleted chromosomal genes from Escherichia coli to A. caldus. Through the dual use of a selectable kanamycin resistance gene and a hybridization probe made from a deleted portion of the target chromosomal gene, single- and double-recombinant mutants of A. caldus were isolated. The functionality of the gene inactivation system was shown by the construction of A. caldus arsB and tetH mutants, and the effects of these mutations on cell growth in the presence of arsenic and by means of tetrathionate oxidation were demonstrated.

scholarly journals Transcriptional organization of the Tra2 region controlling conjugational transfer of the narrow host rangePseudomonas aeruginosaplasmid R91–5

1985 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore ◽  
V. Krishnapillai
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Conjugational Transfer ◽  
The Third ◽  
Full Expression ◽  
Insertion Mutants

SummaryThe transcriptional organization of the Tra2 region controlling conjugation by the narrow host range plasmid R91–5 ofPseudomonas aeruginosahas been determined. This region of 15·2 kilobase pairs of DNA encodes ten cistrons and specifies the synthesis and functionality of sex pili. The order of the cistrons was previously shown to betraW, (S, Z),U, (V, R),Q, T, Y, X(those within parentheses could not be ordered with respect to each other). The organization was determined by complementation tests for the restoration of plasmid transfer between transposon Tn7or Tn501induced insertion mutants and point mutants representative of the ten cistrons. Polarity mutations induced by Tn7permitted the identification of three operons. CistronstraW, Z, S, U, V, RandQformed a large operon with transcription postulated to be in that order. The second consisted oftra Tandtra Yalso in that order and the third consisted of only one cistron,traX. Polarity was not observed with Tn501insertions as they still permitted full expression of cistrons distal to the site of insertion with respect to the proposed promoter. Despite the unexpected behaviour of this transposon it nevertheless led to the identification of two previously unidentified cistrons,traOandtraPbeing betweentraZandSandtraRandV, respectively.

scholarly journals Silage Collected from Dairy Farms Harbors an Abundance of Listeriaphages with Considerable Host Range and Genome Size Diversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (24) ◽  
pp. 8666-8675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitiya Vongkamjan ◽  
Andrea Moreno Switt ◽  
Henk C. den Bakker ◽  
Esther D. Fortes ◽  
Martin Wiedmann
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Size Diversity ◽  
Range Characterization

ABSTRACTSince the food-borne pathogenListeria monocytogenesis common in dairy farm environments, it is likely that phages infecting this bacterium (“listeriaphages”) are abundant on dairy farms. To better understand the ecology and diversity of listeriaphages on dairy farms and to develop a diverse phage collection for further studies, silage samples collected on two dairy farms were screened forL. monocytogenesand listeriaphages. While only 4.5% of silage samples tested positive forL. monocytogenes, 47.8% of samples were positive for listeriaphages, containing up to >1.5 × 104PFU/g. Host range characterization of the 114 phage isolates obtained, with a reference set of 13L. monocytogenesstrains representing the nine major serotypes and four lineages, revealed considerable host range diversity; phage isolates were classified into nine lysis groups. While one serotype 3c strain was not lysed by any phage isolates, serotype 4 strains were highly susceptible to phages and were lysed by 63.2 to 88.6% of phages tested. Overall, 12.3% of phage isolates showed a narrow host range (lysing 1 to 5 strains), while 28.9% of phages represented broad host range (lysing ≥11 strains). Genome sizes of the phage isolates were estimated to range from approximately 26 to 140 kb. The extensive host range and genomic diversity of phages observed here suggest an important role of phages in the ecology ofL. monocytogeneson dairy farms. In addition, the phage collection developed here has the potential to facilitate further development of phage-based biocontrol strategies (e.g., in silage) and other phage-based tools.

Host specificity and vegetative compatibility of Dutch isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim J. Blok ◽  
Gerrit J. Bollen
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Narrow Host Range

The host range of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi (Foa) was studied in inoculation experiments with 21 plant species. Typical root rot symptoms were incited only in asparagus, in all experiments; lupin and pea were susceptible under in vitro conditions but showed only mild symptoms occasionally when tested in soil; none of the other species showed external disease symptoms. Root colonization by Foa was studied for 14 plant species. The pathogen was detected in externally disinfested roots of all species except leek and onion, with asparagus the most extensively colonized species. Asparagus was not susceptible to isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. pisi, lupini, cepae, lilii, and gladioli and Fusarium sacchari var. elongatum. Naturally infested field soil was planted twice for 11 – 13 weeks with 11 plant species, including asparagus and several symptomless hosts, and subsequently with asparagus as a biotest plant. Of these crops, only asparagus greatly increased the severity of Foa root rot. It was concluded that Foa has a narrow host range as a pathogen but a broad host range as a parasite. The consequences of the latter for the epidemiology of Foa are discussed. Twenty-four Foa isolates were assigned to 18 different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs); three additional F. oxysporum isolates, which were not pathogenic on asparagus, each belonged to a unique VCG. These findings indicate that the Dutch Foa population is very diverse genetically, as was found previously for the Foa population in the United States. Key words: asparagus, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi, host range, lupin, pea, symptomless hosts, vegetative compatibility.

RP4 plasmid transfer among species of pseudomonas in a biofilm reactor

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Ehlers ◽  
Edward J. Bouwer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Conjugation, the most prevalent mechanism of horizontal gene transfer, has been extensively studied for its role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and catabolic genes among bacteria. Very little research on conjugation has been conducted in natural biofilm systems, although over 99% of bacteria in nature are attached to surfaces. Previous studies suggest that rates of conjugation on surfaces elevated compared to rates in liquid media. The goal of this research was to observe conjugation between bacteria growing in a biofilm reactor. Conjugation of the broad host range plasmid RP4 between two species of Pseudomonas occurred in the biofilm reactor at high frequencies. The most important environmental para-meter was the shear stress at the biofilm-liquid interface. Conjugation was only observed below a shear of 0.0851 N/m2, corresponding to a laminar flow regime. Increasing temperature from 15°C to 28°C increased conjugation frequencies 10,000-fold. Conjugation frequency was unchanged in experiments conducted with 3.5, 7, and 35 mg/l acetate, though total cell concentration in the biofilm increased as expected. These data suggest ways to manipulate environmental parameters to affect plasmid transfer rates among biofilm bacteria.

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