scholarly journals Blood flow-mediated gene transfer and siRNA-knockdown in the developing vasculature in a spatio-temporally controlled manner in chicken embryos

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Takase ◽  
Yoshiko Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Dorsal Aorta ◽  
List Type ◽  
Peripheral Vasculature ◽  
Endogenous Gene ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
The Right

AbstractWe describe a method by which early developing vasculature can be gene-manipulated independently of the heart in a spatio-temporally controlled manner. Lipofectamine 2000 or 3000, an easy-to-use lipid reagent, has been found to yield a high efficiency of transfection when co-injected withGFPDNA within a critical range of lipid concentration. By exploiting developmentally changing patterns of vasculature and blood flow, we have succeed in controlling the site of transfection: injection with a lipid-DNA cocktail into the heart before or after the blood circulation starts results in a limited and widely spread patterns of transfection, respectively. Furthermore, a cocktail injection into the right dorsal aorta leads to transgenesis of the right half of embryonic vasculature. In addition, this method combined with the siRNA technique has allowed, for the first time, to knockdown the endogenous expression ofVE-cadherin(also calledCdh5), which has been implicated in assembly of nasant blood vessels: whenCah5siRNA is injected into the right dorsal aorta, pronounced defects in the right half of vasculature are observed without heart defects. Whereas infusion-mediated gene transfection method has previously been reported using lipid reagents that were elaborately prepared on their own, Lipofectamine is an easy-use reagent with no requirement of special expertise. The methods reported here would overcome shortcomings of conventional vascular-transgenic animals, such as mice and zebrafish, in which pan-endothelial enhancer-driven transgenesis often leads to the heart malformation, which, in turn, indirectly affects peripheral vasculature due to flow defects. Since a variety of subtypes in vasculature have increasingly been appreciated, the spatio-temporally controllable gene manipulation described in this study offers a powerful tool.Research HighlightsBlood flow-mediated transfection enables site-specific transgenesis in vessels.This transfection technique allows local knockdown of endogenous gene(s) by siRNA.Knockdown of endogenousVE-cadherincauses vascular defects without heart failure.

Two-scale haemodynamic modelling for patients with Fontan circulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
Tatiana K. Dobroserdova ◽  
Yuri V. Vassilevski ◽  
Sergey S. Simakov ◽  
Timur M. Gamilov ◽  
Andrey A. Svobodov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Fontan Operation ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Fontan Circulation ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Right

Abstract Palliation of congenital single ventricle heart defects suggests multi-stage surgical interventions that divert blood flow from the inferior and superior vena cava directly to the right and left pulmonary arteries, skipping the right ventricle. Such system with cavopulmonary anastomoses and single left ventricle is called Fontan circulation, and the region of reconnection is called the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Computational blood flow models allow clinicians to predict the results of the Fontan operation, to choose an optimal configuration of TCPC and thus to reduce negative postoperative consequences. We propose a two-scale (1D3D) haemodynamic model of systemic circulation for a patient who has underwent Fontan surgical operation. We use CT and 4D flow MRI data to personalize the model. The model is tuned to patient’s data and is able to represent measured time-averaged flow rates at the inlets and outlets of TCPC, as well as pressure in TCPC for the patient in horizontal position.We demonstrate that changing to quiescent standing position leads to other patterns of blood flow in regional (TCPC) and global haemodynamics. This confirms clinical data on exercise intolerance of Fontan patients.

Ultrasound features of peripheral angiodistonic syndrome of the upper extremities in vibration disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 815-817
Author(s):  
Nadezhda I. Kuprina ◽  
Ekaterina V. Ulanovskaya ◽  
Olga A. Kochetova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Ulnar Artery ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Vibration Disease

Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) is an example of the most common pathology due to the systematic exposure of the worker to intense vibration with sufficient work experience, the main manifestation of which is peripheral angiodystonic syndrome. The aim of study was to learn the features of peripheral blood flow in the arteries of the forearm in vibration disease using the ultrasound method. Materials and methods. The radial and ulnar arteries in patients with vibration disease were examined by ultrasound in B- and PW-mode. These materials present the results of an ultrasound assessment of the speed indicators of the main arteries of the forearm in vibration disease stages 1 and 2. The selection criteria for patients in the study ware the presence of pronounced clinical manifestations of angiodystonic syndrome in vibration disease, confirmed by instrumental research methods and data on the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions, the absence of cardiovascular chronic diseases (ischemic heart disease, heart defects, rhythm and conduction disturbances), rheumatic, oncological, infectious diseases, osteo-traumatic changes in the upper extremities. Results. The groups of patients with the established diagnosis of vibration disease of 1 and 2 degrees were studied. With vibration disease stage 1 a decrease in the pulse velocity of blood flow was observed in isolation on the ulnar artery and an increase in peripheral resistance (pulsation index and resistance index) in the radial and ulnar arteries symmetrically on both upper extremities. The second stage of vibration disease differed from the first by a more significant decrease in speed indicators both on the ulnar and radial arteries on both sides, symmetrically in combination with a more pronounced increase in peripheral resistance indicators on both main arteries of the forearm (pulsation index and resistance index). The revealed changes were determined with the same frequency in men and women. Conclusions. A significant decrease in speed indicators on the ulnar artery and an increase in peripheral resistance indicators are detected already at the initial stages of vibration disease. Thus, the method of ultrasound examination of the main arteries of the middle caliber of the upper extremities is currently the only available and objective method for examining the vascular system in vibration disease.

scholarly journals Double-Outlet Right Ventricle in a Chianina Calf

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Domenico Caivano ◽  
Maria Chiara Marchesi ◽  
Piero Boni ◽  
Noemi Venanzi ◽  
Giovanni Angeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Double Outlet Right Ventricle ◽  
Cardiac Malformation ◽  
Septal Defects ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Malformation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Similar Complex ◽  
Echocardiographic Findings

Congenital heart defects have been occasionally reported in cattle and ventricular septal defect represents the most frequently encountered anomaly. The double-outlet right ventricle is a rare congenital ventriculoarterial malformation reported only in certain cattle breeds. We describe this rare and complex congenital cardiac malformation observed in a 10-day-old male Chianina calf. Clinical examination showed tachycardia, tachypnea, jugular pulses, cyanotic mucous membranes and a right apical systolic murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe dilation of the right-sided cardiac chambers with a markedly hypoplastic left ventricle. Both aorta and pulmonary artery leaving the right ventricle in parallel alignment with the tricuspid valve were suggestive of a dual-outlet right ventricle. Interventricular and interatrial septal defects were also visualized. Post-mortem examination confirmed the echocardiographic findings. To the authors’ knowledge, a similar complex congenital cardiac malformation has not been reported in calves of the Chianina breed to date.

Regional cerebral blood flow patterns of change following the own body image exposure in eating disorders: A longitudinal study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rodriguez-Cano ◽  
Luis Beato-Fernandez ◽  
Inmaculada Garcia-Vilches ◽  
Ana Garcia-Vicente ◽  
Victor Poblete-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to see if the changes in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) experienced by restrictive anorexia nervosa (AR) and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients, following the exposure to their own body image, persist at follow-up.MethodsThree single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed on nine patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of AR, 13 with BP, and 12 controls: at rest, following a neutral stimulus, and after exposure to their previously filmed whole body image. Body dissatisfaction was measured by means of the Body Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (BSQ). One year later the same assessment was repeated.ResultsFollowing the exposure to their own body image, BN showed an increase in body dissatisfaction, which was associated with the increase in the rCBF of the Right Temporal Area. Those changes persisted at follow-up.DiscussionMore specific long term therapies are needed for the treatment of the averse response showed by ED patients to their own body image exposure that is associated with the hyperactivation of the right temporal area when they are confronted with their whole body image.

The Effect of Incorporating Vessel Compliance in a Computational Model of Blood Flow in a Total Cavopulmonary Connection (TCPC) with Caval Centerline Offset

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Masters ◽  
M. Ketner ◽  
M. S. Bleiweis ◽  
M. Mill ◽  
A. Yoganathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Total Cavopulmonary Connection ◽  
Flow Mixing ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cavopulmonary Connection

Background—The total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), a palliative correction for congenital defects of the right heart, is based on the corrective technique developed by Fontan and Baudet. Research into the TCPC has primarily focused on reducing power loss through the connection as a means to improve patient longevity and quality of life. The goal of our study is to investigate the efficacy of including a caval offset on the hemodynamics and, ultimately, power loss of a connection. As well, we will quantify the effect of vessel wall compliance on these factors and, in addition, the distribution of hepatic blood to the lungs. Methods—We employed a computational fluid dynamic model of blood flow in the TCPC that includes both the non-Newtonian shear thinning characteristics of blood and the nonlinear compliance of vessel tissue. Results—Power loss in the rigid-walled simulations decayed exponentially as caval offset increased. The compliant-walled results, however, showed that after an initial substantial decrease in power loss for offsets up to half the caval diameter, power loss increased slightly again. We also found only minimal mixing in both simulations of all offset models. Conclusions—The increase in power loss beyond an offset of half the caval diameter was due to an increase in the kinetic contribution. Reduced caval flow mixing, on the other hand, was due to the formation of a pressure head in the offset region which acts as a barrier to flow.

scholarly journals The Role of Electrode Size on the Incidence of Spreading Depression and on Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow as Measured by H2 Clearance

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen J. Verhaegen ◽  
Michael M. Todd ◽  
David S. Warner ◽  
Bruce James ◽  
Julie B. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Spreading Depression ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Electrode Size ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
The Right

Cerebral blood flow was measured by the H2 clearance method 30 and 60 min after the implantation of 300, 250, 125, or 50 μm diameter platinum–iridium electrodes 2 mm deep into the right parietal cortex of normothermic, normocarbic halothane-anesthetized rats. Another group of animals had 50 μm electrodes inserted 1 mm. In all animals, the presence or absence of a wave of spreading depression (SD) was noted at the time of implantation, with recordings made with glass micropipettes. H2 flow values were compared with those measured in gray matter from the same anatomical region (but from different rats), using [3H]nicotine. The incidence of SD ranged from 60% following insertion of 300 μm electrodes to 0% with 50 μm electrodes. H2 clearance flows also varied with electrode size, from 77 ± 21 ml 100 g−1 min−1 (mean ± standard deviation) with 300 μm electrodes to 110 ± 31 and 111 ± 16 ml 100 g−1 min−1 with 125 and 50 μm electrodes, respectively (insertion depth of 2 mm). A CBF value of 155 ± 60 ml 100 g−1 min−1 was obtained with 50 μm electrodes inserted only 1 mm. Cortical gray matter blood flow measured with [3H]nicotine was 154 ± 35 ml 100 g−1 min−1. When the role of SD in subsequent flow measurements was examined, there was a gradual increase in CBF between 30 and 60 min after electrode insertion in those animals with SD, while no such change was seen in rats without SD. These results indicate that the choice of electrode size and implantation depth influences the measurement of CBF by H2 clearance. CBF values equivalent to those obtained with isotopic techniques can be acutely obtained with small (50 μm diameter) electrodes inserted 1 mm into the cortex. While the occurrence of SD does influence CBF in the period immediately after implantation, a relationship between electrode size and measured flow is present that is independent of SD.

Difficulty removing dialysis cuff catheter after its adhesion to the right atrium

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982199398
Author(s):  
Tomonari Ogawa ◽  
Megumi Inamura ◽  
Yuichiro Kawai ◽  
Ryo Yamamoto ◽  
Kunihiko Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Interventional Therapy ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
Japanese Female ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Elderly Japanese ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinic Hospital

We describe the case of an elderly Japanese female who had experienced diabetic nephropathy since the year 20xx and had been undergoing dialysis treatment while receiving vascular access interventional therapy (VAIVT) for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) occlusion. The patient visited the clinic/hospital in 20xx+10 with the AVF occlusion; emergency VAIVT was performed but blood flow could not be resumed. The patient was not admitted and was treated as an outpatient, and thus a cuff catheter (Split stream catheter: SST28 cm, Medcomp) was inserted. An infection developed and was successfully treated with antibiotics. The dialysis treatment continued without issue. One year after the cuff catheter’s insertion, the patient was admitted due difficulty breathing. Despite continued dialysis treatment with the catheter, the patient died 15 days post-admission. The removal of the catheter proved to be difficult. An autopsy was approved, and the area around the catheter was examined. The adhesion of the catheter to the right atrium was observed, but no infection was detected in the bloodstream. This case illustrates that dialysis with the use of a cuff catheter can be effective.

In Vivo Evaluation of Bioprinted Cardiac Patches Composed of Cardiac-Specific Extracellular Matrix and Progenitor Cells in a Model of Pediatric Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Bejleri ◽  
Matthew Robeson ◽  
Milton Brown ◽  
Jervaughn Hunter ◽  
Joshua Maxwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Pediatric Heart Failure ◽  
The Right

Pediatric patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) often present with heart failure from increased load on the right ventricle (RV) due to both surgical methods to treat CHD and the...

Abstract 14860: Echocardiographic Assessment of Shunt Fraction in Complex Cyanotic Heart Diseases Palliated With Aortopulmonary Shunts

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan K Lee ◽  
briana olson ◽  
Neal Jorgensen ◽  
Matthew D Files
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Shunt Fraction

Introduction: Neonates with complex heart defects with inadequate pulmonary blood flow require aortopulmonary shunts (APS) either as surgical-placed modified Blalock-Taussig shunt or a catheter-based stent implantation into a patent ductus arteriosus. An ideal APS provides equal pulmonary blood flow (Qp) as the systemic blood flow (Qs), which is considered balanced circulation. Pulmonary over-circulation leads to complications from inadequate systemic circulation, such as organ dysfunction, shock, and death. Accurately determining Qp:Qs ratio in these patients relies on catheterization, which is invasive and may falsely lower the Qp due to anesthetic effects. To our knowledge, there has not been any studies on echocardiographic comparisons of balanced versus overcirculated APS. We aim to evaluate echocardiographic Doppler assessment of velocity-time integral (VTI) at the aortic arch isthmus distal to APS origin as a measure of shunt fraction in APS patients. We defined shunt fraction ratio (SFR) as retrograde to prograde flow by VTI. Methods: This is a retrospective pilot study of neonates with APS. We selected two cohorts of patients with appropriately balanced circulation (n=12) and those with excessive Qp (n=5) resulting in end-organ damage. We analyzed serial echocardiograms, with repeated measurements for inter-observer agreement. Results: Mean SFR is lower in balanced cohort compared to the overcirculated cohort (0.45 ± 0.07 vs. 0.55 ± 0.09, p=0.02). For both groups, SFR was positively associated with oxygen saturation (r= 0.57, p=0.01), as well as markers of ventricular volume load, such as the highest brain naturetic peptide during hospitalization (Pearson’s correlation r=0.83, p= 0.04) and as outpatient (r= 0.72, p =0.02). Inter-observer agreement was 0.74, suggesting that this is a reproducible technique. Conclusions: SFR by VTI is a simple echocardiographic technique to estimate the volume of APS flow and appears to have important implications for clinical outcomes. Prompt characterization of pulmonary overcirculation without invasive assessment could improve clinical management. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.

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