scholarly journals The Orphan Kinesin PAKRP2 Achieves Processive Motility Via Noncanonical Stepping

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Gicking ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Keith J. Mickolajczyk ◽  
Lijun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Small Step ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Transport Vesicles ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Directed Motility ◽  
Transient Intermediate

AbstractPAKRP2 is an orphan kinesin in Arabidopsis thaliana that is thought to transport vesicles along phragmoplast microtubules for cell plate formation. Here, using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we show that PAKRP2 exhibits processive plus-end-directed motility on single microtubules as individual homodimers despite having an exceptionally long (32 residues) neck linker. Furthermore, using high-resolution nanoparticle tracking to visualize motor stepping dynamics, we find that PAKRP2 achieves processivity via a noncanonical stepping mechanism that includes small step sizes and frequent lateral steps to adjacent protofilaments. We propose that the small steps sizes are due to a transient intermediate step that involves a prolonged diffusional search of the tethered head due to its long neck linker. Despite this different stepping behavior, ATP is tightly coupled to each 8-nm step. Collectively, this study reveals PAKRP2 as the first orphan kinesin to demonstrate processive motility and broadens our understanding of the diverse kinesin stepping mechanisms.

Dynamics and roles of phragmoplast microfilaments in cell plate formation during cytokinesis of tobacco BY-2 cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2051-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
WenJie Zhang ◽  
Frantisek Baluska ◽  
Diedrik Menzel ◽  
HaiYun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Cell Plate ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation

scholarly journals Diversification of sterol methyltransferase enzymes in plants and a role for β-sitosterol in oriented cell plate formation and polarized growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 860-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamoto ◽  
Anne-Catherine Schmit ◽  
Dimitri Heintz ◽  
Hubert Schaller ◽  
Daisaku Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Cell Plate ◽  
Polarized Growth ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Sterol Methyltransferase

scholarly journals Very-long-chain fatty acids are required for cell plate formation during cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

2011 ◽  
Vol 124 (19) ◽  
pp. 3223-3234 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bach ◽  
L. Gissot ◽  
J. Marion ◽  
F. Tellier ◽  
P. Moreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Cytokinesis in tobacco BY-2 and root tip cells: a new model of cell plate formation in higher plants.

1995 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 1345-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L Samuels ◽  
T H Giddings ◽  
L A Staehelin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Parent Cell ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
New Model ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation

Cell plate formation in tobacco root tips and synchronized dividing suspension cultured tobacco BY-2 cells was examined using cryofixation and immunocytochemical methods. Due to the much improved preservation of the cells, many new structural intermediates have been resolved, which has led to a new model of cell plate formation in higher plants. Our electron micrographs demonstrate that cell plate formation consists of the following stages: (1) the arrival of Golgi-derived vesicles in the equatorial plane, (2) the formation of thin (20 +/- 6 nm) tubes that grow out of individual vesicles and fuse with others giving rise to a continuous, interwoven, tubulo-vesicular network, (3) the consolidation of the tubulo-vesicular network into an interwoven smooth tubular network rich in callose and then into a fenestrated plate-like structure, (4) the formation of hundreds of finger-like projections at the margins of the cell plate that fuse with the parent cell membrane, and (5) cell plate maturation that includes closing of the plate fenestrae and cellulose synthesis. Although this is a temporal chain of events, a developing cell plate may be simultaneously involved in all of these stages because cell plate formation starts in the cell center and then progresses centrifugally towards the cell periphery. The "leading edge" of the expanding cell plate is associated with the phragmoplast microtubule domain that becomes concentrically displaced during this process. Thus, cell plate formation can be summarized into two phases: first the formation of a membrane network in association with the phragmoplast microtubule domain; second, cell wall assembly within this network after displacement of the microtubules. The phragmoplast microtubules end in a filamentous matrix that encompasses the delicate tubulo-vesicular networks but not the tubular networks and fenestrated plates. Clathrin-coated buds/vesicles and multivesicular bodies are also typical features of the network stages of cell plate formation, suggesting that excess membrane material may be recycled in a selective manner. Immunolabeling data indicate that callose is the predominant lumenal component of forming cell plates and that it forms a coat-like structure on the membrane surface. We postulate that callose both helps to mechanically stabilize the early delicate membrane networks of forming cell plates, and to create a spreading force that widens the tubules and converts them into plate-like structures. Cellulose is first detected in the late smooth tubular network stage and its appearance seems to coincide with the flattening and stiffening of the cell plate.

Phragmoplastin dynamics: multiple forms, microtubule association and their roles in cell plate formation in plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonglie Hong ◽  
C. Jane Geisler-Lee ◽  
Zhongming Zhang ◽  
Desh Pal S. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Cell Plate ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation

Einfluß von Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh. auf die Zellteilung

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pfitzer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Mealy Bug ◽  
Pseudococcus Maritimus ◽  
Female Flowers

The mealy-bug Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh. suppresses as specific disturbance cell plate formation in dividing cells of female flowers without interfering with the division of the nuclei. Host plants were three different species of the aroid Aglaonema. The result are multinucleated cells whose differentiation in cells of pistil, ovary, and embryo-sac is practically undisturbed.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal analysis of cellulose synthesis during cell plate formation in Arabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Miart ◽  
Thierry Desprez ◽  
Eric Biot ◽  
Halima Morin ◽  
Katia Belcram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Plate ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Functional characterization of the KNOLLE-interacting t-SNARE AtSNAP33 and its role in plant cytokinesis

2001 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Heese ◽  
Xavier Gansel ◽  
Liliane Sticher ◽  
Peter Wick ◽  
Markus Grebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid ◽  
Division Plane ◽  
Plant Cytokinesis ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Two Hybrid

Cytokinesis requires membrane fusion during cleavage-furrow ingression in animals and cell plate formation in plants. In Arabidopsis, the Sec1 homologue KEULE (KEU) and the cytokinesis-specific syntaxin KNOLLE (KN) cooperate to promote vesicle fusion in the cell division plane. Here, we characterize AtSNAP33, an Arabidopsis homologue of the t-SNARE SNAP25, that was identified as a KN interactor in a yeast two-hybrid screen. AtSNAP33 is a ubiquitously expressed membrane-associated protein that accumulated at the plasma membrane and during cell division colocalized with KN at the forming cell plate. A T-DNA insertion in the AtSNAP33 gene caused loss of AtSNAP33 function, resulting in a lethal dwarf phenotype. atsnap33 plantlets gradually developed large necrotic lesions on cotyledons and rosette leaves, resembling pathogen-induced cellular responses, and eventually died before flowering. In addition, mutant seedlings displayed cytokinetic defects, and atsnap33 in combination with the cytokinesis mutant keu was embryo lethal. Analysis of the Arabidopsis genome revealed two further SNAP25-like proteins that also interacted with KN in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Our results suggest that AtSNAP33, the first SNAP25 homologue characterized in plants, is involved in diverse membrane fusion processes, including cell plate formation, and that AtSNAP33 function in cytokinesis may be replaced partially by other SNAP25 homologues.

scholarly journals Endocytosis of Cell Surface Material Mediates Cell Plate Formation during Plant Cytokinesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Dhonukshe ◽  
František Baluška ◽  
Markus Schlicht ◽  
Andrej Hlavacka ◽  
Jozef Šamaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Plant Cytokinesis ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Plate Formation

Cell deformities in bark and sapwood caused by Rhytidiella moriformis and Keissleriella emergens infections in poplar

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 780-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Zalasky
Keyword(s):  
Cell Plate ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Cell Plate Formation ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Outer Periphery ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Host Tissues

The cambium of balsam poplar appeared to be stimulated by Rhytidiella moriformis and Keissleriella emergens infections of bark, colonized to the outer periphery of the phloem but not beyond. Instead of producing normal xylem in groups of four cells, it produced hyperplastic and hypoplastic deformed xylem, each group consisting of variable combinations of tracheids, vessel elements, and wood parenchyma. Deformities were accompanied by composite cell structures and rapid aging of thick-walled ray cells. Tracheids and vessel elements were branched, curvate, attenuate, and short. Vessel elements without perforations had more bordered pits arranged on all sides. Perforations, if present, were often lateral and not oriented for vertical transport of solutes. Morphogenetically, host tissues are believed to be chimeral, as evidenced by stunting, incomplete cell-plate formation, and hyperplasia and hypoplasia. Changes in structure of cells and tissues of the host were caused by both pathogens, but they occur over a larger surface area of the bark and sapwood on trees infected by R. moriformis in nature.

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