scholarly journals Testing for a role of Dnmt2 in paternal trans-generational immune priming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora K E Schulz ◽  
Maike F Diddens-de Buhr ◽  
Joachim Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractTrans-generational effects from fathers to offspring are increasingly reported from diverse organisms, but the underlying mechanisms are often unknown. Paternal trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) was demonstrated in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum: non-infectious bacterial exposure (priming) of fathers protects their offspring against an infectious challenge. Here we studied a potential role of the Dnmt2 (now also called Trdnmt1) gene, which encodes a highly conserved enzyme that provides CpG methylation to a set of tRNAs and has previously been reported to be involved in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in mice. We first studied gene expression and found that Dnmt2 was expressed throughout life, with high expression in testes. Knockdown of Dnmt2 in fathers slowed down offspring larval development and increased mortality of the adult offspring upon bacterial infection. However, the observed effects were independent of the paternal priming treatment. In conclusion, our results point towards a role of Dnmt2 for paternal effects, while elucidation of the mechanisms behind paternal TGIP needs further studies.

How do histone modifications contribute to transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in C. elegans?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Woodhouse ◽  
Alyson Ashe
Keyword(s):  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Histone Methyltransferases ◽  
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Gene Regulatory

Gene regulatory information can be inherited between generations in a phenomenon termed transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI). While examples of TEI in many animals accumulate, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has proven particularly useful in investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon. In C. elegans and other animals, the modification of histone proteins has emerged as a potential carrier and effector of transgenerational epigenetic information. In this review, we explore the contribution of histone modifications to TEI in C. elegans. We describe the role of repressive histone marks, histone methyltransferases, and associated chromatin factors in heritable gene silencing, and discuss recent developments and unanswered questions in how these factors integrate with other known TEI mechanisms. We also review the transgenerational effects of the manipulation of histone modifications on germline health and longevity.

Modulation of embryonic development due to mating with immunised males

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila A. Gerlinskaya ◽  
Svetlana O. Maslennikova ◽  
Margaret V. Anisimova ◽  
Nataly A. Feofanova ◽  
Evgenii L. Zavjalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
In Utero Environment ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulation Of

The modification of pre- and postnatal development conferred by immunogenic stimulation of mothers provides a population-level adaptation mechanism for non-genetic transfer of maternal experiences to progeny. However little is known about the transmission of paternal immune experiences to offspring. Here, we show that immune priming of males 3–9 days before mating affects the growth and humoral environment of developing embryos of outbred (ICR) and inbred (C57BL and BALB/c) mice. Antigenic stimulation of fathers caused a significant increase in embryonic bodyweight as measured on Day 16 of pregnancy and altered other gestation parameters, such as feto–placental ratio. Pregnant females mated with immunised males were also characterised by changes in humoral conditions as shown by measurements of blood and amniotic progesterone, testosterone and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokine concentrations. These results emphasise the role of paternal effects of immune priming on the in utero environment and fetal growth.

scholarly journals Emerging impact of the long noncoding RNA MIR22HG on proliferation and apoptosis in multiple human cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Zhang ◽  
Cuixia Li ◽  
Xiulan Su
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Competitive Endogenous Rna

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, chromatin remodeling, metabolism and immune escape. Clinically, the expression of MIR22HG is increased in many human tumors (colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, and thyroid carcinoma), while in others (esophageal adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma), it is significantly decreased. Moreover, MIR22HG has been reported to function as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), be involved in signaling pathways, interact with proteins and interplay with miRNAs as a host gene to participate in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we describe the biological functions of MIR22HG, reveal its underlying mechanisms for cancer regulation, and highlight the potential role of MIR22HG as a novel cancer prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target that can increase the efficacy of immunotherapy and targeted therapy for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Computational Approaches to Understanding the Role of Fibroblast-Myocyte Interactions in Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tashalee R. Brown ◽  
Trine Krogh-Madsen ◽  
David J. Christini
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Slow Propagation

The adult heart is composed of a dense network of cardiomyocytes surrounded by nonmyocytes, the most abundant of which are cardiac fibroblasts. Several cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction or dilated cardiomyopathy, are associated with an increased density of fibroblasts, that is, fibrosis. Fibroblasts play a significant role in the development of electrical and mechanical dysfunction of the heart; however the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. One widely studied mechanism suggests that fibroblasts produce excess extracellular matrix, resulting in collagenous septa. These collagenous septa slow propagation, cause zig-zag conduction paths, and decouple cardiomyocytes resulting in a substrate for arrhythmia. Another emerging mechanism suggests that fibroblasts promote arrhythmogenesis through direct electrical interactions with cardiomyocytes via gap junctions. Due to the challenges of investigating fibroblast-myocyte coupling in native cardiac tissue, computational modeling andin vitroexperiments have facilitated the investigation into the mechanisms underlying fibroblast-mediated changes in cardiomyocyte action potential morphology, conduction velocity, spontaneous excitability, and vulnerability to reentry. In this paper, we summarize the major findings of the existing computational studies investigating the implications of fibroblast-myocyte interactions in the normal and diseased heart. We then present investigations from our group into the potential role of voltage-dependent gap junctions in fibroblast-myocyte interactions.

Interleukin-17A in Alzheimer’s disease: recent advances and controversies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Zhu Yan ◽  
Laijun Lai ◽  
Qiang Ao ◽  
Xiao-hong Tian ◽  
Yan-hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which mainly affects older adults. Although the global burden of AD is increasing year by year, the causes of AD remain largely unknown. Numerous basic and clinical studies have shown that interleukin-17A (IL-17A) may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD. A comprehensive assessment ofthe role of IL-17A in AD would benefit the diagnosis, understanding of etiology and treatment. However, over the past decade controversies remain regarding the expression level and role of IL-17A in AD. We have incorporated newly published researches and point out that IL-17A expression levels may vary along with the development of AD, exercising different roles at different stages of AD, although much more work remains to be done to support the potential role of IL-17A in AD-related pathology.Here, it is our intention to review the underlying mechanisms of IL-17A in AD and address the current controversies, in an effort to clarify the results of existing research and suggest future studies.

scholarly journals Diet and Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance of Breast Cancer: The Role of the Paternal Germline

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Santana da Cruz ◽  
Elaine Chen ◽  
Megan Smith ◽  
Jaedus Bates ◽  
Sonia de Assis
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance

scholarly journals Do Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance and Immune System Development Share Common Epigenetic Processes?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Rwik Sen ◽  
Christopher Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Immune System Development ◽  
And Function

Epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression for development, immune response, disease, and other processes. A major role of epigenetics is to control the dynamics of chromatin structure, i.e., the condensed packaging of DNA around histone proteins in eukaryotic nuclei. Key epigenetic factors include enzymes for histone modifications and DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and prions. Epigenetic modifications are heritable but during embryonic development, most parental epigenetic marks are erased and reset. Interestingly, some epigenetic modifications, that may be resulting from immune response to stimuli, can escape remodeling and transmit to subsequent generations who are not exposed to those stimuli. This phenomenon is called transgenerational epigenetic inheritance if the epigenetic phenotype persists beyond the third generation in female germlines and second generation in male germlines. Although its primary function is likely immune response for survival, its role in the development and functioning of the immune system is not extensively explored, despite studies reporting transgenerational inheritance of stress-induced epigenetic modifications resulting in immune disorders. Hence, this review draws from studies on transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, immune system development and function, high-throughput epigenetics tools to study those phenomena, and relevant clinical trials, to focus on their significance and deeper understanding for future research, therapeutic developments, and various applications.

scholarly journals Transient musical hallucinations in a young adult male associated with alcohol withdrawal

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S267-S267
Author(s):  
Mao Lim ◽  
Graham Blackman ◽  
Anthony David ◽  
Fahmida Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Recreational Drug Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Serotonin Toxicity

AimsWe present the case of a 25-year-old male who presented to A&E with isolated musical hallucinations, in the absence of audiological or neurological disease.BackgroundMusical hallucinations (MH) are a form of complex auditory hallucinations whereby an individual experiences an instrumental and/or vocal melody in the absence of auditory stimuli.ResultThe patient had a history of recreational drug use and a family history of psychosis. Hallucinations, which were preceded by discontinuation of alcohol and re-initiation of citalopram for depression, resolved spontaneously after three days.ConclusionAetiological factors are discussed alongside the existing literature. Whilst the underlying mechanisms underpinning musical hallucinations remains elusive, the case illustrates the potential role of alcohol withdrawal, serotonin toxicity, recreational drug use and genetic vulnerability.

scholarly journals Influence of gut microbiome on multiple myeloma: friend or foe?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000576
Author(s):  
Nausheen Ahmed ◽  
Mahmoud Ghannoum ◽  
Molly Gallogly ◽  
Marcos de Lima ◽  
Ehsan Malek
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Over Time

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells, which typically evolves over time from its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. While the underlying mechanisms of this evolution remain elusive, immunomodulatory factors affecting the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment are suspected to play a role. There is an increasing evidence that the gut microbiome exerts an influence on its host’s adaptive and innate immune systems, inflammatory pathways and the BM microenvironment. Dysbiosis, therefore, may impact tumorigenesis in MM. This article gives an overview of potential mechanisms by which the microbiome may influence the pathogenesis of MM, MM patients’ responses to treatment and toxicities experienced by MM patients undergoing autologous transplant. It also discusses the potential role of the mycobiome in MM, a less studied component of the microbiome.

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