scholarly journals Rodent-borne bacterial infections in Gwangju, Korea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Seon Bang ◽  
Choon-Mee Kim ◽  
Dong-Min Kim ◽  
Na Ra Yun
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Republic

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the prevalence ofOrientia tsutsugamushi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum,andLeptospira interroganin wild rodents through molecular detection in organ samples collected from two distinct sites in Gwangju Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea.Methodology/Principal FindingsA total of 47 wild rodents, identified asApodemus agrarius (A. agrarius), were captured from June to August 2016. The seroprevalence of antibodies against bacterial pathogens in rodent sera was analyzed; 17.4% (8/46) were identified asO. tsutsugamushithrough indirect immunofluorescence assay and 2.2% (1/46) were identified asLeptospiraspp. through passive hemagglutination assay. Using molecular methods, the spleen, kidney, and blood samples were evaluated for the presence ofO. tsutsugamushi, A. phagocytophilum, andL. interrogans. Out of 47 wild rodents, 25.5% (12/47) were positive for bacterial pathogens by PCR, where 19.1% (9/47) were positive forA. phagocytophilumand 6.4% (3/47) were positive forL. interrogans, while none were positive forO. tsutsugamushi. In addition, testing for bacterial infection in different tissues indicated that 8.7% (4/46) were positive forA. phagocytophilumin the blood, 13.3% (6/45) were positive forA. phagocytophilumin the spleen, and 6.4% (3/47) and 2.1% (1/47) were positive forL.interrogansandA. phagocytophilum, respectively, in the kidney.Conclusions/SignificanceIn this study, tropisms forA. phagocytophilumin the spleen andL. interrogansin the kidney were identified. Notably,A. phagocytophilumandL. interroganswere detected in wild rodents living in close proximity to humans in the metropolitan suburban areas. Results of the present study indicate that rodent-borne bacteria may be present in wild rodents in the metropolitan suburban area of Republic of Korea.Author SummaryMany zoonotic diseases are spreading not only in the Republic of Korea (ROK), but also worldwide. Scrub typhus, anaplasmosis, and leptospirosis are well known diseases that are considered common, widespread rodent-borne infectious diseases. Rodents serve as important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens such asO. tsutsugamushi, A. phagocytophilum, andL. interrogans,which may be fatal to humans. Our study demonstrated the prevalence of these pathogens in wild rodents, through molecular assays and seroprevalence in organ samples. We captured 47 wild rodents in the Gwangju metropolitan city area of ROK. All were identified asA. agrarius. The prevalence of rodent-borne bacteria was 17.4% in the sera, where 25.5% was positively detected as bacterial pathogens via polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicate the importance of detecting rodent-borne bacteria in wild rodents living close to humans in suburban areas of ROK. Our data was limited to only a few samples of rodents in two regions. More samples may have to be collected over longer periods of time, to investigate the infectious nature of these pathogens in detail.

scholarly journals 1648. Prevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Leptospira interrogans in Striped Field Mice in Gwangju, Republic of Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S602-S603
Author(s):  
Dong-Min Kim ◽  
Mi Seon Bang ◽  
Choon-Mee Kim ◽  
Na Ra Yun ◽  
Jun-won Seo
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Close Proximity

Abstract Background Scrub typhus, anaplasmosis, and leptospirosis are well-known diseases that are considered common, widespread rodent-borne infectious diseases Methods This study investigated the prevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Leptospira interrogans in wild rodents through molecular detection using organ samples and through serological assay using blood samples of mice collected from two distinct sites in Gwangju Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea (ROK). Results A total of 47 wild rodents, identified as Apodemus agrarius (A. agrarius), were captured from June to August 2016. The seroprevalence of antibodies against bacterial pathogens in A. agrarius sera was analyzed; 17.4% (8/46) were identified as O. tsutsugamushi through indirect immunofluorescence assay and 2.2% (1/46) were identified as Leptospira species through passive hemagglutination assay. Using polymerase chain reaction, the spleen, kidney and blood samples were investigated for the presence of O. tsutsugamushi, A. phagocytophilum, and L. interrogans. Out of the 47 A. agrarius, 19.1% (9/47) were positive for A. phagocytophilum and 6.4% (3/47) were positive for L. interrogans, while none were positive for O. tsutsugamushi. Four out of 46 (8.7%) blood samples, six out of 45 (13.3%) spleen samples, and one out of 47 (2.1%) kidney samples were positive for A. phagocytophilum. Three out of 47 (6.4%) kidney samples were positive for L. interrogans. The sequencing results of PCR positive samples demonstrated >99% similarity with A. phagocytophilum and L. interrogans sequences Conclusion A. phagocytophilum was mostly detected in the spleen, whereas L. interrogans was mostly detected in the kidneys. Notably, A. phagocytophilum and L. interrogans were detected in A. agrarius living in close proximity to humans in the metropolitan suburbans. The results of this study indicate that rodent-borne bacteria may be present in wild rodents in the metropolitan suburban areas of ROK Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Geographical Distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ticks Collected from Wild Rodents in the Republic of Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Seong Yoon Kim ◽  
Tae-Kyu Kim ◽  
Tae Yun Kim ◽  
Hee Il Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tick Vectors ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.) via transmission cycles involving competent tick vectors and vertebrate reservoirs. Here, we determined the prevalence and distribution of Borrelia genospecies in 738 ticks of at least three species from wild rodents in nine regions of the Republic of Korea (ROK). Ticks were analyzed using nested PCR targeting partial flagellin B gene sequences, followed by sequence analysis. The prevalence of Borrelia infection was 33.6%, and the most common genospecies were B. afzelii (62.5%), B. valaisiana (31.9%), B. yangtzensis (2.4%), B. garinii (1.6%), and B. tanukii (1.6%). Borrelia afzelii was found in all regions except Jeju Island; this predominant genospecies was found in the northern and central sampling regions. Borrelia valaisiana, B. yangtzensis, and B. tanukii were found only in the southern regions with B. valaisiana being the most common, whereas B. yangtzensis and B. tanukii were only found on Jeju Island. Our study is the first to describe the nationwide prevalence of B. burgdorferi s. l. in ticks from wild rodents in the ROK. Continuous surveillance in ticks, animals, humans, and different regions is required to avoid disease distribution and possible transmission to humans in the ROK.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Chigger Mite Vectors for Tsutsugamushi Disease in the Hwaseong Area, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Young Yil Bahk ◽  
Hojong Jun ◽  
Seo Hye Park ◽  
Haneul Jung ◽  
Seung Jegal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Chigger Mite ◽  
Tsutsugamushi Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Owing to global climate change, the global resurgence of vector-borne infectious diseases and their potential to inflict widespread casualties among human populations has emerged as a pivotal burden on public health systems. Tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) in the Republic of Korea is steadily increasing and was designated as a legal communicable disease in 1994. The disease is a mite-borne acute febrile disease most commonly contracted from October to December. In this study, we tried to determine the prevalence of tsutsugamushi disease transmitted by chigger mites living on rodents and investigated their target vector diversity, abundance, and distribution to enable the mapping of hotspots for this disease in 2015. A total of 5 species belonging to 4 genera (109 mites): Leptotrombidium scutellare 60.6%, L. pallidum 28.4% Neotrombicula tamiyai 9.2%, Euschoengastia koreaensis/0.9%), and Neoschoengastia asakawa 0.9% were collected using chigger mite collecting traps mimicking human skin odor and sticky chigger traps from April to November 2015. Chigger mites causing tsutsugamushi disease in wild rodents were also collected in Hwaseong for the zoonotic surveillance of the vector. A total of 77 rodents belonging to 3 genera: Apodemus agrarius (93.5%), Crocidura lasiura (5.2%), and Micromys minutus (1.3%) were collected in April, October, and November 2015. The most common mite was L. pallidum (46.9%), followed by L. scutellare (18.6%), and L. orientale (18.0%). However, any of the chigger mite pools collected from rodent hosts was tested positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi, the pathogen of tsutsugamushi disease, in this survey.

scholarly journals Biosurveillance of selected pathogens with zoonotic potential in a zoological collection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kvapil ◽  
Jožko Račnik ◽  
Marjan Kastelic ◽  
Jiřina Marková ◽  
Jean Murat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Cygnus Olor ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Mute Swans

Monitoring infectious diseases is one of the most important pillars of preventive medicine in zoological collections. Screening for parasitic and bacterial infections is obligatory for keeping animals and equipment safe from pathogens that may pose a risk to animal and human health. Zoological collections usually contain many different animal species, living in close proximity with people and wild animals. As an epidemiological probe, 188 animals (122 mammals, 65 birds, and one reptile) from a zoo in Slovenia were examined for selected pathogens. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum were detected by ELISA in 37% and 3% of mammals, and in 0% and 3% of birds, respectively; the reptile was negative. A statistically significant difference in T. gondii prevalence was found in Carnivora (78%) compared to Cetartiodactyla (33%, p = 0.0227) and Primates (25%, p = 0.0084). Antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected by IFAT in 55% of mammals and 34% of birds, respectively; the reptile was negative. Herbivores had a higher chance of being infected with E. cuniculi compared to omnivores (p = 0.0015). Antibodies to Chlamydia abortus and Coxiella burnetii were not detected in any of the zoo animals. The sera of 39 wild rodents found in the zoo were also examined; they were negative for all three parasites. The parasite T. gondii was detected by PCR in the tissue of two mute swans (Cygnus olor), one laboratory mouse, two Mus musculus, one Apodemus flavicollis, and one Apodemus agrarius. Positive samples were genotyped by a single multiplex PCR assay using 15 microsatellite markers; one sample from a mute swan was characterized as type II. This micro-epidemiological study offers a better understanding of pathogens in zoo animals and an understanding the role of zoos in biosurveillance.

scholarly journals Nationwide Incidence of Chigger Mite Populations and Molecular Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in the Republic of Korea, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Min-Goo Seo ◽  
Bong-Goo Song ◽  
Tae-Kyu Kim ◽  
Byung-Eon Noh ◽  
Hak Seon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Chigger Mite ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Tsutsugamushi Disease ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
The Republic

The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has established regional centers at 16 locations to monitor vectors and pathogens. We investigated the geographical and temporal distribution of chigger mite populations to understand tsutsugamushi disease epidemiology in 2020. To monitor weekly chigger mite populations, 3637 chigger mites were collected from sticky chigger mite traps in autumn. Chigger mites appeared from the first week of October to the third week of December, peaking in the fourth week of October. The predominant species were Leptotrombidium scutellare, Leptotrombidium palpale, Neotrombicula kwangneungensis, Neotrombicula tamiyai, and Leptotrombidium pallidum. To monitor Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in chigger mites, 50,153 chigger mites were collected from 499 trapped wild rodents in spring and autumn, with a chigger index of 100.5. Approximately 50% of chigger mites were pooled into 998 pools, and the minimum infection rate (MIR) of O. tsutsugamushi was 0.1%. Jeongeup had the highest MIR for O. tsutsugamushi (0.7%). The Kato-related genotype was the most common (52.2%), followed by the Karp-related (17.4%), Boryong (13.0%), JG-related (8.7%), Shimokoshi (4.3%), and Kawasaki (4.3%) genotypes. Ecological and geographical studies focusing on the basic ecology and pathology of mites will improve our understanding of tsutsugamushi disease risks in the Republic of Korea.

Criminal Law and Religion in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Haeng Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The Republic
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