scholarly journals How will changes in local climate affect hawksbill hatchling production in Brazil?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Montero ◽  
Maria A.G. dei Marcovaldi ◽  
Milagros Lopez–Mendilaharsu ◽  
Alexsandro S. Santos ◽  
Armando J. B. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Nesting Beaches

AbstractLocal climatic conditions can influence sea turtle embryonic development and hatchling viability. Therefore, it is crucial to understand these influences as well as potential ramifications to population stability under future climate change. Here, we examined the influences of five climatic variables (air temperature, accumulated and average precipitation, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed) at different temporal scales on hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) hatchling production at ten nesting beaches within two regions of Brazil (five nesting beaches in Rio Grande do Norte and five in Bahia). Air temperature and accumulated precipitation were the main climatic drivers of hawksbill hatching success across Brazil and in Rio Grande do Norte, while air temperature and average precipitation were the main climatic drivers of hatching success at Bahia. Solar radiation was the main climatic driver of emergence rate at both regions. Conservative and extreme climate scenarios show air temperatures are projected to increase, while precipitation projections vary between scenarios and regions throughout the 21st century. We predicted hatching success of undisturbed nests (no recorded depredation or storm-related impacts) will decrease in Brazil by 2100. This study shows the determining effects of different climate variables and their combinations on an important and critically endangered marine species.

scholarly journals Identification of solar radiation effect on climatic indicators of the territory of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Physical Processes

Formulation of the problem. Understanding that solar energy is the main source of the majority of biological, chemical and physical processes on Earth, investigation of its influence on different climatic fields allows us to define the features of its space and hour fluctuations. To define radiation and temperature regime of the territory it is necessary to determine climatic features of the spreading surface, which absorbs and will transform solar energy. Considering the fact that modern climatic changes and their consequences cover all components of the system, today there is a problem of their further study for comprehension of atmospheric processes, modeling weather conditions on different territories depending on the properties. The purpose of the article is to determine interrelations between indexes of solar radiation (the Wolf's number) and air temperature, atmospheric pressure on the territory of Ukraine during 1965-2015, their change in space and time. Methods. Correlative method is one of the main methods of a statistical analysis which allows us to receive correlation coefficients of solar radiation variability indexes, air temperature, atmospheric pressure on the territory of the research. This technique estimates the extent of solar radiation influence on temperature regime of the territory and distribution of atmospheric pressure. Results. Coefficients of correlation, which characterize variability of solar radiation indexes, air temperature and atmospheric pressure on the explored territory have been received by means of statistical correlation analysis method. This technique allows us to estimate the degree and nature of solar radiation influence on a temperature regime of the territory and distribution of atmospheric pressure. It has been defined that direct correlative connection between indexes of solar radiation is characteristic of air temperature and atmospheric pressure fields. Significant statistical dependence between incoming solar radiation on the territory of Ukraine and atmospheric pressure has been noted during the spring and autumn periods mainly at the majority of stations. Between indexes of solar radiation and air temperature the inverse correlative connection in winter will be transformed to a direct connection during the spring and summer periods. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Physical processes, which happen in the atmosphere, are characterized by complex interrelations. For further research it is important to define solar radiation value and the extent of influence on climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of the fire ant pesticide AMDRO on loggerhead turtle nest productivity and seafinding orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
HE Smith ◽  
SR Hoover ◽  
M Salmon ◽  
H Seaman ◽  
CM Coppenrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nest Site ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Loggerhead Turtle ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Ghost Crabs ◽  
Emergence Success ◽  
Nesting Beaches

Invasive fire ants prey on a variety of organisms in the southeastern USA, including the pipped eggs and hatchlings within sea turtle nests. The granular fire ant bait AMDRO® (active ingredient hydramethylnon) is currently used at some rookeries to protect nests, but no studies have been conducted to determine if the pesticide negatively impacts the eggs or the hatchlings. We examined the pesticide’s effect on loggerhead (Caretta caretta) nests at Juno Beach, Florida, USA, specifically targeting how exposure affected hatching success, hatchling emergence success, and the ability of the turtles to orient visually from the nest to the sea. Pesticide granules were placed within a 30 cm diameter circle on the sand directly above the nest during the final 5-10 days of incubation, representative of its typical application at nesting beaches. Cornmeal granules in soybean oil and untreated natural nests served as controls. AMDRO had no significant effect on hatching success or emergence success, nor did it result in any deficiencies in hatchling orientation accuracy. However, the pesticide and cornmeal control attracted other predators (Atlantic ghost crabs and avian species), in addition to fire ants, to the nest site, thus revealing the nest’s location and potentially increasing its vulnerability. Consequently, we suggest that its usage may not be beneficial at sites where predators other than ants are especially abundant.

scholarly journals Meteorological conditions and their associations with the productive performance of wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
José Eduardo Minussi ◽  
Jessica Deolinda Leivas Stecca ◽  
Giovani Mathias Burg ◽  
Marlo Bison Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Santa Maria

This study aimed at assessing the effect of the photothermal quotient, meteorological variables and their effects on the grain production and yield of the wheat cultivars in terms of hectoliter mass in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in the same experimental area in different years. Four experiments were performed in the experimental field during the agricultural years of 2013 (10 cultivars), 2014 (16 cultivars), 2015 (15 cultivars) and 2016 (15 cultivars) with the principal cultivars in the Rio Grande do Sul state, during each of these years. The meteorological factors (mean air temperature, solar radiation, insolation and accumulated precipitation) showed wide fluctuations over these years. They induced instability in the production. The grain yield and the hectoliter mass were compared in each of the agricultural years (Scott-Knott, α≤0.05) and are related in dispersion plots according to the climatic variables for the set of years and cultivars (regression analysis). The available solar radiation (number of sunshine hours), quality (photothermal quotient) and average air temperature were the determinant factors for wheat productivity. However, the hectoliter mass was influenced more by the effect of genetic variability, lack of precipitation during crop maturation, and photothermal quotient around the time of anthesis. Wheat crop investments can be expanded to maximize wheat grain yield when average cycle temperatures remain near 16.5 oC, high solar radiation and low rainfall. Better quality trains (hectoliter mass) will be obtained when smaller precipitations are observed at harvest and higher photothermal quotient.

scholarly journals Climate Monitoring and Water Resources Management for Agricultural

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor RUSU ◽  
Mara L. SOPTEREAN ◽  
Paula I. MORARU ◽  
Ileana BOGDAN ◽  
Adrian I. POP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Production Monitoring

The degree of soil degradation in Transylvanian Plain (TP) and climate change in recent years, have radically modified climatic conditions for cultural crops. Monitoring of temperature and water supply in TP aims to evaluate these two resources for agricultural production. Monitoring the thermal and water supplies from TP was performed with twenty HOBO micro stations which determine the temperature (to a height of 1 m) and rainfalls same as temperature (at 10, 30, 50 cm depth in soil) and soil moisture (at 10 cm depth). Average precipitation recorded during 2009-2011, is 498.97 mm, which is beneath the multiannual average of the area. The year 2009 indicated an average of 503.84 mm in TP, considered in the lower limit of the area, followed by the year 2010 with an annual average of 607.84 mm, the year with the closest values to normal area precipitation values. The year 2011 is extremely dry, with an average of 376.56 mm. This situation is reflected in rainfall humidity values, recorded at a depth of 10 cm in the soil, where the area average is about 0.249%. Average air temperature during 2009-2011 is 10.75 0C, in the soil at 10 cm depth being 11.150C, respectively 11.28 0C at depth of 50 cm. Low amounts of precipitation, especially their poor distribution during crop vegetation, are aggravated by the deficit of hydrological resources for TP. The average air temperature is above multiannual average of the area, which significantly influenced the optimum time of sowing and amount of biologically active degrees of temperature during the vegetation period.

scholarly journals Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Hatching Success as a Function of Microbial Abundance and the Microenvironment ofIn SituNest Sand at Ostional, Costa Rica

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa S. Bézy ◽  
Roldán A. Valverde ◽  
Craig J. Plante
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
High Density ◽  
Microbial Abundance ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Nesting Beaches

Sea turtle hatching success at mass nesting beaches is typically lower than at solitary nesting beaches, presumably due in part to high rates of microbial metabolism resulting from the large input of organic matter from turtle eggs. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that hatching success varies across areas of the beach in conjunction with differences in the physical nest environment and microbial abundance of in situ olive ridley sea turtle nests at Ostional, Costa Rica. We marked natural nests in high-density, low-density, and tidal-wash nesting areas of the beach and monitored clutch pO2and temperature throughout the incubation period. We quantified hatching success and collected samples of nest sand during nest excavations. We quantified microbial abundance (bacteria and fungi) with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Hatching success was lower in nests with lower pO2, higher temperatures, higher organic matter content, and higher microbial abundance. Our results suggest that the lower oxygen within the nest environment is likely a result of the high microbial abundance and rates of decomposition in the nest sand and that these factors, along with increased temperature of clutches in the high-density nesting area, are collectively responsible for the low hatching success at Ostional.

scholarly journals Variability and changes in selected climate elements in Madrid and Alicante in the period 2000-2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cielecka
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Southeastern Coast ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of this study is to compare climatic conditions between the interior of the Iberian Peninsula and the southeastern coast of Spain. The article analyzes selected elements of climate over the last 15 years (2000-2014). Synoptic data from airport meteorological stations in Madrid Barajas and Alicante Elche were used. Attention was focused on annual air temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. The mean climatic conditions over the period 2000-2014 were compared with those over the 1961-1990 period which is recommended by WMO as climate normal and with data for the 1971-2000 coming from ‘Climate Atlas’ of Spanish meteorologists group AEMET. Two of climate elements discussed were characterized by significant changes. The annual air temperature was higher by about 0.2°C in Alicante and 0.9°C in Madrid in the period 2000-2014 compared to the 1961-1990. The current winters were colder than in years 1961-1990 at both stations. Gradual decrease in annual precipitation totals was observed at both stations. In 1961-1990 the annual average precipitation in Madrid amounted to 414 mm, while in Alicante it was 356 mm. However, in the recent years of 2000-2014 these totals were lower compared to 1961-1990 reaching 364.1 mm in the central part of Spain and 245.7 mm on the south-western coast.

scholarly journals Nest microbiota and pathogen abundance impact hatching success in sea turtle conservation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Z Hoh ◽  
Yu-Fei Lin ◽  
Wei-An Liu ◽  
Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique ◽  
Isheng Jason Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Pseudallescheria Boydii ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Turtle Conservation ◽  
Sea Turtle Conservation ◽  
Nesting Beaches ◽  
Nesting Season

AbstractHatchery practices are pivotal to conservation success. In sea turtle hatchery, reusing the same sand has been a norm but remains unclear whether such approach increases the risk of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) infection causing huge mortality in sea turtle eggs worldwide. We employed 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing in 123 sand samples and isolated fungal strains from diseased eggs across seven hatcheries and neighboring beaches in Malaysia. FSSC was isolated from all sampled hatcheries where F. solani/falciforme was the predominant species. A distinct microbial composition and higher abundance of FSSC (mean = 5.2 %) was found in all but one hatchery when compared to nesting beaches (mean = 1.3 %). Specifically, an ascomycetous fungus Pseudallescheria boydii consistently appeared in higher abundance (mean = 11.4 %) in FSSC-infected nests and was significantly associated with lower hatching success. The hatchery that maintained the most stringent practice by changing sand every nesting season had a microbiota resembling nesting beaches as well as lowest FSSC and P. boydii abundance. The results of current study imply the need to avoid reusing sand in sea turtle hatchery.

scholarly journals Radial Growth Response of Picea crassifolia to Climatic Conditions in a Dryland Forest Ecosystem in Northwest China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Hanxue Liang ◽  
Shaowei Jiang ◽  
Ali Muhammad ◽  
Jian Kang ◽  
Huoxing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Picea Crassifolia ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

As an important barrier against desert invasion in Northwest China, Helan Mountains (HL), Luoshan Mountains (LS) and their natural forests have an extremely important ecological status. It is of great significance to study the relationship between forest growth and climate in this region under the background of global change. At present, relevant research mostly focuses on the Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.), and little is known about how Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) responds to climate change. To investigate the potential relationships between radial growth of P. crassifolia and climatic conditions in Ningxia, China, we collected tree-ring samples from P. crassifolia growing in the HL and LS and then established the standard tree-ring width chronologies for the two sites. Correlation analysis together with multivariate linear regression and relative contribution analyses were used, and results showed that radial growth in the HL was determined by the precipitation in the previous September, by the standardized evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in the current March and June, and by the maximum air temperature in the current September. The maximum air temperature in the current September contributed the most (0.348) to the radial growth in the HL. In the LS, radial growth was determined by the precipitation in the previous September and in the current March and by the minimum air temperature in the current July. The factor that made the most contribution was the precipitation in the current March (0.489). Our results suggested that in the wetting and warming future, growth of P. crassifolia in the HL will increase while that in the LS needs further investigation. Our results also provide a basis for predicting how P. crassifolia in northwest China will grow under the background of future climate change and provide a reference for formulating relevant management measures to achieve ecological protection and sustainable development policies.

scholarly journals Mass balance modelling and climate sensitivity of Saskatchewan Glacier, western Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Kinnard ◽  
Olivier Larouche ◽  
Michael N. Demuth ◽  
Brian Menounos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Precipitation Record

Abstract. Glacier mass balance models are needed at sites with scarce long-term observations to reconstruct past glacier mass balance and assess its sensitivity to future climate change. In this study North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data are used to force a physically-based, distributed glacier mass balance model of Saskatchewan Glacier for the historical period 1979–2016 and assess it sensitivity to climate change. A two-year record (2014–2016) from an on-glacier automatic weather station (AWS) and a homogenized historical precipitation record from nearby permanent weather stations were used to downscale air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, incoming solar radiation and precipitation from the nearest NARR gridpoint to the glacier AWS site. The model was run with fixed (1979, 2010) and time-varying (dynamic) geometry using a multi-temporal digital elevation model (DEM) dataset. The model showed a good performance against recent (2012–2016) direct glaciological mass balance observations as well as with cumulative geodetic mass balance estimates. The simulated mass balance showed a large sensitivity to the biases in NARR precipitation and solar radiation, as well as to the prescribed precipitation lapse rate and ice aerodynamic roughness lengths, showing the importance of constraining these parameters with ancillary data. The difference between the static (1979) and dynamic simulations showed small differences (mean = 0.06 m w.e. a−1 or 1.5 m w.e. over 37 yrs), indicating minor effects of elevation changes on the glacier specific mass balance. The static mass balance sensitivity to climate was assessed for prescribed changes in regional mean air temperature between 0 to 7 °C and precipitation between −20 to +20 %, which comprise the spread of ensemble IPCC representative concentration pathways climate scenarios for the mid (2041–2070) and late (2071–2100) 21st century. The climate sensitivity experiments showed that future changes in precipitation would have a small impact on glacier mass-balance, while the temperature sensitivity increases with warming, from −0.65 to −0.93 m w.e. °C−1. Increased melting accounted for 90 % of the temperature sensitivity while precipitation phase feedbacks accounted for only 10 %. Roughly half of the melt response to warming was driven by a positive albedo feedback, in which glacier albedo decreases as the snow cover on the glacier thins and recedes earlier in response to warming, increasing net solar radiation fluxes. About one quarter of the melt response to warming was driven by latent heat energy gains (positive humidity feedback). Our study underlines the key role of albedo and air humidity in modulating the response of winter-accumulation type mountain glaciers and upland icefield-outlet glacier settings to climate.

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