scholarly journals Deletion of autism risk gene Shank3 disrupts prefrontal connectivity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pagani ◽  
Alice Bertero ◽  
Adam Liska ◽  
Alberto Galbusera ◽  
Mara Sabbioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Scaffolding Protein ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Cortical Projections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ultrasound Vocalization

AbstractMutations in the synaptic scaffolding protein Shank3 are a major cause of autism, and are associated with prominent intellectual and language deficits. However, the neural mechanisms whereby SHANK3 deficiency affects higher order socio-communicative functions remain unclear. Using high-resolution functional and structural MRI in mice, here we show that loss of Shank3 (Shank3B-/-) results in disrupted local and long-range prefrontal functional connectivity, as well as fronto-striatal decoupling. We document that prefrontal hypo-connectivity is associated with reduced short-range cortical projections density, and reduced gray matter volume. Finally, we show that prefrontal disconnectivity is predictive of social communication deficits, as assessed with ultrasound vocalization recordings. Collectively, our results reveal a critical role of SHANK3 in the development of prefrontal anatomy and function, and suggest that SHANK3 deficiency may predispose to intellectual disability and socio-communicative impairments via dysregulation of higher-order cortical connectivity.

A Review on Role of Macro and Micro Banking Environment on Non-Performing Assets Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Biswajit Prasad Chhatoi ◽  
Sharada Prasad Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
And Function ◽  
Asset Creation

In a self-resilient economy, banking system assumes importance in imparting momentum to economic growth and prosperity through mobilization of financial assets. Performance of banks, irrespective of their nature and function, is germane to their asset creation and maintenance capacity. In a neo-liberal regime, radical policy changes have crept into loan mechanism, thereby subjecting the banks to efficiently recover the loans, which is a vital asset for any banking firm. In this context, the authors through intensive review of literature identified micro and macro banking factors responsible for productive NPA management. The macro banking factors refer to the economic environment whereas the micro banking factors refer to the bank and branch-specific factors. The authors identified the critical role of organizational structure, involvement of employees, and organizational efficiency in driving prudent NPA management. The authors have found that the efficiency in managing NPAs differ in public and private banks, which is attributed to involvement of employees.

The role of the cerebellum in creativity and expert stone knapping

2020 ◽  
pp. 105971232096646
Author(s):  
Frederick L Coolidge
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Engagement Theory ◽  
Motor Movements ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Stone Knapping

The purpose of this article is to review the evolution and function of the cerebellum, particularly in regard to its role in creativity and expert stone knapping. First, the article reviews the history of the cerebellum, its evolution and phylogenetics, and its concerted evolution with various brain regions. It also notes the critical role of the cerebellum and the cerebro-cerebellar network in its traditionally recognized control of gross and fine motor movements and in its exaptation for basic and higher level cognitive processes, particularly in regard to increasingly more sophisticated stone knapping. Also, reviewed are various theories, advanced over the past three decades, of how the cerebellum tweaks and refines thoughts, images, and ideas just as it refines and smooths motor movements. Baddeley’s working memory model is also prominently featured, as are the works of Ito, Vandervert, and others on the cerebellum’s role in novel problem-solving, insight, and creativity. Finally, this article reviews two “Cognitive Rubicons” in stone tool knapping, Theory of Mind and stone knapping, and Malafouris’ Material Engagement Theory. The article concludes with a novel hypothesis that the automaticity provided by the cerebellum derived from extensive practice in stone knapping may have freed Baddeley’s central executive from its attentional demands and allows the mind to “wander and wonder.”

Critical role of the N-terminal cyclic AMP-binding domain of Epac2 in its subcellular localization and function

2009 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Niimura ◽  
Takashi Miki ◽  
Tadao Shibasaki ◽  
Wakako Fujimoto ◽  
Toshihiko Iwanaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
And Function

Critical Role of Zinc Ion on E. coli Glutamyl-Queuosine-tRNAAsp Synthetase (Glu-Q-RS) Structure and Function

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutapa Ray ◽  
Victor Banerjee ◽  
Mickael Blaise ◽  
Baisakhi Banerjee ◽  
Kali Pada Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans DYF-2, an Orthologue of Human WDR19, Is a Component of the Intraflagellar Transport Machinery in Sensory Cilia

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4801-4811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeni Efimenko ◽  
Oliver E. Blacque ◽  
Guangshuo Ou ◽  
Courtney J. Haycraft ◽  
Bradley K. Yoder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Intraflagellar Transport ◽  
Bardet Biedl Syndrome ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Sensory Cilia ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
And Function

The intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery required to build functional cilia consists of a multisubunit complex whose molecular composition, organization, and function are poorly understood. Here, we describe a novel tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD) repeat (WDR) containing IFT protein from Caenorhabditis elegans, DYF-2, that plays a critical role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the IFT machinery. We determined the identity of the dyf-2 gene by transgenic rescue of mutant phenotypes and by sequencing of mutant alleles. Loss of DYF-2 function selectively affects the assembly and motility of different IFT components and leads to defects in cilia structure and chemosensation in the nematode. Based on these observations, and the analysis of DYF-2 movement in a Bardet–Biedl syndrome mutant with partially disrupted IFT particles, we conclude that DYF-2 can associate with IFT particle complex B. At the same time, mutations in dyf-2 can interfere with the function of complex A components, suggesting an important role of this protein in the assembly of the IFT particle as a whole. Importantly, the mouse orthologue of DYF-2, WDR19, also localizes to cilia, pointing to an important evolutionarily conserved role for this WDR protein in cilia development and function.

scholarly journals Critical Role of GFR 1 in the Development and Function of the Main Olfactory System

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (48) ◽  
pp. 17306-17320 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marks ◽  
L. Belluscio ◽  
C. F. Ibanez
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
And Function ◽  
Main Olfactory System

scholarly journals The critical role of Krüppel-like factors in kidney disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (2) ◽  
pp. F259-F265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Mallipattu ◽  
Chelsea C. Estrada ◽  
John C. He
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Barrier ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mammalian Embryonic Development

Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc-finger transcription factors critical to mammalian embryonic development, regeneration, and human disease. There is emerging evidence that KLFs play a vital role in key physiological processes in the kidney, ranging from maintenance of glomerular filtration barrier to tubulointerstitial inflammation to progression of kidney fibrosis. Seventeen members of the KLF family have been identified, and several have been well characterized in the kidney. Although they may share some overlap in their downstream targets, their structure and function remain distinct. This review highlights our current knowledge of KLFs in the kidney, which includes their pattern of expression and their function in regulating key biological processes. We will also critically examine the currently available literature on KLFs in the kidney and offer some key areas in need of further investigation.

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