scholarly journals Beyond financial conflicts of interest: Institutional oversight of faculty consulting agreements at schools of medicine and public health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Mello ◽  
Lindsey Murtagh ◽  
Steven Joffe ◽  
Patrick L. Taylor ◽  
Yelena Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Accredited Schools ◽  
Internet Searches ◽  
Institutional Oversight ◽  
Schools Of Medicine

AbstractImportanceApproximately one-third of U.S. life sciences faculty engage in industry consulting. Despite reports that consulting contracts often impinge on faculty and university interests, institutional approaches to regulating consulting agreements are largely unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the nature of institutional oversight of faculty consulting contracts at U.S. schools of medicine and public health.DesignStructured telephone interviews with institutional administrators. Questions included the nature of oversight for faculty consulting agreements, if any, and views about consulting as a private versus institutional matter. Interviews were analyzed using a structured coding scheme.SettingAll accredited schools of medicine and public health in the U.S.ParticipantsAdministrators responsible for faculty affairs were identified via internet searches and telephone and email follow-up. The 118 administrators interviewed represented 73% of U.S. schools of medicine and public health, and 75% of those invited to participate.InterventionStructured, 15-30 minute telephone interviews.Main outcomes and measuresPrevalence and type of institutional oversight; responses to concerning provisions in consulting agreements; perceptions of institutional oversight.ResultsOne third of institutions (36%) required faculty to submit at least some agreements for institutional review and 36% reviewed contracts upon request, while 35% refused to review contracts. Among institutions with review, there was wide variation the issues covered. The most common topic was intellectual property rights (64%), while only 23% looked at publication rights and 19% for inappropriately broad confidentiality provisions. Six in ten administrators reported they had no power to prevent faculty from signing consulting agreements. Although most respondents identified institutional risks from consulting relationships, many maintained that consulting agreements are “private.”Conclusions and relevanceOversight of faculty consulting agreements at U.S. schools of medicine and public health is inconsistent across institutions and usually not robust. The interests at stake suggest the need for stronger oversight.

scholarly journals Beyond financial conflicts of interest: Institutional oversight of faculty consulting agreements at schools of medicine and public health

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0203179
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Mello ◽  
Lindsey Murtagh ◽  
Steven Joffe ◽  
Patrick L. Taylor ◽  
Yelena Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Financial Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Institutional Oversight ◽  
Schools Of Medicine

scholarly journals How do patients and physicians communicate about hereditary angioedema in the United States?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260805
Author(s):  
Gagan Jain ◽  
Lauren Walter ◽  
Carolyn Reed ◽  
Patricia O’Donnell ◽  
Jeffrey Troy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Hereditary Angioedema ◽  
The United States ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Communication Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease that manifests as recurrent and debilitating angioedema attacks, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Objective To assess communication dynamics between patients with HAE and treating physicians and the impact this has on the treatment of HAE in the United States. Methods This observational study used an institutional review board–approved protocol to collect four sources of patient–physician communication data from the period between January 2015 and May 2017: in-office conversations between patients aged ≥18 years with HAE and physicians, follow-up dictations with physicians, telephone interviews with patients and physicians, and publicly available social media posts from patients. Participant language was qualitatively assessed and key communication elements and communication gaps identified. Results Twenty-five in-office conversations, 14 follow-up physician dictations, and 17 telephone interviews were conducted with a total of 29 unique patients, 4 caregivers, and 14 physicians. In-office conversations were generally physician-driven and focused primarily on symptom frequency, location, and severity; lexicon from both parties centered on “episodes” and “swelling.” During visits, impact on quality of life was not routinely assessed by physicians nor discussed proactively by patients; however, during telephone interviews and online, patients frequently described the multifaceted burden of HAE. Patients highlighted the difficulties they experience by using repetition, emphasis, and metaphors; they also varied the descriptors used for attacks depending on the communication goal. Physicians used intensifiers to emphasize the necessity of rescue medication access, whereas prophylactic treatments were positioned as an option for frequent or laryngeal attacks. Conclusion Vocabulary differences suggest that the full impact of HAE is not consistently communicated by patients to physicians during clinical visits, indicating the potential for misaligned understanding of disease burden. A patient-driven, rather than physician-driven approach to the discussions may elicit valuable information that could help to optimize treatment approaches.

scholarly journals Dual MD–MPH Degree Students in the United States: Moving the Medical Workforce Toward Population Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492097842
Author(s):  
Jo Marie Reilly ◽  
Christine M. Plepys ◽  
Michael R. Cousineau
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Master Of Public Health ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Public Health Training ◽  
The Impact

Objective A growing need exists to train physicians in population health to meet the increasing need and demand for physicians with leadership, health data management/metrics, and epidemiology skills to better serve the health of the community. This study examines current trends in students pursuing a dual doctor of medicine (MD)–master of public health (MPH) degree (MD–MPH) in the United States. Methods We conducted an extensive literature review of existing MD–MPH databases to determine characteristics (eg, sex, race/ethnicity, MPH area of study) of this student cohort in 2019. We examined a trend in the MD community to pursue an MPH career, adding additional public health and health care policy training to the MD workforce. We conducted targeted telephone interviews with 20 admissions personnel and faculty at schools offering MD–MPH degrees in the United States with the highest number of matriculants and graduates. Interviews focused on curricula trends in medical schools that offer an MD–MPH degree. Results No literature describes the US MD–MPH cohort, and available MD–MPH databases are limited and incomplete. We found a 434% increase in the number of students pursuing an MD–MPH degree from 2010 to 2018. The rate of growth was greater than the increase in either the number of medical students (16%) or the number of MPH students (65%) alone. Moreover, MD–MPH students as a percentage of total MPH students more than tripled, from 1.1% in 2010 to 3.6% in 2018. Conclusions As more MD students pursue public health training, the impact of an MPH degree on medical school curricula, MD–MPH graduates, and MD–MPH career pursuits should be studied using accurate and comprehensive databases.

Screening at ports of entry for Ebola Virus Disease in England—a descriptive analysis of screening assessment data, 2014–2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicki L Boddington ◽  
Sophia Steinberger ◽  
Richard G Pebody
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Screening Assessment

Abstract Background In response to the outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa in 2014 and evidence of spread to other countries, pre-entry screening was introduced by PHE at five major ports of entry in the England. Methods All passengers that entered the England via the five ports returning from Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leonne were required to complete a Health Assessment Form and have their temperature taken. The numbers, characteristics and outcomes of these passengers were analysed. Results Between 14 October 2014 and 13 October 2015, a total of 12 648 passengers from affected countries had been screened. The majority of passengers were assessed as having no direct contact with EVD cases or high-risk events (12 069, 95.4%), although 535 (4.2%) passengers were assessed as requiring public health follow-up. In total, 39 passengers were referred directly to secondary care, although none were diagnosed with EVD. One high-risk passenger was later referred to secondary care and diagnosed with EVD. Conclusions Collection of these screening data enabled timely monitoring of the numbers and characteristics of passengers screened for EVD, facilitated resourcing decisions and acted as a mechanism to inform passengers of the necessary public health actions.

scholarly journals Delivery of the National Child Measurement Programme in England

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Martin Čadek ◽  
Stuart W. Flint ◽  
Ralph Tench
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Service Availability ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Abstract Objective: The National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) is a mandatory initiative delivered in England to children in reception and year 6. To date, no research has explored the methods used to deliver the NCMP by Local Government Authorities (LGA) across England. Design: An online survey was administered between February 2018 and May 2018 to explore the delivery of the NCMP across the 152 LGAs in England and disseminated using non-probability convenience sampling. Setting: LGAs received an anonymous link to the survey. Participants: A total of 92 LGAs participated in the survey. Results: Most LGAs who responded provide result feedback (86%), a proactive follow-up (71%) and referrals to services (80%). Additionally, 65% of the authorities tailor Public Health England specimen result letters to suit their needs, and 84% provide attachments alongside. Out of 71% of LGAs who provide proactive follow-up, 19 (29%) provide the proactive follow-up only to upper weight categories, and only 4 (6 %) include Healthy Weight category with other categories in proactive follow-up. Regarding the service availability for children, out of 80% of LGAs who indicated that services are available, 32 (43%) targeted solely upper weight categories while the other 42 (57%) offered services across all weight categories. Finally, most LGAs (88%) commission providers to manage various parts of the NCMP. Conclusions: The results show that LGAs in England localise the NCMP. Further guidance regarding standards of best practice would help LGAs to find the most suitable localisation out of various options that exist across other LGAs.

scholarly journals The potential dangers of not understanding COVID-19 public health restrictions in dementia: “It’s a groundhog day – every single day she does not understand why she can’t go out for a walk”

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Giebel ◽  
Kerry Hanna ◽  
Manoj Rajagopal ◽  
Aravind Komuravelli ◽  
Jacqueline Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Third Sector Organisations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract Background Sudden public health restrictions can be difficult to comprehend for people with cognitive deficits. However, these are even more important for them to adhere to due to their increased levels of vulnerability, particularly to COVID-19. With a lack of previous evidence, we explored the understanding and changes in adherence to COVID-19 public health restrictions over time in people living with dementia (PLWD). Methods Unpaid carers and PLWD were interviewed over the phone in April 2020, shortly after the nationwide UK lockdown, with a proportion followed up from 24th June to 10th July. Participants were recruited via social care and third sector organisations across the UK, and via social media. Findings A total of 70 interviews (50 baseline, 20 follow-up) were completed with unpaid carers and PLWD. Five themes emerged: Confusion and limited comprehension; Frustration and burden; Putting oneself in danger; Adherence to restrictions in wider society; (Un) changed perceptions. Most carers reported limited to no understanding of the public health measures in PLWD, causing distress and frustration for both the carer and the PLWD. Due to the lack of understanding, some PLWD put themselves in dangerous situations without adhering to the restrictions. PLWD with cognitive capacity who participated understood the measures and adhered to these. Discussion In light of the new second wave of the pandemic, public health measures need to be simpler for PLWD to avoid unwilful non-adherence. Society also needs to be more adaptive to the needs of people with cognitive disabilities more widely, as blanket rules cause distress to the lives of those affected by dementia.

scholarly journals Who Gets Lost, and What Difference Does It Make? Mixed Modes, Nonresponse Follow-up Surveys and the Estimation of Turnout

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas C Goldberg ◽  
Pascal Sciarini
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Politically Active

Abstract This article assesses whether—and to what extent—turnout bias in postelection surveys is reduced by adding a short nonresponse follow-up (NRFU) survey to a mixed-mode survey. Specifically, we examine how the NRFU survey influences response propensities across demographic groups and political factors and whether this affects data quality. We use a rich dataset on validated voter turnout data, collected across two different ballots. In addition to the main survey that comprises computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) and web respondents, both studies include a short follow-up mail survey for nonrespondents. The results demonstrate that collecting extra information from additional respondents on so-called “central” questions is worth the effort. In both studies, the NRFU survey substantially increases representativeness with respect to sociodemographic and participation variables. In particular, voters and politically active citizens are more accurately represented in the NRFU survey. This tends to result in better estimates of turnout determinants in the final (combined) sample than is seen from CATI/web respondents only. Moreover, the increase in response rate and the decrease in nonresponse bias comes at almost no price in terms of measurement errors. Vote overreporting is only slightly higher in the mail follow-up survey than in the main CATI/web survey.

scholarly journals Amlodipine induced Gingival Overgrowth in Patients at a Tertiary Level Hospital of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
Arun Sharma ◽  
Rinku Joshi ◽  
Sweta Rajya Laxmi Rana ◽  
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha ◽  
Pramod Raj Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Gingival Overgrowth ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Rare Side Effect ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Background: Amlodipine is a commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive in clinical practice. Gingival overgrowth is a rare side effect of this drug; with a reported prevalence of 1.7-3.3% in literature. Gingival overgrowth can cause aesthetic and functional problems as well as cause hindrance to maintain proper oral hygiene, thereby deteriorating the periodontal condition of the patient. The prevalence of Amlodipine induced gingival overgrowth is poorly defined in our country. Aim: This study aims to assess Amlodipine induced gingival overgrowth in a tertiary level referral hospital of Nepal Army. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on hypertensive patients with amlodipine therapy under regular follow up in the Department of Internal Medicine of Shree Birendra Hospital from September to December 2017. The data from record keeping was used for the study. Ethical clearance from Institutional Review committee of Nepal Army Institute of Health Sciences was obtained before conducting the study. Results: Out of 507 patients taking amlodipine, 240 were eligible for study and six (2.5%) were found to have amlodipine induced gingival overgrowth. These patients were on a dose of 5-10 mg over six months to 25 years. The gingival overgrowth was correlated with dose and duration which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Low prevalence of amlodipine induced gingival overgrowth and correlation with dose and duration was seen in this short-term study. However further large-scale follow-up studies may be required to assess the severity of the problem.

Public Health Follow-up of Suspected Exposure to Echinococcus multilocularis in Southwestern Ontario

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Trotz-Williams ◽  
N. J. Mercer ◽  
J. M. Walters ◽  
D. Wallace ◽  
B. Gottstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis

scholarly journals A selective follow-up study on a public health survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Linden-Bostrom ◽  
C. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Public Health Survey
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