scholarly journals Resistant potato starch fuels beneficial host-microbe interactions in the gut

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Trachsel ◽  
Cassidy Briggs ◽  
Nicholas K. Gabler ◽  
Heather K. Allen ◽  
Crystal L. Loving
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Respiration ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

AbstractInteractions between diet, the microbiota, and the host set the ecological conditions in the gut and have broad implications for health. Prebiotics are dietary compounds that may shift these conditions towards health by promoting the growth of beneficial microbes. Pigs fed a diet amended with 5% resistant potato starch (RPS) exhibited alterations associated with gut health relative to swine fed an unamended diet (CON). RPS intake increased abundances of anaerobicClostridiain feces and several tissues, as well as intestinal concentrations of butyrate. Functional gene amplicons suggested bacteria similar toAnaerostipes hadruswere stimulated by RPS intake. The CON treatment exhibited increased abundances of several genera ofProteobacteria(which utilize respiratory metabolisms) in several location. RPS intake increased the abundance of regulatory T cells in the cecum, but not periphery, and cecal immune status alterations were indicative of enhanced mucosal defenses. A network analysis of host and microbial changes in the cecum revealed that regulatory T cells positively correlated with butyrate concentration, luminal IgA concentration, expression of IL-6 and DEF1B, and several mucosa-associated bacterial taxa. Thus, the administration of RPS modulated the microbiota and host response, improved cecal barrier function, promoted immunological tolerance, and reduced the niche for bacterial respiration.ImportanceThe gut microbiota is central to host health. Many disease states and disorders appear to arise from interactions between the gut microbial community and host immune system. As a result, methods and interventions to support the growth and activity of beneficial gut microbes are being actively pursued. Feeding the gut microbiota with dietary compounds, known as prebiotics, is one of the most promising ways to support gut health. Here we describe a successful prebiotic intervention in weaning swine, a relevant translational model for human health. This work unites microbial and immunological data and demonstrates one way a prebiotic intervention can play out for the benefit of the host.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle curcumin ameliorates experimental colitis via modulation of gut microbiota and induction of regulatory T cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0185999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Ohno ◽  
Atsushi Nishida ◽  
Yoshihiko Sugitani ◽  
Kyohei Nishino ◽  
Osamu Inatomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Experimental Colitis

Bifidobacterium longum IM55 and Lactobacillus plantarum IM76 alleviate allergic rhinitis in mice by restoring Th2/Treg imbalance and gut microbiota disturbance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-G. Kim ◽  
G.-D. Kang ◽  
H.I. Kim ◽  
M.J. Han ◽  
D.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Th2 Cells

This study aimed to examine whether probiotics, which suppressed the differentiation of splenic T cells into type 2 helper T (Th2) cells and induced into regulatory T cells in vitro, alleviate allergic rhinitis (AR) and gut microbiota disturbance. We isolated Bifidobacterium longum IM55 and Lactobacillus plantarum IM76 from human faecal microbiota and kimchi, respectively, and examined their effects on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR and gut microbiota disturbance in mice. Treatment with IM55, IM76, or their probiotic mixture (PM) significantly reduced OVA-induced allergic nasal symptoms and blood immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in mice. These also reduced OVA-induced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 levels in nasal tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) but increased OVA-suppressed IL-10 levels. Treatment with IM55, IM76, or PM reduced OVA-induced increase in the populations of mast cells, eosinophils, and Th2 cells and increased OVA-suppressed population of regulatory T cells in the BALF. Treatment with IM55, IM76, or PM also inhibited OVA-induced expression of IL-5 in lung and colon tissues and restored OVA-disturbed composition of gut microbiota Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. These results suggest that IM55 and IM67 can alleviate AR by restoring Th2/Treg imbalance and gut microbiota disturbance.

scholarly journals Author Correction: c-MAF-dependent regulatory T cells mediate immunological tolerance to a gut pathobiont

Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 566 (7744) ◽  
pp. E7-E7
Author(s):  
Mo Xu ◽  
Maria Pokrovskii ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Ren Yi ◽  
Christy Au ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immunological Tolerance

The role of cytokines in immunological tolerance: potential for therapy

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Harber ◽  
Anette Sundstedt ◽  
David Wraith
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Clinical Potential

Current immunosuppression protocols, although often effective, are nonspecific and therefore hazardous. Consequently, immunological tolerance that is antigen specific and does not globally depress the patient's immune system has become one of the Holy Grails of immunology. Since the discovery that cytokines have immunomodulatory effects, extensive research has investigated the potential of these molecules to induce and maintain specific immunological tolerance in the context of transplantation, allergy and autoimmunity. In this article, we review the possible mechanisms by which cytokines can modulate the immune response and the animal models that frequently confound the theory that a single cytokine, or group of cytokines, can induce tolerance in a predictable manner. Finally, we discuss the role of cytokines at a paracrine level, particularly in the context of inducing and maintaining antigen-specific, regulatory T cells with the clinical potential to suppress specific immune responses.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota and lipopolysaccharide content of the diet influence development of regulatory T cells: studies in germ-free mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Hrncir ◽  
Renata Stepankova ◽  
Hana Kozakova ◽  
Tomas Hudcovic ◽  
Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Germ Free

scholarly journals Remodelling of the gut microbiota by hyperactive NLRP3 induces regulatory T cells to maintain homeostasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Yao ◽  
Chenhong Zhang ◽  
Yue Xing ◽  
Guang Xue ◽  
Qianpeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota
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