scholarly journals millepattes micropeptides are an ancient developmental switch required for embryonic patterning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparna Ray ◽  
Miriam I Rosenberg ◽  
Hélène Chanut-Delalande ◽  
Amelie Decaras ◽  
Barbara Schwertner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Embryonic Patterning ◽  
Embryo Patterning ◽  
Ancestral Function ◽  
Small Orfs ◽  
Developmental Switch ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames

SummarySmall open reading frames (smORFs) that code for “micropeptides” (10-100 amino acids) exhibit remarkable evolutionary complexity. Conserved micropeptides encoded by the millepattes (mlpt) gene are essential in Tribolium for embryogenesis but in Drosophila, function only in leg and cuticle differentiation. We find that a module identified in Drosophila trichome patterning, comprising Mlpt, UBR3, and Shaven-baby (Svb), coordinates early embryo patterning in several insect orders. Intriguingly, Mlpt segmentation function can be re-awakened in the Drosophila blastoderm, demonstrating the potency of an ancestral developmental switch retained despite evolving embryonic patterning modes. smORFs like millepattes thus illustrate plasticity of micropeptide functions despite constraints of essential genetic networks.One sentence summaryA module comprising the small ORFs mlpt/pri/tal, the transcription factor Svb, and the ubiquitin ligase UBR3, possesses an ancestral function in insect embryo patterning which is lost in flies but reactivated when Svb expression is restored.

scholarly journals The mlpt/Ubr3/Svb module comprises an ancient developmental switch for embryonic patterning

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparna Ray ◽  
Miriam I Rosenberg ◽  
Hélène Chanut-Delalande ◽  
Amélie Decaras ◽  
Barbara Schwertner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Editorial Note ◽  
Embryonic Patterning ◽  
Embryo Patterning ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Developmental Switch ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

Small open reading frames (smORFs) encoding ‘micropeptides’ exhibit remarkable evolutionary complexity. Conserved peptides encoded by mille-pattes (mlpt)/polished rice (pri)/tarsal less (tal) are essential for embryo segmentation in Tribolium but, in Drosophila, function in terminal epidermal differentiation and patterning of adult legs. Here, we show that a molecular complex identified in Drosophila epidermal differentiation, comprising Mlpt peptides, ubiquitin-ligase Ubr3 and transcription factor Shavenbaby (Svb), represents an ancient developmental module required for early insect embryo patterning. We find that loss of segmentation function for this module in flies evolved concomitantly with restriction of Svb expression in early Drosophila embryos. Consistent with this observation, artificially restoring early Svb expression in flies causes segmentation defects that depend on mlpt function, demonstrating enduring potency of an ancestral developmental switch despite evolving embryonic patterning modes. These results highlight the evolutionary plasticity of conserved molecular complexes under the constraints of essential genetic networks.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).

scholarly journals Two neuronal peptides encoded from a single transcript regulate mitochondrial function in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Bosch ◽  
Berrak Ugur ◽  
Israel Pichardo-Casas ◽  
Jorden Rabasco ◽  
Felipe Escobedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Single Transcript ◽  
Sequence Similarities ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames

SummaryNaturally produced peptides (<100 amino acids) are important regulators of physiology, development, and metabolism. Recent studies have predicted that thousands of peptides may be translated from transcripts containing small open reading frames (smORFs). Here, we describe two previously uncharacterized peptides in Drosophila encoded by conserved smORFs, Sloth1 and Sloth2. These peptides are translated from the same bicistronic transcript and share sequence similarities, suggesting that they encode paralogs. We provide evidence that Sloth1/2 are highly expressed in neurons, localize to mitochondria, and form a complex. Double mutant analysis in animals and cell culture revealed that sloth1 and sloth2 are not functionally redundant, and their loss causes animal lethality, reduced neuronal function, impaired mitochondrial function, and neurodegeneration. These results suggest that phenotypic analysis of smORF genes in Drosophila can provide a wealth of information on the biological functions of this poorly characterized class of genes.

scholarly journals Hundreds of putatively functional small open reading frames in Drosophila

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. R118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ladoukakis ◽  
Vini Pereira ◽  
Emile G Magny ◽  
Adam Eyre-Walker ◽  
Juan Couso
Keyword(s):  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames

scholarly journals Chroniques génomiques

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 675-677
Author(s):  
Bertrand Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Small Orfs ◽  
Reading Frames

A systematic search for non-conventional open reading frames in human DNA reveals a large number of small ORFs encoding peptides generally smaller than 100 amino-acids. These ORFs are transcribed and translated into small proteins, which are demonstrated to have functional significance by bulk CRISPR inactivation. Evidence is also found for bicistronic mRNAs including such a small ORF upstream of a canonical coding sequence. These findings add a new facet to our understanding of biological processes.

Computational discovery of small open reading frames in Bacillus lehensis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhafizhoh Zainuddin ◽  
Rosli Md. Illias ◽  
Nor Muhammad Mahadi ◽  
Mohd Firdaus-Raih
Keyword(s):  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Computational Discovery ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames

scholarly journals The product of the H19 gene may function as an RNA.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
C I Brannan ◽  
E C Dees ◽  
R S Ingram ◽  
S M Tilghman
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Translation Termination ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Translational Machinery ◽  
H19 Gene ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Small Open Reading Frames

The mouse H19 gene was identified as an abundant hepatic fetal-specific mRNA under the transcriptional control of a trans-acting locus termed raf. The protein this gene encoded was not apparent from an analysis of its nucleotide sequence, since the mRNA contained multiple translation termination signals in all three reading frames. As a means of assessing which of the 35 small open reading frames might be important to the function of the gene, the human H19 gene was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the two homologs revealed no conserved open reading frame. Cellular fractionation showed that H19 RNA is cytoplasmic but not associated with the translational machinery. Instead, it is located in a particle with a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 28S. Despite the fact that it is transcribed by RNA polymerase II and is spliced and polyadenylated, we suggest that the H19 RNA is not a classical mRNA. Instead, the product of this unusual gene may be an RNA molecule.

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