scholarly journals Genetic screening for mutants with altered seminal root numbers in hexaploid wheat using a high-throughput root phenotyping platform

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseyi Shorinola ◽  
Ryan Kaye ◽  
Guy Golan ◽  
Zvi Peleg ◽  
Stefan Kepinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Mutant Population

ABSTRACTRoots are the main channel for water and nutrient uptake in plants. Optimisation of root architecture provides a viable strategy to improve nutrient and water uptake efficiency and maintain crop productivity under water-limiting and nutrient-poor conditions. We know little, however, about the genetic control of root development in wheat, a crop supplying 20% of global calorie and protein intake. To improve our understanding of the genetic control of seminal root development in wheat, we conducted a high-throughput screen for variation in seminal root number using an exome-sequenced mutant population derived from the hexaploid wheat cultivar Cadenza. The screen identified seven independent mutants with homozygous and stably altered seminal root number phenotypes. One mutant, Cadenza0900, displays a recessive extra seminal root number phenotype, while six mutants (Cadenza0062, Cadenza0369, Cadenza0393, Cadenza0465, Cadenza0818 and Cadenza1273) show lower seminal root number phenotypes most likely originating from defects in the formation and activation of seminal root primordia. Segregation analysis in F2 populations suggest that the phenotype of Cadenza0900 is controlled by multiple loci whereas the Cadenza0062 phenotype fits a 3:1 mutant:wild-type segregation ratio characteristic of dominant single gene action. This work highlights the potential to use the sequenced wheat mutant population as a forward genetic resource to uncover novel variation in agronomic traits, such as seminal root architecture.

scholarly journals Genetic Screening for Mutants with Altered Seminal Root Numbers in Hexaploid Wheat Using a High-Throughput Root Phenotyping Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2799-2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseyi Shorinola ◽  
Ryan Kaye ◽  
Guy Golan ◽  
Zvi Peleg ◽  
Stefan Kepinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Root Phenotyping

scholarly journals Germinating Spore Exudates from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Molecular and Developmental Responses in Plants and Their Regulation by Ethylene

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arijit Mukherjee ◽  
Jean-Michel Ané
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Symbiotic Gene

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi stimulate root development and induce expression of mycorrhization-specific genes in both eudicots and monocots. Diffusible factors released by AM fungi have been shown to elicit similar responses in Medicago truncatula. Colonization of roots by AM fungi is inhibited by ethylene. We compared the effects of germinating spore exudates (GSE) from Glomus intraradices in monocots and in eudicots, their genetic control, and their regulation by ethylene. GSE modify root architecture and induce symbiotic gene expression in both monocots and eudicots. The genetic regulation of root architecture and gene expression was analyzed using M. truncatula and rice symbiotic mutants. These responses are dependent on the common symbiotic pathway as well as another uncharacterized pathway. Significant differences between monocots and eudicots were observed in the genetic control of plant responses to GSE. However, ethylene inhibits GSE-induced symbiotic gene expression and root development in both groups. Our results indicate that GSE signaling shares similarities and differences in monocots versus eudicots, that only a subset of AM signaling pathways has been co-opted in legumes for the establishment of root nodulation with rhizobia, and that regulation of these pathways by ethylene is a feature conserved across higher land plants.

scholarly journals Meta-QTL and ortho-MQTL analyses identified genomic regions controlling rice yield, yield-related traits and root architecture under water deficit conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Khahani ◽  
Elahe Tavakol ◽  
Vahid Shariati ◽  
Laura Rossini
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Average Confidence ◽  
Stable Qtls ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractMeta-QTL (MQTL) analysis is a robust approach for genetic dissection of complex quantitative traits. Rice varieties adapted to non-flooded cultivation are highly desirable in breeding programs due to the water deficit global problem. In order to identify stable QTLs for major agronomic traits under water deficit conditions, we performed a comprehensive MQTL analysis on 563 QTLs from 67 rice populations published from 2001 to 2019. Yield and yield-related traits including grain weight, heading date, plant height, tiller number as well as root architecture-related traits including root dry weight, root length, root number, root thickness, the ratio of deep rooting and plant water content under water deficit condition were investigated. A total of 61 stable MQTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments were identified. The average confidence interval of MQTLs was considerably refined compared to the initial QTLs, resulted in the identification of some well-known functionally characterized genes and several putative novel CGs for investigated traits. Ortho-MQTL mining based on genomic collinearity between rice and maize allowed identification of five ortho-MQTLs between these two cereals. The results can help breeders to improve yield under water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals The Quantitative Genetic Control of Root Architecture in Maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1919-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L Bray ◽  
Christopher N Topp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

scholarly journals Genetic control of agronomic traits in an oat population of recombinant lines

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Cristiano Nava ◽  
Ismael Tiago de Lima Duarte ◽  
Marcelo Teixeira Pacheco ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

Understanding the genetic control of phenotypic traits is essential to increase the efficiency of selection for adapted, high-yielding genotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic control of nine traits of hexaploid oat. Phenotypic data were collected from a population of 162 recombinant lines derived from the cross 'UFRGS17 x UFRGS 930598-6'. For the traits plant growth habit, hairs on leaf edges and panicle type, monogenic genetic control was observed. A quantitative and/or polygenic genetic control was stated for the traits panicle weight, panicle length, vegetative cycle, plant height, test weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for the traits vegetative cycle (h² = 0.89) and plant height (h² = 0.79), while moderate heritability was determined for test weight (h² = 0.51) and grain yield (h² = 0.48).

scholarly journals A biolistic method for high-throughput production of transgenic wheat plants with single gene insertions

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainur Ismagul ◽  
Nannan Yang ◽  
Elina Maltseva ◽  
Gulnur Iskakova ◽  
Inna Mazonka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Biolistic Method

scholarly journals Entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae promotes the early development of peanut root

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Shao-Fang ◽  
Wang Guang-Jun ◽  
Nong Xiang-Qun ◽  
Liu Bin ◽  
Wang Miao-Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Significant Difference

The benefit of the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae to early root development was evaluated. Two inoculating methods, conidia-suspension-drenching (T<sub>1</sub>) and conidia-coating (T<sub>2</sub>), were used when sowing peanut. The results showed that taproot length and lateral root number in T<sub>1</sub> significantly increased compared to the control (T<sub>0</sub>) in days 4–10 after treatment, whereas no significant difference was found between T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>0</sub>. The fungal density by T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> fluctuated in the first 8 days, followed by a gradual decline. The ratio of the taproot length or lateral root number in T<sub>1 </sub>and T<sub>0</sub> was significant relative to the fungal persistence. It suggested that M. anisopliae promotes peanut root development and should be considered as important factor in plant protection besides pest controls.

scholarly journals Detection of novel allelic variations in soybean mutant population using Tilling by Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reneth Millas ◽  
Mary Espina ◽  
CM Sabbir Ahmed ◽  
Angelina Bernardini ◽  
Ekundayo Adeleke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Mutant Population ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Allelic Variations ◽  
Tilling By Sequencing

ABSTRACTOne of the most important tools in genetic improvement is mutagenesis, which is a useful tool to induce genetic and phenotypic variation for trait improvement and discovery of novel genes. JTN-5203 (MG V) mutant population was generated using an induced ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis and was used for detection of induced mutations in FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B genes using reverse genetics approach. Optimum concentration of EMS was used to treat 15,000 bulk JTN-5203 seeds producing 1,820 M2 population. DNA was extracted, normalized, and pooled from these individuals. Specific primers were designed from FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B genes that are involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway for further analysis using next-generation sequencing. High throughput mutation discovery through TILLING-by-Sequencing approach was used to detect novel allelic variations in this population. Several mutations and allelic variations with high impacts were detected for FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B. This includes GC to AT transition mutations in FAD2-1A (20%) and FAD2-1B (69%). Mutation density for this population is estimated to be about 1/136kb. Through mutagenesis and high-throughput sequencing technologies, novel alleles underlying the mutations observed in mutants with reduced polyunsaturated fatty acids will be identified, and these mutants can be further used in breeding soybean lines with improved fatty acid profile, thereby developing heart-healthy-soybeans.

scholarly journals Effect of Propagation Tray Design on Early Stage Root Development of Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, and Populus tremuloides 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darby McGrath ◽  
Jason Henry ◽  
Ryan Munroe ◽  
Erin Agro
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Red Maple

Abstract This experiment investigated the effect of different plug-tray cell designs on root development of red maple (Acer rubrum), red oak (Quercus rubra), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings. In April of 2015, seeds of each species were sown into three plug trays with different substrate volumes and grown for 17 weeks. Two trays had permeable walls for air-pruning, one with vertical ribs and one without. The third tray had impermeable plastic cell walls. Harvested seedlings were analyzed for root dry weight, length, volume, surface area and number of deflected roots. Root length per volume was highest in the impermeable-walled tray for red maple and quaking aspen. The total numbers of deflected root systems were higher for all species in the impermeable-walled tray. Seedlings grown in the air-pruning trays had smaller proportions of deflected root masses. Greater substrate volume did not influence root deflection development. The air-pruning tray without vertical ribs had the lowest total number of root masses with misdirected roots and lower proportions of root masses with misdirected roots for all species. These results indicate that improved root architecture in root-air pruning tray designs is achievable in tree propagation; however, vertical plastic structures in air-pruning trays can still cause root deflections. Index words: Deflected roots, air-pruning, seedling, propagation, plugs, root architecture. Species used in the study: red maple (Acer rubrum L.); red oak (Quercus rubra L.); quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.).

scholarly journals Wheat shovelomics I: A field phenotyping approach for characterising the structure and function of root systems in tillering species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry M. York ◽  
Shaunagh Slack ◽  
Malcolm J Bennett ◽  
M John Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Field Phenotyping ◽  
And Function

AbstractWheat represents a major crop, yet the current rate of yield improvement is insufficient to meet its projected global food demand. Breeding root systems more efficient for water and nitrogen capture represents a promising avenue for accelerating yield gains. Root crown phenotyping, or shovelomics, relies on excavation of the upper portions of root systems in the field and measuring root properties such as numbers, angles, densities and lengths. We report a new shovelomics method that images the whole wheat root crown, then partitions it into the main shoot and tillers for more intensive phenotyping. Root crowns were phenotyped using the new method from the Rialto × Savannah population consisting of both parents and 94 doubled-haploid lines. For the whole root crown, the main shoot, and tillers, root phenes including nodal root number, growth angle, length, and diameter were measured. Substantial variation and heritability were observed for all phenes. Principal component analysis revealed latent constructs that imply pleiotropic genetic control of several related root phenes. Correlational analysis revealed that nodal root number and growth angle correlate among the whole crown, main shoot, and tillers, indicating shared genetic control among those organs. We conclude that this phenomics approach will be useful for breeding ideotype root systems in tillering species.

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