scholarly journals Critical transitions in malaria transmission models are consistently generated by superinfection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alonso ◽  
Andy Dobson ◽  
Mercedes Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Critical Transitions ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Super Infection ◽  
Prior Infection

AbstractThe history of infectious disease modelling essentially begins with the papers by Ross on malaria [1–5]. These models assume that the dynamics of malaria can most simply be characterized by two equations that describe the prevalence of malaria in the human and mosquito hosts. This structure has formed the central core of models for malaria and most other vector-borne diseases for the last century with occasional additions acknowledging important aetiological details. We partially add to this tradition by describing a malaria model that provides for vital dynamics in the vector and the possibility of super-infection in the human host; reinfection of asymptomatic hosts before they have cleared a prior infection. These key features of malaria aetiology create the potential for break points in the prevalence of infected hosts, sudden transitions that seem to characterize malaria’s response to control in different locations. We show that this potential for critical transitions is a general and underappreciated feature of any model for vector borne diseases with incomplete immunity and asymptomatic patients, including the canonical Ross-McDonald model. Ignoring these details of the host’s immune response to infection can potentially lead to serious misunderstanding in the interpretation of malaria distribution patterns and the design of control schemes for other vector-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Critical transitions in malaria transmission models are consistently generated by superinfection

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1775) ◽  
pp. 20180275 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alonso ◽  
Andy Dobson ◽  
Mercedes Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Critical Transitions ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

The history of modelling vector-borne infections essentially begins with the papers by Ross on malaria. His models assume that the dynamics of malaria can most simply be characterized by two equations that describe the prevalence of malaria in the human and mosquito hosts. This structure has formed the central core of models for malaria and most other vector-borne diseases for the past century, with additions acknowledging important aetiological details. We partially add to this tradition by describing a malaria model that provides for vital dynamics in the vector and the possibility of super-infection in the human host: reinfection of asymptomatic hosts before they have cleared a prior infection. These key features of malaria aetiology create the potential for break points in the prevalence of infected hosts, sudden transitions that seem to characterize malaria’s response to control in different locations. We show that this potential for critical transitions is a general and underappreciated feature of any model for vector-borne diseases with incomplete immunity, including the canonical Ross–McDonald model. Ignoring these details of the host’s immune response to infection can potentially lead to serious misunderstanding in the interpretation of malaria distribution patterns and the design of control schemes for other vector-borne diseases.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’.

scholarly journals Yellow fever and dengue: a threat to Europe?

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Broad Overview

The introduction and rapidly expanding range of Aedes albopictus in Europe is an iconic example of the growing risk of the globalisation of vectors and vector-borne diseases. The history of yellow fever and dengue in temperate regions confirms that transmission of both diseases could recur, particularly if Ae. aegypti, a more effective vector, were to be re-introduced. The article is a broad overview of the natural history and epidemiology of both diseases in the context of these risks.

Searching the Medical Literature: History of a Pilot Project in Mechanized Information Retrieval

1963 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Goldwyn
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Researcher ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Many Sources

Examples from many sources indicate the necessity for better communication of information between the medical researcher and the medical practitijner. Non-conventional methods of information retrieval offer a means of achieving this goal. An example is the experience of the Center for Documentation and Communication Research, Western Reserve University, in conducting a pilot study for the Communicable Disease Center. The subject was disease vector control literature and literature on vector-borne diseases, zoonoses and mycoses. A total of 2445 documents were analyzed by means of the telegraphic abstract, a structured and controlled “deep” index. The terms of the abstract were encoded by means of the semantic code, a machine-searchable code which establishes and preserves a thesaural function in order to control the terminology. Encoded abstracts recorded on magnetic tape were searched, using the GE 225 computer, for answers to 77 questions. Previously identified documents were retrieved with an accuracy of 94.7 o/o. Future tasks include continued study of the nature of the literature and its volume, and of present and potential users and of their needs.

SWITCHING VACCINATION SCHEMES FOR VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES WITH SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 441-477
Author(s):  
XINZHI LIU ◽  
PETER STECHLINSKI
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Pulse Vaccination ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Free Set ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Theory is developed for an epidemic model of a seasonally-spreading vector-borne disease using a hybrid system framework. Applicable to diseases spread by mosquitoes (e.g., chikungunya and Zika virus via Aedes albopictus), seasonal variations in transmission are modeled using switching parameters to represent term-time forcing. The vector agent is assumed to exhibit a period of incubation upon infection, modeled using a distribution. Three hybrid control strategies are analyzed in detail: switching cohort immunization, pulse vaccination at pre-specified times, and state-dependent pulse vaccination. Methods from switched systems theory are used to derive threshold disease eradication conditions involving the model parameters; convergence of solutions to a disease-free set or periodic solution is shown. A comprehensive analysis is performed to compare and contrast the different control schemes.

scholarly journals Exposure to Major Vector-Borne Diseases in Dogs Subjected to Different Preventative Regimens in Endemic Areas of Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Mariasole Colombo ◽  
Simone Morelli ◽  
Giulia Simonato ◽  
Angela Di Cesare ◽  
Fabrizia Veronesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Rickettsia Conorii ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Giglio Island

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are globally widespread arthropod-transmitted diseases with a significant impact on animal and human health. Many drivers have recently spurred the geographic spread of VBDs in dogs. This study has evaluated the exposure to most important VBDs in dogs under different preventative treatments in different regions of Italy, i.e., Veneto, Friuli Venezia-Giulia, Umbria, Giglio Island (Tuscany), Abruzzo and Latium. Serological analyses were performed to detect antibodies against Leishmania infantum, Babesia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis/Ehrlichia ewingii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Rickettsia conorii and the circulating antigen of Dirofilaria immitis. Dogs were categorized according to the treatment schedule usually received, and the association between seropositivity and possible risk factors was statistically evaluated. Overall, 124/242 (51.2%) dogs tested positive for at least one pathogen, while 34 (14.0%) were exposed to two or more pathogens. The most detected seropositivity was against R. conorii, followed by Anaplasma spp., L. infantum, B. canis, and the other pathogens under study. Significant statistical associations were found according to geographical provenance, history of tick infestation, lifestyle and inadequate prophylactic treatments. Random/irregular treatments have been identified as a clear risk factor. These results show that adequate prophylactic treatment protocols are overlooked by dog owners, despite the availability of several effective products, with possible implications in veterinary medicine and on public health.

scholarly journals Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of Colombia: records from the collection of insects of medical importance from National Institute of Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Santamaria ◽  
Marco Súarez ◽  
Ricardo Ortiz Gallego ◽  
Patricia Fuya ◽  
Geraldine Páez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Medical Importance

The collection of insects of medical importance from the National Institute of Health (Colombia) INS, was started in 1934 with the aim of being an institutional and national repository of the biodiversity of insects involved in vector-borne diseases of importance in public health. Today, the entomological collection includes more than 7.500 specimens. The ceratopogonids insects are one of the Groups of Diptera that conform this collection. Within the Ceratopogonidae family, are the insects of the genera Culicoides which are relevant in public health because of the nuisance caused by their bites when they are presented in great abundance and because of their role as transmitters of several agents (virus, protozoa and nematodes) that causes diseases to the humans and to the animals (Mullen 2002, Kettle 1995). Brief of the Ceratopogonidae insects (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) found in the collection, is presented here. A total of 801 individuals of this family rest in the collection, mainly adult of the genus Culicoides (90%). The collection is the result of the effort of several researchers through the history of the Group of Entomology (INS). These researchers collected ceratopogonids when they went to different transmission scenarios of the vector-borne diseases in Colombia, with the purpose of making the entomological characterizations. The effort of the researchers also included the processing, assembly, and identification of the specimens in the laboratory. New information about the geographical distribution of 39 species of the genera Culicoides appears for Colombia.

scholarly journals Editorial

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilarita T. Rivera, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

The epidemiology of vector mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue defines the interface between mosquito to human, and that between human to mosquito, as well as multiple economic, social, cultural, political and behavioral factors that expose humans to the mosquito bite, resulting in infection. Environmental factors such as suitable mosquito breeding sites, tropical climate and topography, increase mosquito density and man biting behavior resulting in infection and transmission. Different interventions to kill vector mosquitoes (adulticides and larvicides), prevent the mosquito bite (insecticide treated nets, curtains, repellents), diagnosis (rapid tests) and treatment (ACTs for malaria), have been implemented, and have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality particularly for malaria. But can disease control be realized and sustained? Can disease elimination and prevention of re-introduction be achieved? A better understanding of the epidemiology and control of vector-borne diseases clearly shows that the responsibility is not with key affected populations and the health sector only, but with all those sectors and stakeholders that impact on the disease, be it at the local and national levels. This is the basis of creating and implementing intersectoral collaborations (ISCs) for vector-borne diseases. The article was able to draw together and analyzed multi-country experiences on ISCs for malaria and dengue. The ISC structure, goals, inputs and outputs as well as outcomes of existing models were described. Gaps in planning and implementation were noted, and recommendations were added. The resulting data can be used to develop an enhanced ISC framework for more effective implementation and success. The Philippines had quite a number of malaria control initiatives built on partnerships with bilateral agencies- USAID, USNAMRU, WHO, JICA, AusAID, NGOs, private corporations, religious organizations, military, and that have contributed in disease control.1 Notable are the Palawan and Agusan del Sur experiences. In 1999, the Palawan provincial government and Pilipinas Shell Foundation, as its corporate social responsibility, established Kilusan Ligtas Malaria to control malaria in the island.2,3 The program’s multi-sectoral and social mobilization strategies that have been adopted by Global Fund have resulted in impressive decline of malaria cases and deaths, even to this time. High social capital may ensure the sustainability of these strategies.4,5 In 1995, Agusan del Sur, another malarious province, implemented the project “Implementation and Evaluation of a Self-Sustaining Community-Based Malaria Control Program in the Philippines” through the Australian International Development and Assistance Bureau. Initially a collaborative project of RITM and DOH-Malaria Control Services, it was gradually devolved to the Province of Agusan del Sur, which created its Provincial Technical Advisory Committee, Provincial Management Team and Community Trust Fund to implement and sustain malaria control.6 Last year, Agusan del Sur was declared malaria-free. How to be successful may not be elusive and enhanced Intersectoral Collaborations may be the winning formula in the fight against malaria and other vector-borne diseases.REFERENCES 1. Tongol-Rivera P. Milestones in the history of malaria research and control in the Philippines. In: Kano S, Tongol-Rivera P, eds. Malaria in Asia. Asian Parasitology Series Monograph The Federation of Asian Parasitologists. 2005; 6:135-166. 2. Angluben RU, Trudeau MR, Kano S, Tongol-Rivera P. Kilusan Ligtas Malaria: Advancing Social Mobilization towards Sustainable Malaria Control in the province of Palawan, the Philippines. Trop Med Health. 2008; 36(1):45-9. 3. Matsumoto-Takahashi ELA, Tongol-Rivera P, Villacorte EA, Angluben RU, Jimba M, Kano S. Bottom-up approach to strengthen community-based malaria control strategy from community health workers’ perceptions of their past, present, and future: a qualitative study in Palawan, Philippines. 2018. Trop Med Health. 2018; 46(1):24. 4. Tongol-Rivera P, Kano S, Saniel O, Solon JA, Villacorte E. Social Capital and Malaria Control in Palawan, the Philippines. 2010 (unpublished). 5. Valdecanas OC, Tuazon RR, Barcelona DR. Understanding Social Mobilization. In: The Philippine Experience, How Social Mobilization Works. UNICEF, the Philippines. 1996; pp. 9-19. 6. Linao RT. Finding and Funding Means: Beyond the Elimination of Malaria in Agusan del Sur. Foundation for the Development of Agusanons, Inc. 2014. Pilarita T. Rivera, MD, PhD Associate Editor Department of Parasitology College of Public Health University of the Philippines Manila REFERENCES 1. Tongol-Rivera P. Milestones in the history of malaria research and control in the Philippines. In: Kano S, Tongol-Rivera P, eds. Malaria in Asia. Asian Parasitology Series Monograph The Federation of Asian Parasitologists. 2005; 6:135-166.2. Angluben RU, Trudeau MR, Kano S, Tongol-Rivera P. Kilusan Ligtas Malaria: Advancing Social Mobilization towards Sustainable Malaria Control in the province of Palawan, the Philippines. Trop Med Health. 2008; 36(1):45-9.3. Matsumoto-Takahashi ELA, Tongol-Rivera P, Villacorte EA, Angluben RU, Jimba M, Kano S. Bottom-up approach to strengthen community-based malaria control strategy from community health workers’ perceptions of their past, present, and future: a qualitative study in Palawan, Philippines. 2018. Trop Med Health. 2018; 46(1):24.4. Tongol-Rivera P, Kano S, Saniel O, Solon JA, Villacorte E. Social Capital and Malaria Control in Palawan, the Philippines. 2010 (unpublished).5. Valdecanas OC, Tuazon RR, Barcelona DR. Understanding Social Mobilization. In: The Philippine Experience, How Social Mobilization Works. UNICEF, the Philippines. 1996; pp. 9-19. 6. Linao RT. Finding and Funding Means: Beyond the Elimination of Malaria in Agusan del Sur. Foundation for the Development of Agusanons, Inc. 2014.

The Biology of Disease Vectors, 2nd Edn (ed. Marquardt, W. C.), pp. 785. Elsevier Academic Press, USA, 2005. ISBN 0 12 473276 3. £62.99.

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
HILARY HURD
Keyword(s):  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
State University ◽  
Vector Biology ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector biology has become a fast moving field. Spurred on by the recent exciting advances in the molecular biology, genomics and latterly proteomics of vector insects and their pathogens, researchers are using new approaches and our knowledge is rapidly increasing. The second edition of this volume very much reflects these advances. The editor, William Marquardt, has assembled a team of section editors to oversee the production of 57 short chapters, divided into 7 parts. With a few exceptions, these experts are drawn from the USA, a reflection no doubt of the history of the first edition which was produced to accompany the Biology of Vector Disease course, given at Colorado State University. The text is aimed at post-graduate and post-doctoral researchers, working in a range of areas associated with vector biology and vector-borne diseases. It provides an excellent opportunity to obtain an initial overview of a new area or to dip into a field that may be peripheral to the topic under investigation.

scholarly journals 100th anniversary of the INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY, TROPICAL AND TRANSMISSIVE DISEASES named E.I. MARTSINOVSKY

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
V.P. Sergiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Moment

The article is devoted to the history of the Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-borne Diseases named after E.I. Martsinovsky from the moment of its foundation to the present day.

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