scholarly journals On the Orientation of Entorhinal Grids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Lebedev ◽  
Alexei Ossadtchi
Keyword(s):  
Vector Field ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Spatially Periodic ◽  
Neuronal Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the groundbreaking paper that eventually led to the 2014 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine, Hafting et al. (2005) reported that when rats forage for chocolate crumbs in a large open field, some neurons in their entorhinal cortex, called grid cells, exhibit crystalline-like responses to animal position, i.e. grids. Among several key findings documented in this article, the authors noted for the first time that the grids of different neurons can be tilted relative to each other, particularly if these neurons are far apart. In support of this claim, the researchers illustrated two neuronal subpopulations with a 7-10° difference in their grid orientations. Since these data are available online, we were able to reexamine these findings. Here we report several clarifications to the original observations of Hafting et al. First, we show that the relationship between the entorhinal grids is more complex than a single rotation: for the neuronal subpopulations analyzed by Hafting et al., one axis of the hexagonal grid is indeed tilted, but the other axes are not. Second, we show that local ensembles of entorhinal neurons are preferentially tuned to certain directions defined by the grid; this effect is unclear when single neurons are analyzed in isolation. Third, we argue that rat navigation traces are patterned instead of being random. For example, the orientation of the vector field representing average velocity appears to match the orientation of the neuronal grid. Overall, our observations indicate that additional insights into the function of entorhinal grids could be provided by ensemble-level analyses and thorough examination of the connection between the navigation behavior and neuronal patterns.HighlightsWhile our examination of the online dataset from Hafting et al. generally confirms their original findings, several clarifications should be made.For the two neuronal subpopulations, where Hafting et al. reported a 7-10° relative tilt between the grids, only one of the grid axes is tilted, whereas the others are not.When spatial response fields are plotted for neuronal subpopulations instead of single neurons, it is clear that each subpopulation exhibits spatially periodic bands aligned with one of the grid axes.Navigation traces are not random and appear to match the orientation and periodicity of the neuronal grid.

Konstruksi Ekonomi Politik Media Massa: Kasus Pemberitaan Illegal Logging Pada PT. RAPP (2009-2010)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Muchid Albintani
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP) and the activities of Illegal Logging inthe period 2009-2010 the focus of mass media. The focus of the reports motivatedby contradictory realities. On the one hand for the first time since a RegionalHead of local autonomy (Regent) was convicted of corruption (graft) relatedlicense for utilization of timber forest products (IUPHHK) that led to the illegallogging activities that also involve PT. RAPP. While on the other hand, theMinistry of Forestry by SK MENHUT/327/2009, provides expansion of theSemenanjung Kampar to PT. RAPP considered problematic and potentially theactivity of Illegal Logging. This paper aims to, first analyze the media coverage ofIllegal Logging on the existence PT. RAPP in 2009-2010. Second, describe andanalyze the implications of the media coverage of Illegal Logging on the existencePT. RAPP in 2009-2010. This paper uses constructionist (media) and politicaleconomy communication as a theoretical approach. The results of the discussionshowed that, the first the relationship of Illegal Logging and PT. RAPP has beenconstructed by the media that shows if the presence of both (PT RAPP and IllegalLogging) in the year 2009-2010 run separately and not linked. The second, so thenews about the activities undertaken Illegal Logging ('alleged') in PT RAPP anissue of 'ambiguous' and different from each other. In this context, if the newsshowed Illegal Logging, rather than an integral part of the production process(activities) PT. RAPP.Keywords: PT. RAPP, Illegal Logging and Economics Political Communication

Travelling Through the Rock to the Otherworld: The Shamanic ‘Grammar of Mind’ Within the Rock Art of Siberia

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-432
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rozwadowski
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Universal Nature ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cave Art

One of the aspects of the relationship between rock art and shamanism, which has been supposed to be of a universal nature, inspired by trance experience, concerns the intentional integration of the images with rock. Rock surface therefore has been interpreted, in numerous shamanic rock-art contexts, as a veil beyond which the otherworld could be encountered. Such an idea was originally proposed in southern Africa, then within Upper Palaeolithic cave art and also other rock-art traditions in diverse parts of the world. This paper for the first time discusses the relevance of this observation from the perspective of unquestionable shamanic culture in Siberia. It shows that the idea of the otherworld to be found on the other side of the rock actually is a widespread motif of shamanic beliefs in Siberia, and that variants of this belief provide a new mode of insight into understanding the semantics of Siberian rock art. Siberian data therefore support previous hypotheses of the shamanic nature of associating rock images with rock surface.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Histopathology of red chilli fruit (Capsicum annuum) infected with Colletotrichum acutatum of Java, Indonesia isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junisafitri Muljowati ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Laurentius Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uninfected Control ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Pathogenic Activity ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chilli Fruit

Abstract. Muljowati JS, Soesanto L, Nugroho LH. 2021. Short Communication: Histopathology of red chilli fruit (Capsicum annuum) infected with Colletotrichum acutatum of Java, Indonesia isolates. Biodiversitas 22: 874-880. Colletotrichum acutatum isolates from Malang, Temanggung, Kulonprogo, Brebes, Garut, and Pandeglang in Indonesia varied in their ability to produce pigments. In the present study, the histopathological status of red chilli was investigated during the early phase of infection by C. acutatum Java isolate. The results included a description of the histopathological features of red chillies (Capsicum annuum) in the early phase of infection by C. acutatum isolates and the relationship between the origin of the isolates and the time of onset of infection. The red chilli fruits were inoculated with fungal conidia suspension and then the histopathology of chilli fruits was observed at 0 hours (uninfected control), 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, and 32 hours after inoculation. The results showed that C. acutatum isolates from Kulonprogo caused host damage within 8 hours, while the other isolates (from Malang, Brebes, Garut and Pandeglang) began to produce similar symptoms at 16 hours or 24 hours. This study revealed for the first time that pathogenic activity begins at the onset of infection, and the resulting anatomical damage to red chillies begins at different times.

Hierobotana Briq., an intriguing monotypic genus of tribe Verbeneae (Verbenaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
NATALY O’LEARY ◽  
PABLO MORONI
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Hierobotana is a monotypic genus that belongs to tribe Verbeneae and is endemic to Ecuador. It is morphologically distinct from the other genera of Verbeneae in having only two functional stamens instead of four, as occur in most Verbenaceae. In the present work the relationship between Hierobotana and the other genera of Verbeneae is examined for the first time. Its single species, Hierobotana inflata, is described and illustrated and a key to the genera of tribe Verbeneae is provided. 

scholarly journals AVENTURES ET MÉSAVENTURE DE L’ÉCRITURE. À PROPOS DE L’INTERPRÉTATION DE LA NAISSANCE DE L’ÉCRITURE EN MÉSOPOTAMIE

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Luc Bachelot
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Résumé: L’apparition de l’écriture, pour la première fois dans le monde, en Mésopotamie à la fin du quatrième millénaire av. J.-C., fut et reste perçue comme une véritable révolution, comme la manifestation d’un saut qualitatif de la civilisation d’autant plus spectaculaire qu’il était imprévisible. Telle est notre perception occidentale, répétée au fil des siècles depuis l’antiquité grecque, mais qui n’est pas universelle. L’Extrême-Orient a une tout autre conception de l’écriture. L’examen attentif des faits, tout comme l’abondante littérature qu’ils ont suscitée, incite à se demander si la véritable aventure de l’écriture ne fut pas en vérité la mésaventure que constitue cette historiographie maintenant millénaire qui n’a cessé de générer une suite quasi ininterrompue d’études, de discours, de mythes et d’histoires visant à décrire son origine. Nous tenterons d’emprunter les issues qui en elle permettent, une sortie de cette mésaventure. Issues que constituent lestravaux de Leroi-Gourhan, Derrida et A.-M. Christin, ainsi que les avancéesrécentes de la neuro-physiologie, celles de G. Rizzolatti notamment. L’écriture comme la parole est une manifestation de l’activité symbolique sans que la première soit nécessairement soumise à la seconde. La relation de l’une à l’autre n’est pas verticale, mais horizontale. L’écriture apparaît donc, quand un champ notionnel est suffisamment élaboré pour être exprimé par un moyen autre que celui de la langue. Resumo: A aparição da escrita, pela primeira vez no mundo, na Mesopotâmia no final do quarto milênio antes de Cristo, foi e continua sendo percebida como uma verdadeira revolução, como a manifestação de um salto qualitativo da civilização tão espetacular quanto imprevisível. Esta é a nossa percepção ocidental, repetida ao longo dos séculos desde a Antiguidade grega, mas que não é universal. O Extremo Oriente tem uma concepção de escrita bem diferente. O exame atento dos fatos, assim como a abundância literária que suscitaram, incita a nos perguntarmos se a verdadeira aventura da escrita não foi na verdade uma desventura, que constitui essa historiografia agora milenar que não cessou de gerar uma sequência quase ininterrupta de estudos, discursos, mitos e histórias visando a descrever a sua origem. Vamos tentar tomar emprestadas questões que permitem uma saída desta desventura. Trata-se de questões que fazem parte dos trabalhos de Leroi-Gourhan, Derrida e A.-M. Christin, assim como dos avanços recentes da neuro-fisiologia, notadamente aqueles realizados por G. Rizzolatti. A escrita, assim como a palavra, é uma manifestação da atividade simbólica sem que a primeira esteja necesariamente submetida à segunda. A relação entre uma e outra não é vertical, mas horizontal. A escrita aparece então quando um campo de noções está suficientemente elaborado para poder ser exprimido por um outro meio que não aquele da língua. Abstract: For the first time in the world, the appearance of writing in Mesopotamia at the end of the fourth millennium BC was and continues to be perceived as a true revolution, as the manifestation of a qualitative leap of civilization, so spectacular and unpredictable. This is our Western perception, repeated over the centuries since the ancient Greeks, although it is not universal. There is a completely different perception of the writing for the Far East. The careful examination of the facts, along with the emerging abundant scholarship, raisesthe question whether the true adventure of writing wasin fact a mishap, which constitutes the now millenarian historiography that has not ceased to generate an almost uninterrupted sequence of studies, discourses, myths and histories in order to describe its origin. We will try to borrow questions that allow us to get out of this misadventure. Questions that form part of the work of Leroi-Gourhan, Derrida and A.-M. Christin, as well as recent advances in neurophysiology, notably those by G. Rizzolatti. Writing, as speech, is a manifestation of symbolic activity, without the former necessarily being subjected to the second. The relationship of one to the other is not vertical but horizontal. The writing then appears when a notional field is sufficiently developed to be expressed by means other than that of language.

Analysis of Vibration Harvesting Properties and Fracturing Structures of Soapberry (Sapindus Mukorossi)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Wenzhe Cui ◽  
Daochun Xu ◽  
Hu Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Force ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
List Type ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Important Form

HighlightsAnalyzing the fruit removal force and harvesting time of Sapindus fills a gap of Sapindus research.A dual excitation vibration method for harvesting Sapindus and the best harvesting parameters were obtained.The microstructure of the different fracturing locations was analyzed for the first time. Abstract.To address the issue of labor intensity in the harvest of Sapindus fruit, it is necessary to understand the harvesting properties of Sapindus mukorossi. In this study, a fruit removal force (FRF) test platform was used to analyze the relationship between the FRF and maturation time. An eccentric vibration harvesting test was conducted to obtain the frequency, acceleration, and other parameters of the Sapindus tree. According to the different falling locations of fruit, the fracturing locations were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the optimal time (9 to 12 November) to harvest is in the middle of the harvest period. Additionally, the shear force from 1.0N to 5.2 N was less than the tensile force from 2.7 to 10.2 N. Therefore, back and forth swinging is the major fracturing form of the fruit. Moreover, dual excitation is preferable to single-point excitation, and the acceleration root mean square (RMS) of the dual excitation was two to three times the acceleration RMS of single point excitation. The harvesting efficiency of dual excitation was 92.3% at 20 Hz. Additionally, there existed four fracturing locations for harvested fruit, as the frequency increased. Furthermore, the fracturing in the ear and stem was the most important form of fracturing, and microscopic observations revealed that it had a thinner and tidier cell wall and cell cavity. Keywords: Sapindus, Fruit removal force, Vibration, Microstructure.

The first time as polemic, the second time as play: Shakespeare’s King John and The troublesome reign

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lake
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
King John

This chapter studies King John and The troublesome reign of King John. There has been considerable scholarly debate about the relationship between the two texts; a debate centred on the issue of which came first and therefore of which provided the source for the other. All of this certainly means the resulting differences in tone and content between the two plays have to be seen as the product of a series of highly self-conscious ideological as well as aesthetic and dramatic choices. Either way, The troublesome reign represents a hot protestant take on the reign, written in effect as a piece of proto-nationalist propaganda in the period immediately following the Armada.

Morphological evidence from immature stages further suggests Lignyodina being close to Tychiina (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4320 (3) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAŁ GOSIK ◽  
JIŘÍ SKUHROVEC ◽  
IVO TOŠEVSKI ◽  
ROBERTO CALDARA
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the subtribes Lignyodina and Tychiina of the Tychiini were tested on the basis of morphological characters from the immature stages. The mature larvae of Lignyodes bischoffi (Blatchley, 1916) and L. enucleator (Panzer, 1798) (Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini, Lignyodina) and the pupae of L. bischoffi are described in detail for the first time. To be sure about the correct taxonomic identification of the larvae, DNA sequences were obtained and compared for both the larvae and adults of these two species. Molecular data show that the two studied species of Lignyodes  Dejean, 1835 strongly differ in mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA. The immature stages (larva and pupa) of Lignyodes bischoffi and L. enucleator were compared with each other and with those known for other taxa representative of the tribe Tychiini and other tribes of Curculioninae. The larvae of Lignyodes bischoffi and L. enucleator differ in a few but important characters. The larvae and pupae of these two species belonging to Lignyodes s. str. are morphologically very similar to those of species in the other two subgenera of Lignyodes, Neotylopterus Clark, Whitehead & Warner, 1977 and Chionanthobius Pierce, 1912. On the basis of the detailed morphology of larvae and pupae, we agree that Lignyodes belong to Tychiini, sharing more features with species of this tribe than with those of other tribes of Curculioninae. New bionomic data concerning larval and pupal development and adult emergence are reported for both described species and confirm close relationships between the subtribes Lignyodina and Tychiina. On the other hand, strong molecular differences, corroborated by some relevant larval differences, between L. enucleator and L. bischoffi open up the issue whether Palaearctic and Nearctic species presently included in Lignyodes s. str. actually belong to the same subgenus. 

The Form of Dispute Settlement in The Border of Sea Region of Asean State Members and Its Implications to Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Delfiyanti Delfiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Asean State ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The ASEAN Charter itself has been recently effective on 15th December 2008 after going through the ratification of the ASEAN state members that have ratified a charter that makes the regional bloc into an "legal" institution (Legal Personality) for the first time. As we know the relationship among ten ASEAN state members does not always work smoothly. Sometimes disputes arise also where the most frequently occurring case is concerned to the regional border or annexation of Malaysia-Singapore about the regional annexation of Batu Pateh, Thailand-Cambodia border as a seizure and the other border areas. Particularly in the sea region a dispute is often occurred among ASEAN state members since at some certain marine areas it is still not yet clear about the borders of its territory. This has resulted in overlapping claims among these countries. It influences the fishing areas where the fishing boats and fishermen would be considered illegal fishing when crossing the boundaries of sea claimed by a country. Though the sea areas are not yet clear about the ownership. Eventually it became a dispute among ASEAN state members. Hence, it takes ways of resolving disputes among ASEAN state members. In this case, the ASEAN Charter contains the methods for settling disputes among ASEAN state members. Indonesia itself is one of ASEAN state members which has sea border with some ASEAN state members which also have sea dispute. Therefore, Indonesia also participated and signed the agreement and will also be bound at later by the ways set out in the ASEAN Charter.

scholarly journals Nature as creation from an eco-hermeneutical perspective: From a ‘natural theology’ to a ‘theology of nature’

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Buitendag
Keyword(s):  
Natural Theology ◽  
Evolutionary Epistemology ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systematic Theology ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

For researchers who are interested in the relationship between theology and the natural sciences, 2009 is of special importance. It is now 500 years since Calvin was born and 450 years since his Institution of the Christian Religion was finally published. It is also 200 years since Darwin’s birth and 150 years since his On the Origin of Species appeared in print for the first time. Calvin and Darwin are representative of two separate lines which converge in a particular ‘transversal space’. Such insights are regenerating light on our search for scientific truth today. Neither the absolutisation of transcendent revelation, nor that of immanent knowledge of nature, provides an accountable understanding of reality. Against this background, the challenge for Systematic Theology today is to conceive of a ‘theology of nature’, which can be offered as a dialectical third option. An ‘ecohermeneutics’ offers a possibility of establishing such an option for theology. However, such an option will, on the one hand, have to deconstruct the reformed criticism of a natural theology and will, on the other hand, have to make serious work of an evolutionary epistemology.

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